Luận án Nghiên cứu xác định nhu cầu năng lượng cho duy trì của bò sữa lai ¾ hf ở các mức khối lượng khác nhau

i

iTrangTv12T34T54gTeygTTTTTTTTTTTT iT676rT6r8aCHT34ÀgXkXÀ

3aC6T28O6T6+7aT
B B
B B
,MTJa68T,(68T
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B
6r8aM6T2)+T.n2T5(68T68+T29+T6O6rT
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*CÁCMCKH,ILƯNGKHÁCNHAU
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2. XBìÀAHÀALuÀkQqÀ
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Àhttps://drivers.vn/

i

2n2T28hT3aAeTeOeTecg6rT,+@6Tn6T

ADF Xơkhôngtantrongmôitrưngaxít(Aciddete,HuCO l(tu,R
BW Kh)ilư+ngcơth,(Bodyweight)
CP Proteinthô(Crudeprotein)
CF Xơthô(Crudefiber)
DE Nănglư+ngtiêuhóa(Digestibleenergy)
DM V:tch;tkhô(Drymatter)
EE M<(Etherextract)
FHP Nhi=ts>nsinh?tr@ngtháitraoñCiñói(FasO(CH 7u+O 2,Mc1AO(MCR
GE Nănglư+ngthô(Grossenergy)
i5 iMF7Ou(C 5,(u7(+C
HI Nhi=tgiatăng(Heatincreatment)
HP TCngnhi=ts>nsinh(Heatproduction)
oF o7B( F)mCH
ME Nănglư+ngtraoñCi(Metabolisableenergy)
ME
MB B Nănglư+ngtraoñCichoduytrì(MetabolisableenerH- lM, J+(CO+(CR
NDF Xơkhôngtantrongmôitrưngtrungtính(Neut,+F cuOu,HuCO l(tu,R
NE Nănglư+ngthuHn(Netenergy)
NE
m Nănglư+ngthuHnchoduytrì(NetenergyformainO+(CR
rF r4CH F)mCH
OM Ch;thJucơ(Organicmatter)
RE Nănglư+ngtíchluL(Retentionenergy)
RQ Thươngs)hôh;p(Respirationquotient)
E/9r E(51 A71OC 9(=O r+J
EPoF E7+- BC( 67B( F)mCH
W
0,75
o7B(
B
lư+ngtraoñCi(Metabolicweight)

https://drivers.vn/

ii

m01Àr01À
Trang
/iTUrD nV 8W PXY VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV........................................................................... 1
2V2V EZri /[0 Ein\E /]3 P^ ETnV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV............................................................ 1
2VvV 8_/ PZ/i /]3 P^ ETnV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.................................................................. 2
/iTUrD nnV E`rD MY3r ETn FnaY 9^ rDinbr /cY riY /XY rdrDB FTtGDB
/iI 4Yf EKg W sh ij3VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV........................................................................ 3
vV2V /l/ ia EimrD Plri Dnl Dnl EKn rdrD FTerDVVVVVVVVV.................................. 3
vV2V2V PoC7 CH7p+ qr ByC qo BM C4CH F)mCHVVVVVVVVVV............................................................. 3
vV2VvV /AA c@CH C4CH F)mCH As+ O7tA 4C VVVVVVVVVVVVV.............................................................. 4
vV2VkV 07)yCH 27A2 BM C7(=O F)mCH qr C4CH F)mCH O0AÔB*vhVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV6
vVvV riY /XY rdrD FTerD /iI 4Yf EKgVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.......................................... 14
vVvV2V 07)yCH 27A2 O0C7 C71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH O71HC A7oduytrì(NEm) ......................... 14
vVvVvV /AA -x1 OB >C7 7)?CH BxC C71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH YÔÊBRnhBĂL.VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV CÍ
vVkV Egri igri rDinbr /cY 9^ riY /XY rdrD FTerD EKIrD 9T rD ITn
NƯyC.................................................................................................................................. 18
vVkV2V EGC7 7GC7 CH7(5C At1 q{ C71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH CHMr( C)|AVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV 2z
vVkVvV EGC7 7GC7 CH7(5C At1 q{ C71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH O,MCH C)|A VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV vv
CHƯƠNG III. ƯyC TÍNH NHU CXU NĂNG LƯeNG TRAO ð`I (MEm) VT rdrD
LƯeNG THUXN (NEm) CHO DUY TRÌ C]A BÒ TƠ L} HƯyNG SjA LAn k~u i5
s•rD i3n 0iTUrD 0il0 oil/ ri3YVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV................................................. 25
3.1.ð?TV[Nð^ .............................................................................................................. 25
kVvV 9•E FnaY 9T 0iTUrD 0il0 rDinbr /cY VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV....................................... 26
3.3.K\TQU? ..................................................................................................................... 30
kVkV2V r71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH O,+M BC( A7M c1- O,GVVVVVV......................................................... 30
kVkVvV r71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH O71HC A7M c1- O,GVVVVVVVVV......................................................... 37
3.4.TH?OLU?N ............................................................................................................... 41
kVSV o\E FY•r 9T P^ rDinVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.............................................................. 45 https://drivers.vn/

iii

/iTUrD n9V Ty/ EZri riY /XY rdrD FTerD EiYXr /iI 4Yf EKg (NEm)
/]3 sh EU F} iTyrD ij3 9T sh /ƒr ij3 F3n k~u i5 s•rD 0iTUrD 0il0
ðO NHIaT LƯeNG GIÁN TI\P THÔNG QUA BU?NG HÔ H[P (RESPIR 3EnIr
CHAMBER) ............................................................................................................................. 47
4.1.ð?TV[Nð^ .............................................................................................................. 47
uVvV 9•E FnaY 9T 0iTUrD 0il0 rDinbr /cY VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV....................................... 48
4.3.K\TQU? ..................................................................................................................... 50
4.3.2.Bòcáic@nsJakhôngch?a.................................................................................... 54
4.4.TH?OLU?N ............................................................................................................... 58
uVSV o\E FY•r 9T P^ rDinVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.............................................................. 61
CHƯƠNG V. KI?M TRA NHU CXU NĂNG LƯeNG THUXN CHO DUY TRÌ (NEm)
C]ABÒSjALAI3/4HFT?IVIaTNAMBNGCÁCTHÍNGHIaM rY„n 4T}rD
TRONGðI^UKIaNS?NXU[T .......................................................................................... 62
5.1.ð?TV[Nð^ .............................................................................................................. 62
SVvV 9•E FnaY 9T 0iTUrD 0il0 rDinbr /cY VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV....................................... 63
5.3.K\TQU? ..................................................................................................................... 66
5.4.TH?OLU?N ............................................................................................................... 72
SVSV o\E FY•r 9T P^ rDinVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.............................................................. 75
CHƯƠNGVI. HIaUCH?NH GIÁ TRnNHU CXUNĂNG LƯeNG THUXNCH I 4Yf
EKg /]3 sh /ln EU F} F3n k~u i5 W /l/ 8c/ oimn FTerD oil/ ri3Y s•rD
EiZ rDina8 rY„n 4T}rDVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV............................................................... 76
6.1.ð?TV[Nð^ .............................................................................................................. 76
wVvV 9•E FnaY 9T 0iTUrD 0il0 rDinbr /cY VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV....................................... 76
6.3.K\TQU? ..................................................................................................................... 80
6.4.TH?OLU?N ............................................................................................................... 86
wVSV o\E FY•r 9T P^ rDinVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.............................................................. 88
CHƯƠNGVII.TH?OLU?NCHUNG.................................................................................. 89
/iTUrD 9nnnV o\E FY•r 9T P^ rDin /iYrDVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV............................................ 92
8.1.K\TLU?NCHUNG ................................................................................................... 92 https://drivers.vn/

