Louis Pasteur - Contributions to Science

Louis Pasteur - Contributions to Science

1. Louis Pasteur Contributions to Science Dr. Dhanya KC Assistant Professor Department of Microbiology St. Mary’s College Thrissur-680020 Kerala

2. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College https:// www.biography.com/scientist/louis-pasteur Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895) Pasteur is known as the father of microbiology and immunology A biologist , microbiologist and chemist

3. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, France . His father, Jean-Joseph Pasteur, was a tanner and a sergeant major who received the Legion of Honor during the Napoleonic Wars. Pasteur earned his bachelor of arts degree (1840) and bachelor of science degree (1842) at the Royal College of  Besancon  and doctorate (1847) from the E cole Normale in Paris . In 1848, he became a professor of chemistry at the University of Strasbourg.

4. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College In 1849 Pasteur observed that Tartaric acid and racemic acid found in sediment of fermenting wine have identical chemical composition. Upon intense inspection using a microscope, Pasteur noticed that these identical molecules have different spatial arrangement. One was the mirror image of the other. This discovery led to the branch of science – ‘ stereochemistry ’. This experiment established that to study how a chemical behave, along with its composition, the structure and shape is also important. https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Athabasca_University/Chemistry_350%3A_Organic_Chemistry_I/Chapter_5%3A_Stereochemistry_at_Tetrahedral_Centres/5.04_Pasteur%27s_Discovery_of_Enantiomers

5. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College Until the second half of the 19 th century , Many scientists and philosophers believed in Spontaneous Generation - Life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter Louis Pasteur disproved Spontaneous Generation - proved that all life comes from preexisting life. Disproved a theory held since Aristotle https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/chapter/spontaneous-generation/ Pasteur demonstrated that in sterilized and sealed flasks no life forms develops and in sterilized but open flasks microbes could grow Microorganism from air contaminate sterile solutions, but air itself does not create microbes .

6. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College Pasteur’s next study in 1854 to 1862, as professor of chemistry and dean at the University of Lille To find solutions to the problems associated with alcoholic drink manufacture His studies showed that living cells, yeast , are responsible for forming alcohol from sugar contaminating microorganisms make the fermentation sour https://www.bonappetit.com/story/spontaneous-fermentation

7. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College Invents pasteurization In 1863, at the request of the emperor of France, Napoleon III, Pasteur studied wine contamination and showed it to be caused by microbes. To prevent contamination, Pasteur heated wine to 50–60 °C a process now known as pasteurization. It is used for the preservation of many foods and beverages, particularly milk http://www.dairymoos.com/what-is-pasteurization/

8. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College The silkworm larvae having pebrine are covered in brown dots and are unable to spin thread Louis Pasteur identified the cause and developed a method called ‘graining’ when a plague of the disease spread across France. G raining enabled elimination of contaminated females and the preservation of healthy eggs This technique was adopted by silk producers throughout the world. http://biology.homeomagnet.com/silkworm-diseases/ In 1865 Rescued the silk industry Pebrine , or "pepper disease," a disease of silkworms, caused by protozoa, mainly Nosema bombycis and other species.

9. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College He concluded - this is due to a microorganism that could ferment only in the absence of oxygen. Introduced the terms aerobic and anaerobic to designate organisms that live in the presence or absence of oxygen Pasteur effect Pasteur identified that the fermentation process could be arrested by passing air (oxygen) through the fermenting fluid - known today as the Pasteur effect. https://basicmedicalkey.com/energy-conservation-in-metabolism-the-mechanisms-of-atp-synthesis/

10. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College In 1879, Pasteur worked with the disease fowl cholera , or chicken cholera which was rampant in chicken coops at the time . When inoculated into a chicken, the bacteria kill the bird - Pasteurella multocida Pasteur used a weakened culture of bacteria to inoculate chickens - resulted in immune birds The principle of vaccination with attenuated pathogens was discovered . https://sites.google.com/site/jl99323/bacterial/louis/pasteur https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HfEfpbQDiCw

11. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College Anthrax is an infectious disease that affects cattle , sheep, etc that can be transmitted to man . It was responsible for killing large populations of sheep in France, detrimental to the economy . Pasteur developed a mild, harmless culture of anthrax bacteria . Used this culture to vaccinate hundreds of livestock, and they became immune to the disease. In 1879 Pasteur worked with the disease Anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis . http://www.pasteurbrewing.com/germ-theory-of-disease/

12. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College In anthrax or chicken cholera vaccination the causative agents are artificially weakened or attenuated to immunize the animals This discovery revolutionized work in infectious diseases Pasteur gave these artificially weakened diseases the generic name of "vaccines", in honour of Jenner's discovery

13. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College In 1882, Pasteur worked with an epizootic of Swine erysipelas He developed a vaccine against this bacterial infection He carefully studied and discovered several other infectious diseases such as those caused by staphylococcus , streptococcus and pneumococcus .

14. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College Pasteur then worked with rabies Rabies is a highly contagious, infectious viral disease that attacks the central nervous system, transmitted via the bite of rabid animals On 1885 , Pasteur administered his rabies vaccine on Joseph Meister, a young man bitten by a rabid dog and saved his life . https://sites.google.com/site/jl99323/bacterial/louis/pasteur To help treat future cases of rabies, the Pasteur Institute was established in 1888 with monetary donations coming from all over the world.

15. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College His medical discoveries provided direct support for the germ theory of disease and its application in clinical medicine. Although Pasteur was not the first to propose the germ theory, his experiments indicated its correctness He is regarded as one of the three main founders of bacteriology, together with Ferdinand Cohn and Robert Koch https://www.vision.org/world-problems-infectious-disease-pandemic-4352

16. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College Pasteur As a Physicist and a Chemist 1847 to 1862 Crystallography Alcoholic Fermentation Pasteur As a Biologist 1862 to 1877 Spontaneous Generation Pasteurization : (Wine & Beer issues) Pasteur effect Silk Worm Diseases Pasteur As a Microbiologist 1877 to 1887 Fermentation & Pasteurization Germ theory of Disease and vaccination Silkworm Disease Anthrax Rabies Chicken Cholera Swine erysipelas

17. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College Louis Pasteur was the director of the Pasteur Institute, until his death (due to stroke), and his body was interred in a vault beneath the institute . Pasteur's tomb is in a crypt that lies underneath the Pasteur Institute in Paris. https://www.bbc.com/timelines/z9kj2hv

18. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College He is remembered as one of the founders of preventative medicine Few people have saved more lives than Louis Pasteur The vaccines he developed have protected millions His insight that germs cause disease revolutionised healthcare He found new ways to make our food safe to eat   Pasteur was the chemist who fundamentally changed our understanding of biology

19. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College Chance favors the prepared mind . Little science takes you away from God but more of it takes you to Him . Gentlemen, it is the microbes who will have the last word. The role of the infinitely small in nature is infinitely great . It is not the germs we need worry about. It is our inner terrain. Louis Pasteur

20. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College There are no such things as applied sciences, only applications of science . When I approach a child, he inspires in me two sentiments; tenderness for what he is, and respect for what he may become. Science knows no country, because knowledge belongs to humanity, and is the torch which illuminates the world . Science and Peace will triumph over Ignorance and War Louis Pasteur

21. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College Thank You… "One must work; one must work. I have done what I could” - Louis Pasteur's last words

22. Louis Pasteur, Dr. Dhanya KC, St.Mary’s College Thank You… "One must work; one must work. I have done what I could” - Louis Pasteur's last words