Low cost housing

COST EFFECTIVE, ECO FRIENDLY AND ENERGY SAVING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGIES FOR THE NEEDY PEOPLE.

1. LOW COST HOUSING Cost Effective Eco-friendly Technology for Needy People Prepared By – Suman Nandi Roll- 13101101024 4 th Year, B.Tech Department of Civil Engineering Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College Under The Guidance of – Dr. Arghadeep Biswas

2. Flow of Presentation : Introduction Why Low Cost Housing Is Required ? Areas from Where Cost Can Be Reduced The Cost Factor ! Selection of Materials Materials for Low Cost Housing Composites As Low Cost Building Materials Laurie Baker’s Improvements Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panel (GFRG) Building System Limitations of Use Conclusion References 2

3. Introduction : 3 Use of low cost building materials for construction of low cost housing increases the access to buildings by low income group peoples. Low cost housing can be achieved by use of efficient planning and project management, low cost materials, economical construction technologies and use of alternate construction methods available .

4. Why Low Cost Housing Is Required ? Growing population day by day, Increasing cost of land, Rising threshold cost of construction, Affordable housing for BPL people, Easy to build, Fulfills the needs of conventional houses, We need a solution that is fast, safe and economical too, 4

5. Areas from Where Cost Can Be Reduced : Reduce plinth area . Use locally available material Use energy efficient materials which consumes less energy Use environmentally friendly materials Pre-plan every component of a house and rationalize the design procedure for reducing the size of the component in the building. By planning each and every component of a house the wastage of materials can be avoided. 5

6. The Cost Factor ! The building construction cost can be divided into two parts namely: Building material cost : 65 to 70 % Labour cost : 2 5 to 35 % In low cost housing, building material cost is less because – the use of the locally available materials. S election of waste and recyclable materials and with an improved design. 6 There is huge misconception that low cost housing is suitable for only sub standard works and they are constructed by utilizing cheap building materials of low quality .

7. Selection of Materials : 7

8. Selection of Materials : 8

9. Selection of Materials : 9

10. Selection of Materials : 10

11. Selection of Materials : 11

12. Selection of Materials : 12

13. Materials for Low Cost Housing : 1.Cement-Waste Slag Brick – The main feature of this is that a lot of waste slag can be recycled and either natural curing or steam curing for bricks can be adopted. 2.Lightweight Concrete Block Panel – This panel is used for walling system of steel reinforced concrete. Main features are-   These panels are easy to install As these panels are prefabricated, these can be installed rapidly 13

14. Materials for Low Cost Housing : 3.Hooking Panel – This panel can be used for wall of low-rise and high-rise buildings. Main features are –  The wall is assembled by concrete hooking panel and steel hook, The house built with hooking panel is earthquake-proof and fireproof, Low-cost: RS-2400/m 2 building area 4.Soil cement block technology – It is an alternative method of construction of walls using soil cement blocks in place of burnt bricks masonry. This masonry doesn’t require plastering on both sides of the wall . The overall economy that could be achieved with the soil cement technology is about 15 to 20% compared to conventional method of construction . 14 .

15. Materials for Low Cost Housing : 5.Tata Blue Scope Steel – The Steel Building is easy to build . It helps to reduce cost by- R educing foundation cost due to lighter superstructure, Reduced cranage cost, Less labour requirement, Fast construction time, etc . 15

16. Composites As Low Cost Building Materials : Jute fiber reinforced polypropylene composites, Coir fiber reinforced composites, Sisal fiber and wollastonite - jute pultruded composites, MDF composite containing coir fiber, cashew nut shell liquid ( CNSL ) as natural resin and Paraformaldehyde as major constituents. 16 Pultrusion is most cost effective method for producing composite profiles. It is commercially applicable for light weight corrosion free structures , electrical non conductive systems etc.

17. Laurie Baker’s Improvements : 17 Building on Sloping Side Rat Trap Bond Window Opening

18. Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panel (GFRG) Building System : Glass fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panel = calcined gypsum + reinforced glass fibers. Gypsum is a waste by product of the fertilizer industry The panel was originally developed by GFRG Building System, Previously this panels were used as load bearing wall only but Prof. Devdas Menon and Prof. A. Meher Prasad from IIT Madras improved these panels and they used these panels as horizontal slab. This method of construction is not only less expensive(cost 2/3 rd ), but also less time consuming, Waterproofing is an essential requirement of the construction at different stages. 18

19. Glass F iber Reinforced Gypsum Panel (GFRG) Building System : 19 Foundation Construction Placement of Roof Panels Construction of second storey Support for Vertical Wall

20. COMPLETED BUILDING, CONSTRUCTED WITH GFRG PANEL, WITHIN A MONTH 20

21. Advantages of GFRG Panel Over Conventional Building : Less built-up area for the same carpet area. High speed of construction is achieved as panels are prefabricated. Significant reduction in use of cement, sand, steel and water Lower cost of structure: savings in materials, no plastering. Lower building weight (panel weight= 43 kg/m 2 ), Buildings up to 8-10 storeys can be designed using this load-bearing system, without the need for beams and columns and even earthquake resistant. 21

22. Limitations of Use : The shorter span of slab (floor / roof) should be restricted to 5 m. It is ideal if the same floor / roof is replicated for all floors in multi storeyed structure. For any variations, structural designer needs to be consulted. Curved walls or domes should be avoided. In case it is essential, use masonry /concrete for that particular area. 22

23. Conclusion : It is now possible to build Speedy and Low Cost Housing for Rural without making any compromises with the strengths or materials being used. All the above stated techniques and methods also help in saving energy. 23 Low cost construction is a concept which is generalized and based on three factors which are structural design , method of budgeting & cost cutting and materials used . So, all these three factors must be optimized for low cost construction.

24. References : https ://theconstructor.org/construction/low-cost-housing-construction-technique/14858 / https://www.masterbuilder.co.in/building-materials-for-low-cost-housing-segments / https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUQEUcB7cMM&t=480s http://www.engineeringcivil.com/low-cost-housing.html ‘A Manual of Cost Cuts For Strong Acceptable Housing’ by ‘ Ar.Laurie Baker’  24

25. Thank You ! 25