iv

zVvV P^ rDin /iYrDVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.................................................................... 92
NHjNGCÔNGTRÌNHKHOAH?CðÃCÔNGBmLIÊNQUANð\NLU?NÁN. ....... 93
TÀILIaUTHAMKH?O ........................................................................................................ 94
MTSmHÌNH?NHTHÍNGHIaMBU?NGHÔH[P..................................................... 102
https://drivers.vn/

v

vt68TJ12T2n2T P6rT
E,+CH
B>ng2.1.Tínhtoánnhi=ts>nxu;tracsa1bêt?cAA 7B F(=1 O,+M BC( 78 7;2 qr C( Oy tr( O(xO
O,MCH C)|A O(,1VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV......................................................................................10

s>CH vVvV /AA7 O0C7 C4CH F)mCH O0A7 Fv- qr C7(=O F)+ngcsac?ut?thínghi=mcânb?ngnitơ
qr A+,tMCVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.........................................................................................12

s>CH vVkV T|A O0C7 C4CH F)mCH O0A7 Fv- qr C7(=O 7>Cxu;t?giacHms?d?ngkLthu:tgixtmC
7M 7AC7 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV..........................................................................................14

B>ng3.1.ThànhphHnhóah?ccsacácthtcănth?nghi=m(%tínhtheoch;tkhô) ...............27
S0PBkVDVB?ÔBÔ1PBYrUBgÔPBgÔAgBAYBĨoÔBĨxBDà,DE(MJ/ngày)vàh=s)tiêuhóa
C4CH F)mCHVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.......................................................................................30

S0PBkVkVB?ÔBÔ1PBYrUBgÔPBgÔAgBAYBĨoÔBĨxB8àBxrBĂ?B*5B8à~DàBYrUBĂÔbYB:VVVVVVVVVkk
S0PBkVuVB?ÔBÔ1PBYrUBgÔPBgÔAgBAYBĨoÔBĨxBDàQ 43 qr 83 As+ O7tA 4CVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVku
S0PBkVÍVB?ÔBÔ1PBYrUBgÔPBgÔAgBAYBĨoÔBĨxBÔnBYũnB8àBYÔÊBRnhBĂL.VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVkÍ
B>ng3.6.?nhhư?ngcsalo@ithtcănñxnNEănvào.............................................................38
B>ng3.7.?nhhư?ngcsalo@ithtcănñxnnhucHunănglư+ngthuHnchoduytrì(NE m) ......38
B>ng3.8.GiátroNE(MJ/kgngày),m:tñ?NE(MJ/gDMR qr C71 AH1 r3 m O0C7 O7uM A8CH
thtccsaINRA(1989)vàARC(1980).....................................................................................40

B>ng3.9.Tómt?tnhucHunănglư+ngtraoñCichoduytrì(ME m)?bòñangv?tsJacsam?t
7B OAA H(> 7‡ c•CH 27)yCH 27A2 7—( N1( qr AAA 7B F(=1 O,+M BC( C7(=O VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV....42

s>CH kV21V r3MBYrUBA?BYABsưUBYÔÊB:BNÔOnBgÔũBYBs1B*rBYWBNÔHVVVV.......................................44
s>CH uV2V F)mCH I2tiêuth?,CH4BxrByí2th>ira(lít/ngày)vàtCngFHP(KJ/ngày)theonhómB
kh)ilư+ng(Mean±SE;n=5chom?inhómkh)ilư+ng)........................................................51

s>CH uVvV F)mCH I2tiêuth?,CH4BxrByí2th>ira(lít/kgW
0,75
)vàtCngFHP(KJ/kgW
0,75
ÒBÔUhB
ÔnBYũnBGàBYÔÊBRnhBĂL.BĂÔÌÊBÔãMBNÔFB*KPB8ÌU?pà;n=5chom?inhómkh)ilư+ng) 52

s>CH uVkV i= 7B A71-,C 76+ C4CH F)mCH O,+M BC( 7+CHnănglư+ngthuHnchoduytrì(k mR 9AA
BoC7 O,5C AAA C76J O7tA 4C 67AA C7+1 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV......................................................................52

s>CH uVuV F)mCH I2tiêuth?,CH4BxrByí2 O7>( ,+ qr OCCH 5i0 7+- C71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH O71HC
A7M c1- O,G O0C7 A71CH A7M AAA C76J 67B( F)mCH VVVVV................................................................53
https://drivers.vn/

vi

B>ng4.5.Cácphươngtrìnhh?iquigiJalư+ngCH4 7>C 7(C7 q|( 5i0 qr H(J+ 5i0 q|( 67B(
F)mCH 7BCH qr 67B( F)mCH O,+M BC(VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV..........................................................................54

s>CH uVwV F)mCH I2tiêuth?,CH4 qr /I2th>ira(lít/ngày)vàtCngFHP(KJ/ngày)csabòth0
nghi=mtheonhómkh)ilư+ng(Mean±SE;n=6chom?( C76J 67B( F)mCHRV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVSS

s>CH uVRV F)mCH I2 tiêu th?, CH4 qr /I2 th>i ra (lít/kgW
0,75
R qr OCCH F)mCH 5i0
(KJ/kgW
0,75
R 7+- C71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH O71HC A7M c1- O,G As+ t† O70 CH7(=J O7uM C76J 67B(
lư+ng(Mean±SE;n=6chom?inhómkh)ilư+ng). ..............................................................56

s>CH uVzV F)mCH I2tiêuth?,CH4 qr /I2 O7>( ,+ qr OCCH F)mCH 5i0 7+- C71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH
O71HC A7M c1- O,G As+ t† O70 CH7(=J O0C7 A71CH A7M AAA C76J 67B( F)mCHVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVSw

s>CH uVŠV /AA 27)yCH O,GC7 7—( N1( H(J+ F)mCH 5i0 q|( 67B( F)mCH t† O70 CH7(=JVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVSR
s>CH uV21V r3J As+ t† AA( 7J+ A7M 4C 67O1 27HC 67AA C7+1 A8CH tB O?năm1997................60
s>CH SV2V r71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH A7M J+CH O7+( tBC O7ACH A1B( As+ t† 7J+VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVwS
s>CH SVvV E7rC7 27HC 7MA 7‘A qr C4CH F)mCH O,+M BC( As+ AAA FM@( O7tA 4C O70 CH7(=JVVVVVVVVVwR
s>CH SVuV r71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH O,+M BC( qr C4CH F)mCH O71HC A7M c1- O,G 7J+ As+ t† AA( B+CH
A7M 7J+ k~u i5VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.....................................................................................68

B>ng5.5.Ch;tkhôănvào(kg/ngày),MEănvào(MJ/ngày),kh)ilư+ngcơth,(kg),thayñCi
kh)ilư+ng(kg/ngày),thángv?tsJa,năngsu;tsJatiêuchuOn(kg),thángmangthai(tháng)
As+ t† AA( B+CH A7M 7J+ F+( k~u i5 O7uM H(+( BM@C A7M 7J+VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.........69

s>CH SVwV r71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH O,+M BC( qr C4CH F)mCH O71HC A7M c1- O,G As+ t† AA( B+CH A7M
7J+ F+( k~u i5 O7uM H(+( BM@C A7M 7J+VVVVVVVVVVVVVV.........................................................................70

s>CH SVRV M1+C 7= H(J+ C4CH 71;O 7J+ O(51 A71OC q|( 48 4C qrMQ C4CH F)mCH 83 4C qrM qr
O7+- BC( 67B( F)mCHVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV...................................................................................71

B>ng5.8.Tómt?tnhucHunănglư+ngtraoñCichoduytrì(ME m)?bòñangv?tsJacsam?t
7B OAA H(> 7‡ c•CH 27)yCH 27A2 7—( N1( qr AAA 7B F(=1 O,+M BC( C7(=O VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV....73

B>ng6.1.Sơñ?b)tríthínghi=mchom?ithínghi=m ............................................................77
B>ng6.2.ThànhphHnhóah?ccsac?voic?ttáisin7 F•A u1 CHr- qr AAJ H@M FM@( 2VVVVVVVVVVVVVRR
B>ng6.3.T?l=tiêuhóacsac?voic?ttáisinhlúc40ngàyvàcámg@olo@i1(%)................77
B>ng6.4.Giátronănglư+ngcsac?voic?ttáisinhlúc40ngàyvàcámg@olo@i1(Kcal/kg
DM) ..........................................................................................................................................78
https://drivers.vn/

vii

S0PBôVÍVBGÔnBYũnB:PB*KPBYÔÊBRnhBĂL.BYrUBA?BYA Oy F< k~u i5 ? JtA 67B( F)mCH v11 6H VVVVz2
S0PBôVôVBGÔnBYũnB:PB*KPBYÔÊBRnhBĂL.BYrUBA?BYA Oy F< k~u i5 ? JtA 67B( F)mCH vS1 6HVVVVVzv
S0PBôVRVBGÔnBYũnB:PB*KPBYÔÊBRnhBĂL.BYrUBA?BYA Oy F< k~u i5 ? JtA 67B( F)mCH k11 6HVVVVVzk
s>CH wVzV ECCH 7m2 C71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH A7M c1- O,G ArUBA?BYABĂB*4Bk~uBðB1BkBMbYBNÔFB
F)mCH v11Q vS1 qr k11 6HVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV..............................................................................84

B>ng6.9.Cácphươngtrìnhh?iquibi,udi?nquanh= H(J+ C71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH A7M c1- O,G qr
67B( F)mCH O,+M BC( h
0,75
..........................................................................................................85
s>CH RV2V D(A O,o 83m (MJ/kg KL), MEm (MJ/kgW
0,75
ÒƠB Gàm (MJ/kgKL) và NEMB
(MJ/kgW
0,75
ÒBAYBĨoÔBA?PBYAYBgÔPBgÔAgBNÔAYBÔUnVVVVVVVVVV..............................................91
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
À
À
Àhttps://drivers.vn/

viii

2bkôÀm01À1I1ÀB,ÀF7ÀADÀF7ÀXôiÀ
Trang
Sơñ?2.1.S?phânchianănglư+ngthtcăn?giasúc...............................................................5
P— O7o vV2V 07)yCH 27A2 7(=1 7B )|A O0C7 C7(=O H(+ O4CH As+ O7tA 4CVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.....7
ð?tho3.1.H?iquigiJaGEănvào(MJ/ngày)xácñoC7 O,ŸA O(x2 q|( sMJt A+FM,(JuOu, qr )|A
tínhtheocôngthtccsaINRA(1989) ......................................................................................37

ð?tho3.2.H?iquigiJaDEănvào(MJ/ngày)xácñoC7 O,ŸA O(x2 q|( sMJt A+FM,(JuOu, qr )|A
tínhtheocôngthtccsaINRA(1989) ......................................................................................37

ð?tho3.3.H?iquigiJaMEănvào(MJ/ngày)xácñoC7 O,ŸA O(x2 q|( sMJt A+FM,(JuOu, qr
ư|ctínhtheocôngthtccsaINRA(1989) ...............................................................................37

ð? tho 3.4. H?i qui giJa NE ăn vào (MJ/ngày) ư|c tính theo INRA (1989) và theo ARC
(1980)........................................................................................................................................41

ð?tho3.5.H?iquigiJaNEm(MJ/kgKL)ư|ctínhtheoINRA(1989)vàtheoARC(1980) ..41
ð?tho3.6.H?iquigiJaNEm(MJ/kgW
0,75
)ư|ctínhtheoINRA(1989)và............................41
theoARC(1980) ......................................................................................................................41
ð?tho4.1.Quanh=giJaFHP(KJ/kgW
0,75
)vàkh)ilư+ng(kg)..............................................58
ð?tho4.2.Quanh=giJaFHP(KJ/kgW
0,75
R qr 67B( F)mCH O,+M BC(VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV.............58
ð?tho4.3.Quanh=giJaFHP(KJ/ngày)vàkh)ilư+ng(kg) ..................................................58
ð?tho4.4.Quanh=giJaFHP(KJ/ngày)vàkh)ilư+nH O,+M BC(VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV....58
ð?tho6.1.Quanh=giJanănglư+ngtraoñCichodu- O,G qr 67B( F)mCH O,+M BC( h
0,75
.........85
ð?tho6.2.Quanh=giJanănglư+ngthuHnchoduyt,G qr 67B( F)mCH O,+M BC( h
0,75
............85 https://drivers.vn/

1

280Q6rTaGTTJFT59+T
À
?G?GTeS68T2THTe8aAeT2ltT5UTe4aGT
Kinhtxnư|ctañangpháttri,nliênt?cv|it)cñ? A+M C5C C71 AH1 O(51 O7• O7ŸA
27OJ CHr- ArCH O4CHV r7JCH C4J N1+Q 7>C F)mCH F)yCHBĂÔ=YBYrUBqYBĂUBNÔHPBYÔ?B
ĨAgBbPBĨrBÔnBYũnBĂ5nBR?PBĂLÊPBqYBMrBY?BRBĨ, 91;O 67O1V E1- C7(5CQ 7>C
gÔOMBYÔ:BnHBx?BY?BĂÔxnBxrBgÔ0BÔ2gBĂ/BYAYB|cngoài.ChínhvìthxB?Nông
PÔ5gB xrB êEGEB Ĩ?B AYB ĨoÔB ĂLÊPB ĂÔXB PUB ĂqB YB Y;1 7>C 91;O C8CH CH7(=2 AHC
A71-,C coA7 O7uM 7)|CH BO- J@C7 27AO O,(,C CHrC7 A7:BnHBxrBA?BsưUB*rBM7ĂBĂLÊPB
nhJngngànhngh{ñư+cchínhphsñ?cbi=tquantâm.GÔXBs=BinUBĂ?MBrhBYÔ?BĂLÊPB
xrB:MƠBĨrBA?BsưUBqYBĂUBĨ?BgÔAĂBĂL,BÔUÔBYÔãng,theos)li=ucsaTCngc?c
EÔFPBN5BPrhB C~C ~D C ƠBĂCPBĨrBA?BsưUBYrUBY0B|A O4CH 22Qk2’ 7M q|( C4J
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3

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Àhttps://drivers.vn/

5

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6

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7

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7(=C C+- 7H1 7xO AAA CH7(5C At1 q{ O,+M BC( C7(=O B{1 O(xC 7rC7 t•CH 27)yCH 27A2
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B6 A71-,C O7rC7 C7(=O A7s -x1 Fr t+ FM@( A7;O Ay t>C¬ A+,tM7-c,+OuQ J< qr 2,MOu(CV
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v?V“ñư?th“aym“ưPc“ư?t“ưà3“C8“)cDaưmêcôu“Eó±“)B“3,MOu(CRQ qG q:- A6 O7, A2 c•CH
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3 + 32,02 MJ (2) https://drivers.vn/

9

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7>C 7(C7 ,+ qr r tr( O(xO O,MCH C)|A O(,1 O7uM 27)yngtrìnhcsaBrouwer(1965):https://drivers.vn/

10

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11

phHnnh?nhi=tsinhrat?oxyhóaproteinthìkhông AHC O7(xO 27>( O0C7 OMAC ,(5CH qr
AvCH 678CH AHC 27>( 9AA BoC7 F)mCH C(Oy O,MCH C)|A O(,1V
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c@CH 2,MOu(C qr J<Q A†C C4CH F)mCH cŸ O,J c)|( c@CH A+,tM7-c,+Ou O,MCH Ay O7, H(+ 7•A https://drivers.vn/

12

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ñư+ctínhb?ngcáchnhânlư+ngdinhdư<ngtíchlũyq|( H(A O,o C4CH F)mCH As+ A7•CHV
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nư|cti,ucòncarbonbàitixtkh?icơth,dư|id@ng JuO7+C qr /I
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13

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qr As+ J< Fr kŠQk 8“~6HV 8•O q0 c• q{ AAA7 O0A7 C4CH F)mCH O0A7 Fv- qr C7(=O F)mCH
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7˜( C7({1 O,+CH O7(xO to 27tA O@2 qr F@( A7 O(xC 7rC7 O,(,C 67+( O,5C 7B 0O H(+ 7•AV 4M
q:- AAA C7r CH7(5C At1 c(C7 c)<CH H(+ 7•A O,5C O7x H(|( B£ 27AO O,(,C AAA 6L O71:O
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O7G cž crCH 7yC qG HHC C7) 678CH t(xC B•CH F|C qr c?ñoñ@c.
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lư+ngcsagiasúcñư+cư|ctínht@ithiñi,mb?tñH1 qr 6xO O7•A O70 CH7(=JV W 27)yCH
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m?ugixtmC)t@ithiñi,mb?tñHuthínghi=m.CácJ¢1 J8 As+ Ay O7, B)mA O71 O7:2 qr
CH7({C C7˜ CH+- 7+1 67( JC 67>M 7AO qr 7+1 B6 H(A Oronănglư+ngthôcsacácm?unày
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Ay O7, qr H(A O,o C4CH F)mCH B)mA O7(xO F:2 qr JB( tươngquannàyñư+cs?d?ngñ,ư|c
tínhgiátronănglư+ngtrongcơth,lúcb?tñHuth0 CH7(=J As+ C76J H(+ 7•A O7t vV 9rM
lúckxtthúcthínghi=m,nhómgiasúctht2s?ñư+c H(xO JC H(BCH C7) C76J J¢1 H(xO
JCQ qr C4CH F)mCH cŸ O,J O4CH F5C 7+1 O7.( H(+C O70 CH7(=J B)mA O0C7 OMACV https://drivers.vn/

14

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li=uv{nhi=ts>nxu;t?tr@ngtháitraoñCiñói(FHP)c?ngv|inănglư+ngth>iraqua
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m“ElmB?B ƠkÍBB8à~DàB?B ƠÍkÒVBhttps://drivers.vn/

15

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16

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h@n chx s? thay ñCi ñi,m th, tr@ng. Bò sJa có ñi,mO7, O,@CH O7;2 A7M O” F= C@A
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nhi=tlư+ngs>nsinhtrongquátrìnhtraoñCiñói(MJ/kgW
0,75
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27)yCH 27A2 H(xO JC H(+ 7•AV
Nhttps://drivers.vn/

17

34343434rSm-r678T2r?7rCgnT2rvHTur8H5Tr
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9y O,MCH 67O1 27HC 678CH >C7 7)?CH BxC C4CH F)mCH O71HC A7M c1- O,GV E1- C7(5CQ
nhJngnghiênctugHnñâychor?ngtănghàmlư+ngxơtrongkhOuphHncóth,d?n
ñxntăngt)cñ?traoñCich;tchoduytrì.BòănkhO1 27HC 9y A+M O(51 O7• O7tA 4C
nhi{u hơn nh?m ñ>m b>o ñs lư+ng ME ăn vào so v|i bò 4C 67O1 27HC 9y O7;2
Ep)Fuaê“ó±“&cvê.(t8“g??=b8“9(ò1“t±m“9?“ê?t“9xt“v±“O4CH 60A7 O7)|A B).CH O(51 76+Q
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AAA C7ŽC OB Cr- B{1 FrJ O4CH 67B( F)mCH B).CH O(51 ưPc“Eâumtavêơ8“g??wb“ó±“lxô“T1B“
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ñ?ngtraoñCich;t?cáccơquann?it@ng.
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mQ qG 7= 7B 6m B)mA
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caos?làmgi>mt?l=tiêuhóanănglư+ngd?nñxnnănglư+ngtraoñCigi>m(Beevervà
A7VQ 2ŠzzR qr FrJ O4CH C4CH F)mCH O7>( ,+ O• 670 Juôưct“Efct“ó±“)ơV8“keeebV“?tư“ưGxth“
csakhOuphHnxơñxnt)cñ?traoñCich;tchoduyt,G qr 7= 7B 6
m A6 O7, Fr F© cM H(>(
thíchr?ngkhOuphHnxơcaoñòih?iME
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ADADADpDN5I7nNCƠÀ1NagơÀNng.N
W C7({1 C)|A O,5C O7x H(|(Q t† 7J+ O7).CH B)mA A74Cth>trênñ?ngc?.V|i
cùngm?tlư+ngthtcănănvào,giasúcchănth>tiê1 O7• C4CH F)mCH C7({1 7yC 7M q|(
h(c“ơ?)“t1(“tưdôV“Eưua“2êc“ó±“)ơV“Eg?=úb8“90“4t“gkgVCKthtcănviên,c?khôhay
B—CH O7.( A¡CH q|( A74C O7> H(+ 7•A AHC O(51 O7• C4CH F)mCH O)yCH tCH Fr 1Qvkš 2Q1k
7+- kQuv o“~6H 67B( F)mCH 7BCHV i? cp H(+ 7•A A74C O7> O(51 O7• C4CH F)mCH A+M 7yC Fr
qG H(+ 7•A A74C O7> AHC C7({1 O7.( H(+C O,MCH q(=A FŸ+ A7‘C qr B)+ O7tA 4C qrM J(=CHV
90 c•Q O,5C J•O B—CH A˜ q|( A7;O F)mCH A˜ qr AŽ- t•icao,c?uñư+cchănth>t?6
gi/ngàythưngdànhthigianăndàihơnc?unuôiC7BO 67M>CH S H(.Q 67( A¡CH O(51
O7• J•O F)mCH O7tA 4C q|( A7;O F)mCH O7tA 4C C7) C7c1“Eiñ28“g??ebV“4th“vGàth“ó±“https://drivers.vn/

18

O7.( H(+C crC7 A7M C7+( F@( A6 O7, Fr C7) C7+1Q C7)ngc?uchănth>ñil@itrênñ?ngc?
kho>ng3km/ngàyñ,tìmkixmthtcănho?cchom?cñíchkhác(nhưu)ngnư|c).
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o“~6H 67B( F)mCH Ay O7, qr BB( q|( A•1 A+( 7J+Q C4CH F)mCH O71HC A7M c1- O,G O4CH
kho>ng20%(SCA,1990).Trongñi{uki=nchănth>qu>CH A+C7Q C4CH F)mCH O71HC
A7M c1- O,G O4CH 67M>CH k1 g u1’ qG H(+ 7•A AHC C7({uthigianănvàñil@i(Langlands
xrB YsVƠB CìôkÒVB GPÊrB LUƠB A?B YÔ:B ĂÔ0B ĨUPB ĂLÊPB ĂÔXi kỳ v?t sJa ñòi h?i ñi l@i v|i
kho>ngcáchg;phailHn.TheoARC(1980),tiêuhaoC4CH F)mCH A7M q(=A c( A71-,C
CH+CH qr cBA O,MCH 67M>CH 2 6J Fr vQ1 7M¤A vz o“~6H 67B( F)mCH Ay O7,V
NRC(1988)khuyxncáor?ngnănglư+ngthuHnchoduy O,G O4CH O• 21 BxC v1’
ñ)iv|ibòsJachănth>trênñ?ngc?,tùythu?cvàoch;tlư+ngc?trênbãichănth>.
SCA(1990)g+iýr?ngnănglư+ngthuHnchoduytrìĨFBxqBA?BsưUBYÔ:BĂÔ0BĂ:PB
ĂLÊPBNÔÊ0PBC BOBD %B1BĨ{nBN5BYÔ:BĂÔ0BĂÔ?MBYU7Q qr 67M>CH S1’ ? B({1 6(=C
chănth>qu>ngcanh,ñ?ngc?trênñ?inơichúngph>( B( 67M>CH AAA7 BACH 6, B, OGJ
A?BYWBPÊBxrBĂ.MBqYBnFPVBEnhBÔ5ƠBVðơyBCììkR 678CH B)+ ,+ C7JCH 671-xC
AAM Cr- O,MCH 7= O7BCH C4CH F)mCH 83 As+ 3C7V
2.3.TÌNHHÌNHNGHIÊNCUVUNHUCUNĂNGLƯNGTRO kNÀADÀ
6rg4aT60D2T
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iB F)mCH A7;O c(C7 c)<CH AHC O7(xO A7M H(+ 7•A B)mAg?ib?ngthu:tngJnhu
AH1 c(C7 c)<CH 7+- O(51 A71OC 4CV E1- C7(5C O,MCH Oh?ctxgiJahaithu:tngJtrên
678CH 7MrC OMrC H(BCH C7+1V r71 AH1 c(C7 c)<CH Fr F)mCH A7;O c(C7 c)<CH Jr H(+
súccHnchom?tchtcnăngnàoñócsacơth,.Cònti51 A71OC 4C O7).CH B)mA AAA 7=
ĂÔFPBRÔBR4PBGơyƠBVðơyƠBpyV?ÒBĨUBLUBYUÊBÔBhucHum?tchútnh?mt@o
m?thànhlangantoàntrongnuôidư<ng.ði{unàylàdocós?khácnhauchútítv{nhu
cHudinhdư<ngchocùngm?tchtcnănggiJacácgiasúckhácnhau(McDonaldvà
YsVƠBD DÒVB
TheoñonhnghĩacsaMcDonaldvàcs.(2002)thìnhu AH1 C4CH F)mCH A7M c1- O,G
As+ J•O H(+ 7•A Fr F)mCH C4CH F)mCH AHC O7(xO B, H(+ 7•A B6 c1- O,G O,@CH O7A( Ay O7, CC https://drivers.vn/

19

ñonh,khôngs>nxu;t(khôngchosJa,khôngtăngtr?CHQ 678CH J+CH O7+(VVVR qr 678CH B(
l@iho?clàmb;tctvi=cgì.Vìgiasúcr;thixmkh( B)mA C18( ? O,@CH O7A( 678CH 7>C
91;O C5C c).CH C7) O,@CH O7A( c1- O,G A7 Fr 67A( Ci=mkhoah?cthuHntuý(McDonald
qr A7VQ v11vRV iyC CJ+ ªC4CH F)mCH A7M c1- O,G« AvCH 678CH 27>( Fr 2 67A( C(=J A7¤O
ch?vìnókhôngtáchñư+cphHnnănglư+ngcHnchocácho@tñ?ngnh?mduytrìtr@ng
O7A( AŽC t•CH As+ Ay O7, qr 27HC J;O B( A7M q(=A 60A7 7M@O 7+- cM 7(=1 71;O O7;2 As+ AAA
ph>ntngsinhhóatrongcơth,(VanSoest,1994).M?cdùv:y,cáckháini=mnàyv?n
ñư+ct;tc>cách=th)ngdinhdư<nghi=nhànhs?d?CH B, 9AA BoC7 O(51 A71OC 4C A7M
H(+ 7•AQ H(+ AHJV
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7>C 91;O O7oOQ 7J+Q qr C18( O7+( As+ H(+ 7•AV E,MCH qr( O7:2 6” N1+Q q(=A CH7(5C At1 9AA
ñonhnhucHudinhdư<ngcsabòñư+cth?chi=nchsyxub?im?ts)nư|c?ChâuÂu,B?c
8L qr 317O,+F(+š qr cM B6 O;O A> AAA 7= O7BCH c(C7 c)<CH 7(=C C+- O,5C O7x H(|( B{1 B)mA
xâyd?ngt?cáckhuv?cnày.ð)iv|icáckhuv?ccòC F@( O,5C O7x H(|(Q 7H1 7xO B{1 A2
d?ngnhJngh=th)ngdinhdư<ngtrênñ,xâyd?ngkhO1 27HC 4Cš AAA CH7(5C At1 Ay t>C
A7 J|( B)mA t–O BH1 O,MCH C7JCH C4J HHC BŽ-V
TCngnhucHunănglư+ngcsam?tgiasúchaym?tgia AHJ A70C7 Fr OCCH AAA C71
AH1 AHC A7M c1- O,G qr 7>C 91;O As+ H(+ 7•A 7+- H(+ AHJ B6V W t† C6( A71CHQ C71 AH1
nănglư+ngchoduytrìchixmt?34ñxn59%tCngnhucHunănglư+ng(McDonaldvà
A7VQ v11vR qr C71 AH1 Cr- 27• O71•A ,;O C7({1 qrM Fo@ihìnhs>nxu;t(FerrelvàJenkens,
2ŠzRRV 90 c• C7) ? t† AA( 7(C7 7>C 7)|CH O7oOQ C71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH A7M c1- O,G A7(xJ
67M>CH R1’ OCCH C71 AH1 7rCH CHr-Q O,MCH 67( H(A O,o Cr- Fr Š1’ BB( q|( t† BŸA H(BCH
qr c)|( u1’ BB( q|( t† B+CH 7(C7 O,)?CHV P({1 Cr- Ahoth;y,s?thànhcôngtrongchăn
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c)<CH 7+- O,MCH B({1 6(=C C18( c)<CH BA2 tCH BH- Bs O({J C4CH c( O,1-{C As+ H(BCHRQ
B{1 27• O71•A ,;O F|C qrM 6(xC O7tA qr 7Ÿ 7(,1 t(xO q{ C71 AH1 A7M c1- O,G Cr-V
TheoMcDonaldvàcs.(2002),có4phươngphápcóth,s?d?ngñ,xácñonhnhu
cHunănglư+ngchoduytrì?giasúcnhail@ilà:(1)ðonhi=tlư+ngtr?ctixp(Animal
Calorimetry);(2)ðonhi=tlư+nggiántixpthôngquahôh;p(Indirectcalorimetry);(3)https://drivers.vn/

20

ðonănglư+ngtíchlũyb?ngkLthu:tcânb?ngcarbonnitơ;và(4)ðonănglư+ngtích
lũyb?ngkLthu:tgixtmCsosánh(ComparativeSlaughterTechnique).M?iphương
27A2 O(xC 7rC7 O,5C B{1 A6 C7JCH )1 B(,J qr C7)mA B(,J ,(5CHV E1- C7(5CQ 7H1 7xO AAA
h=th)ngdinhdư<ngñangñư+cs?r?ngrãitrênthxgi|inhưAFRC(1993),NRC(1988,
2001), INRA (1989)... ñ{u d?a vào các thí nghi=m trong bu?ng hô h;p (respiratory
chamber)ñ,xâyd?ngho?cchuOnhóacácb>ngnhucH1 C4CH F)mCH A7M c1- O,G qr 7>C
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O,o 5i0 A•CH O75J 21’ Fr C71 AH1 A7M c1- O,GQ O,MCHkhi?m?ts)h=th)ngkhác(Van
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O,G As+ t† to >C7 7)?CH t?( ,;O C7({1 -x1 OB C7) 67)ilư+ngcơth,,gi)ngho?cki,u
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m As+ t† ? AAA C)|A C7(=O B|( O7;2 7yC O• 2w g 2R’ 7M q|( C71
cHunày?bòônñ|i(Leevàcs.,2003;Odaivàcs., v11SRš C71 AH1 83
m As+ t† F+( i5
(0,409MJME/kgW
0,75
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ñoaphươngThái(0,245MJME/kgW
0,75
).CũngtheoOdaivàcs.(2005),nhucHuMEm
As+ t† s,+7J+CQ O,Ž1Q t† Bo+ 27)yCH E7A( A7  t•CH z1QR2 qr Sv’ C71 AH1 Cr- ? t†
BuC r7:O t>C qr C71 AH1 83
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lư+ngchoduytrìcsabònhưngdos?thixucácdJli=us?ncótrênbòsJanênm?ts)h=
th)ngdinhdư<ng(ARC,1980)s?d?ngcácgiátroxáA BoC7 O,5C t† A@C 7J+ qr t† O7oO B,
)|A O0C7 C71 AH1 A7M t† 7J+V PB( q|( AAA 7= O7BCH 6hác(NRC,1996)nhucHuñư+cxáchttps://drivers.vn/

21

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O7rC7 A6 60A7 O7)|A Ay O7, 67AA C7+1 C5C O(51 A71OC 4C O0C7 O7uM r3 As+ A7Ž1 μ1 qr
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th,(ñ?cbi=tlàlư+ngproteincơth,)(AgnewvàcsVQ v11kš s(,C(uQ 2ŠŠŠš f+C qr A7VQ
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FrJ 7@C A7x O({J C4CH 7>C 91;O As+ t† 7J+ qr Fm( C71:C As+ A74C C18( t† 7J+V https://drivers.vn/

22

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23

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6718C 67C A7)yCH O,GC7 7m2 OAA q|( 9)yCH N1BA s Q J?th=th)ngdinhdư<ngchobòhttps://drivers.vn/

24

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https://drivers.vn/

25

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26

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àl?Ndp1N (lt3NXN N G4yN i3N GN GyòN
àES N uN 9u uuN 9 w?uN 9 ?czN 9ucuuN
KìNsN1t4yNu?N uN 9uu8uN 9 SuzN 9u z N 9uczkN
N
C?khôstylo 4 0,1346 0,00295 0,1292 0,1406
àEkSN uN 9k8wcN 9 k N 9c??uN 9uuSzN
àEu N uN 9k8ucN 9 cu8N 9kkuuN 9uck N
àEuSN uN 9k?u?N 9 ccuN 9kc?uN 9ukSzN
àES N uN 9kwu N 9 cSuN 9kcucN 9uc kN
KìNsN1t4yNu?N uN 9kz8zN 9 c ?N 9kSk N 9ukzcN
NE
mOÁGơVB
(MJ/kgW
0,75
%NN N
C?khôstylo 4 0,4428 0,0084 0,4182 0,4558
àEkSN uN 9uku?N 9 ku8N 9kukkN 9SukuN
àEu N uN 9uc?cN 9 c?uN 9k8ucN 9uz88N
àEuSN uN 9uSu?N 9 cScN 9kzSwN 9S wuN
àES N uN 9uuSSN 9 kuSN 9kwcuN 9uzz N
KìNsN1t4yNu?N uN 9uuu?N 9 cuuN 9u uzN 9S kzN
NE
mOVơyB
(MJ/kgW
0,75
%NN N
C?khôstylo 4 0,5039 0,0081 0,4811 0,5168
Mean: trung bình; SE: sai sf ca sf trung bình StMTBMgBr 1ggng\r oiThr Nfir CHi0ur 0r oiTi-u-\r oM?hr Cfir /Mi s
(rPgT4Tái
THg04nTg 9g6ng./HgEFGcni/+H:gsU,g51gn6nig78Cnig 9:gnT2gvy2gn6nig78CnigvTHg
ĂCUOLÊMOEB6
mHg,mnTg,TLHgONVgEPQRWHg./gM NOgEPQRQHg
Kxtqu>tínhNEănvào(MJ/ngày),m:tñ?nănglư+ng r3Q C71 AH1 r3
m O0C7 O7uM
xKàNu?z %NqrNniKxNu?z?%Nýaí3NdtJlNFrTNPNF>oNkCzNqrN3A3Ný?NdloNkCu?NkCSNqrNkCwCN
Kxtqu>?b>ng3.8choth;y,cós?saikhácñángk,v{m?tth)ngkê(P<0,05)
v{ NE ăn vào (MJ/ngày), m:t ñ? NE (MJ/kg DM), nhu c)1N i3
mN G?~ăomk%N lyTN
(MJ/kgW
0,75
%Na|3NdslNdl4rNniKxNu?z?%NqrNxKàNu?z %CN(l1TlNl)|CH A71CH Fr r3
ăn vào (MJ/ngày), m:t ñ? NE (MJ/kg DM), nhu cHu NE
mN G?~ăomk%N lyTN
(MJ/kgW
0,75
%Na|3NdslNdl4rNniKxNu?z?%NB1ưNdl;ôNlNălNa|3NdslNdl4rNxKàNu?z %CN
GiátroNEănvào(MJ/ngày),m:tñ?NE(MJ/kgDM),C71 AH1 r3
mNG?~ăomk%NlyTN
(MJ/kgW
0,75
%N a|3N dslN dl4rN niKxN u?z?%N daoN toN Br?hck9 8c?N S9uz8?N 9u ukN qrN
0,38947.CònNEănvào(MJ/ngày),m:tñ?NE(MJ/kg48RQ C71 AH1 r3
mNG?~ăomk%Nhttps://drivers.vn/

40

ưcm“Ep?~lh:
0,75
ÒBqYBĂƯÔBĂÔÌÊBVơyBCìm ÒBĂPBbPB*r?ÀDôƠuÍôòBÍƠìuÍòB ƠCCuRCBxrB
0,4462. M?c dù có s? sai khác ñáng k, v{ m?t th)ngN5B ê? Ơ ÍÒB x{B GàB :B xrÊB
(MJ/ngày),m:tñ?NE(MJ/kgDM),nhucHuNE
m“Ep?~lh&:b“ưcm“Ep?~lh:
0,75
R )|A
ôtư“ôưua“oâ2“Eg?=?b“ó±“2âñ“Eg?=eb8“tưGth“lxô“T1B“ĂƯÔBA?PBÔUBgÔPBgÔAgB*@BYãB
quanh=h?iquituyxntínhb:cnh;tr;tch?tch?(ñ8BĂÔoBkVuƠBkVÍBxrBkVôÒVBB
Bpng3.8.GiátrXNE(MJ/kgngày),m?tñMNE(MJ/gDmÀ[EÀuywÀaÔwÀk? mÀeOuyÀey?]À
aw12Te-faTadZTa6ctT}?–—–•T[3Ttc2T}?–—>•GT
B r 8u+C i3 8(C 8+9
GàOÁGơVB8,~PrhÒBBBB DuB DkƠ RD?B ƠôRkB CRƠmôRB k ƠôìÍB
3r2âñ“Ep?~th±mb“ kú“ kw8úHw
b
B ƠRìDB D ƠuuôB kÍƠkÍÍB
3roâ2“Ep?~lh“.pb“““ kú“ H8g=R
a
B ƠCCmB uƠkDÍB ôƠDììB
3r2âñ“Ep?~lh“.pb“ kú“ H8?úH
b
B ƠCkÍB uƠmmkB RƠCCkB
NE
mroâ2“Ep?~lhBWÒBDuB ƠC Ck?B Ơ Dm B Ơ RuìôB ƠCDkìRB
NE
mr2âñEp?~lhBWÒB DuB ƠCCuRC
b
B Ơ kD B Ơ mô ÍB ƠCu ÍÍB
NE
mroâ2“Ep?~lh:
0,75
ÒB DuB ƠkmìuR
a
B Ơ ìmÍB ƠDììCCB ƠuÍÍmCB
NE
mr2âñ“Ep?~“lh:
0,75
ÒB DuB ƠuuôD
b
B Ơ CCu B Ơkukk B ƠÍCôm B
r<Hnr -lir +Hgr Cicur (HMir HmT2Ar +l+r2ilr Cg^r -MT2r +l+r +gÒN afHN 2gfaN ÀgoeN k+N 2gfaN ÀgoeN lmN ySnN ngYÀ1N 2d\N eWN
P<0,05;Mean:trungbình;SE:saisfcasftrungbbTHr0rMCMTBMgBr1ggng\roiThrNfirCHi0ur0roiTi-u-\roM?WNnYHN
/Mr0roM?i-u-\r)ilrCg^rCguT2rRbTHr+,Mr+ZT2r-UCr+HgrCicur-MT2r+Hhr+lirvHl+rTHMur.MirvHl+r/lT2rCiTr+J9rr-SnN
ngYÀ1N2dWNój,@,CDN
Wñ?tho3.4,quanh=giJaNEănvào(MJ/ngày)ư|côtư“ôưua“oâ2“Eg?=?b“ó±“
ôưua“2âñ“Eg?=eb“v±“ê,th“T1ct“ưI“ư?(“T1(“ô1mxt“ôtư“t:A C7;O q|( K
2
BL;ĂBYUÊ?B ƠììkRVBQB
ñ?tho3.5,quanh=giJaNE
m“Ep?~lh&:b“G+)“ôtư“ôưua“oâ2“Eg?=?b“ó±“ôưua“2âñ“
Eg?=eb“v±“ê,th“T1ct“ưI“ư?(“T1(“ô1mxt“ôtư“D:)“tưAô“q|( K
2
r;tcao:0,9929.Còn?ñ?tho
kVwQ N1+C 7= H(J+ H(J+ r3
m“Ep?~lh:
0,75
b“G+)“ôtư“ôưua“oâ2“Eg?=?b“ó±“ôưua“2âñ“
Eg?=eb“)jth“v±“ê,th“T1ct“ưI“ư?(“T1(“ô1mxt“ôtư“D:)“C7;O q|( K
2
BL;ĂBYUÊ?B ƠììCkVBGÔB
x2h?BMÃYBR?BÔUBÔ5BĂÔFPBÁGơVBxrBVơyBNÔAYBÔUnBÔH A6 O7, A71-,C BC( A7M C7+1V
S?saikhácñángk,v{NEănvào(MJ/ngày),m:tñ?r3Q C71 AH1 r3
m O0C7
ôưua“2âñ“Eg?=eb“ó±“oâ2“Eg?=?b“v±“ôAô“mx1“Dx(“óũ“ưcih=th)ngñư+cxâyd?ngtrêncơ
7? AAA7 O(x2 A:C 67AA C7+1 B¤A t(=O Fr AAA7 O0C7 6
m(xemphHnphươngphápnghiênhttps://drivers.vn/

41

YbnÒVBEnhBÔ5ƠBNxĂBin0BĂƯÔBA?PBÔUBgÔPBgÔAgBl@icóquanh=h?iquituyxntính
A2YBÔ;ĂBL;ĂBYÔÃĂBYÔ?BĨ8BĂÔoBkVuƠBkVÍBxrBkVôÒBYÔÊBO7;- 7+( 27)yCH 27A2 A6 O7, 7MAC BC(
d?dàng.
fBGàOÁGơVÒB8,~PrhÒB?B ƠmuôôVBTBGàOVơyÒB8,~PrhÒB?B
ƠôRkìòBơ
2
B?B ƠììkRòBêB?B Ơ C
10
15
20
25
30
35
15 20 25 30 35 40
NEARC(MJ/ngày)
N E IN R A (M J/n g ày )
fBGàOÁGơVBRnhBĂL.ÒB8,~NPBS'ÒB?B ƠmR RVBTBGàO
VơyBRnhBĂL.ÒB8,~NPBS'ÒBB?B Ơ kòBơ
2
B?B ƠììDìƠBêB
?B Ơ C
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15
NEARCduytrì(MJ/kgBW)
NEINRAduytrì(MJ/kgBW)
B
ðgthX3.4.Hgiquigi?aNEănvào
}J€•123/•TJoaTeI1-Te-•]Ta6ctT}?–—–•T[3T
e-•]0$!90}?–—>•0
ðgthX3.5.Hgiquigi?aNE mÀ}m???p+rÀ
JoaTeI1-Te-•]Ta6ctT}?–—–•T[3Te-•]Ttc2T
}?–—>•0
Y(NEINRA)(MJ/BW
0,75
ÒB?B ƠmôCkVB
X(NEARC)(MJ/kgBW
0,75
ÒB?B
Ơ ÍDòBơ
2
B?B ƠììCkòBêB?B Ơ C
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55
NEARCduytrì(MJ/kgBW
0,75
)
GàO
ÁGơVBRnhBĂL.B
(MJ/kgBW
0,75
)
B
ðgthX3.6.Hgiquigi?aNE
mÀ}m???p?
0,75
•TJoaTeI1-Te-•]Ta6ctT}?–—–•T[3TT
e-•]0$!90}?–—>•0
0
mG<GTe8PgT,+@6T
S?saikhácñángk,v{DE,ME(MJ/kgngày),h=s)t(51 76+ C4CH F)mCHQ D3Q
DE,ME(MJ/kgDMthtcăn)vànhucHuME
m BM O,ŸA O(x2 q|( tMJt A+FM,(JuOu, qr
tínhtheocôngthtccsaINRA(1989)làt;tyxub?ivìh=th)ngINRAñư+cxâyd?nghttps://drivers.vn/

42

ĂL5BYBs1BYAYBĂÔbYB:BxrBPUBs±YBYÔ?nB?nB5BYUÊBÔyC AAA H(A O,o BM O,ŸA O(x2 O,5C
bombcalorimeter.Tuynhiên,kxtqu>tínhb?nghai27)yCH 27A2 F@( A6 N1+C 7= 7—(
quituyxntínhb:cnh;tr;tch?tch?(ñ?tho3.1;3Vv qr kVkR A7M O7;- 7+( 27)yCH 27A2
YãBĂÔ,BÔÊABĨCBR;BRrPBxrBYAYBYBs1BRưB*5nBĨ?BYãBt?trư|ctínhtheoh=th)ngcsa
INRAnênñư+chi=uch?nhtheoBombcalorimeter.
r71 AH1 C4CH F)mCH O,+M BC( A7M c1- O,G 83
m/kgW
0,75
ư|ctínht?s)li=ubomb
A+FM,(JuOu, Fr 1QSŠu O7;2 7yC 83
m/kgW
0,75
BĂƯÔBĂÔÌÊBÁGơV?B ƠôôuuBê? Ơ CÒVBP{nB
Cr- A6 O7, B)mA H(>( O70A7 Fr cM F)mCH 83 4C qrM )|A O0C7 O7uM 27)yCH 27A2 nrK3
Eg?=?b“)ca“ưăt“9Rth“l0“ơa“ó+(“3ưGăth“3ưR3“9a“ô?)“ô(x3“ô?“DaD“)cva(uôu“E=8=R“
8“~CHr- 7M q|( RQŠ2 8“~CHr-RV E1- C7(5CQ C71 AH1 83
m/kgW
0,75
O0C7 O,5C tMJt
YU*ÊLMÌĂÌLBsAĂBxqBYAYBPÔ5BYbnBPũBĨ?hBS0PBkVŠRV E,MCH 67( H(A O,o C71 AH1 C4CH
F)mCH O,+M BC( A7M c1- O,G 83
m/kgW
0,75
tínht?s)li=ubombcalorimetertrongnghiên
At1 Cr- Fr 1QSŠu 8“~6Hh
ƠRÍB
ĂÔ.BPABĂLoBrhBĂƯÔBA.ÔBin?BĂÔÌÊBÔ{nBĂAYBP0B8ÊÌBxrB
A7VQ 2ŠR1Q 9+C 37 qr A7VQ 2ŠR1š 9+C 37Q 2ŠRSš YC7.M,O7 qr A7VQ 2ŠŠuš f+C qr A7VQ
2ŠŠR+š 3HCu. +Cc ru.tMFcQ v11vR Fr 1QSR 8“~6Hh
0,75
,daoñ?ngt?0,49ñxn0,67MJ
ME
m/kgW
0,75
“E&Bth“fV?bV“
Bpng3.9.Tómt?tnhuc?unănglư_ngtraoñvichodwCÀes9À}m? m)kbòñangv?ts?acda
8QeÀsMÀe`aÀpqĩÀs?ÀÊòupÀSyJRupÀSy`SÀyÌqÀ|wqÀ[EÀa`aÀsMÀ^qnwÀesÍ]À\ũqÀuyqneÀ
Ngu?ntàili=u n
sFBA?Ò
B
Thtcănthô H?iqui ME mB
(MJ/kgW
0,75
ÒB8Mu  qr A7VQ 2ŠR1 kS1 F1Au,CQ A˜ 678 EE 1QS2
9+C 37  qr A7VQ 2ŠR1 2Šz /˜ 678Q O7tA 4C s A71+ EE ƠuìB
9+C 37Q 2ŠRS 22uz r7({1 FM@( EE 1QuŠ
YC7.M,O7  qr A7VQ 2ŠŠu 21z /˜ qr O7tA 4C s A71+ EE ƠôuB
i+-+7+6+  qr A7VQ 2ŠŠS Sk /˜ 678Q O7tA 4C s A71+ EEB ƠÍìB
fUBBxrBYsVƠBCììR?B DDCB yWBrBYÔnUB EEB~Py B ƠôRB
VPÌuBURBGÌuAÊ*RƠBD DB ?BCÍ Br7({1 FM@( EE ~P/ B ƠôDB
Trungbình(Mean) 0,57
F?“vI)ư“)ư1qt“Ei.b“ “ “ “ e8eRH“
Lq@Nnex:ÀNnGÀg\NL<@NCoNagHmeNhttps://drivers.vn/

43

D(A O,o 83
mB ĂLnPB A.ÔB Ă/B YAYB PÔ5B YbnB PũB Ĩ?hB ĩsuÊLĂÔB xrBYsVƠB CììuòB
i+-+7+6+ qr A7VQ 2ŠŠSš f+C qr A7VQ 2ŠŠR+R A+M 7yC vz ’ 7M q|( AAA H(A O,o A6 B)mA 7+(
MB:MBĂLqYBĨ?hB8ÊÌBxrBYsVƠBCìR òB6UBàsBxrBYsVQ 2ŠR1š 9+C 37Q 2ŠRSRV r4J
D ƠBVPÌuBxrBfUBĨ?BÌMB?ĂB*@BYAYBĂÔƯBPÔ5MBĂLaoñCinhi=t?bòv?tsJat?năm
1976v|itCngs)42nghiênctu(hơn1500s)li=ucáBĂÔ,BPUBs±YÒBxrBĨ?BĂÔ;hBPABĂLoB
O,1CH tGC7 83
m O0C7 B)mA Fr 1Qwv 8“~6Hh
0,75
V D(A O,o Cr- A+M 7yC vR’ 7M q|( H(A O,o
csaVanEs(1975)vàcũngcaohơn27%sov|igiátrotínht?ARC(1990).
fUBxrBYsVBCììRAÒBĨ?BPÔ5BYbnBĂL5BYBs1BsFB*5nBYrUBDDCBA?BsưUB*rMBĂÔƯB
CH7(=J O,MCH t1—CH 78 7;2 O@( 9(=C CH7(5C At1 C8CH CH7(=2 s–A 3(FuC qr A7M O7;-
ME
MBtínhñư+cñư+chi=uch?nhv{cânb?ngnănglư+ng=0,daoñ?ngt?:0,610,75
MJ/kgW
0,75
Q O,1CH tGC7 1QwR 8“~6Hh
0,75
Q H(A O,o Cr- A+M 7yC u1’ H(A O,o 1Quz
MJ/kgW
0,75
csaARC(1990).
Kirkland
À
ÀxrBDÊLRÊBCìììÒBgÔ?BĂƯYÔBÔ8BinBsFB*5nBĂ/BkôBĂÔínghi=mcânb?ng
:PB*KPBĂLÊPBAn8PBÔHBÔ;gBxqBA?BðBYÔÊB:BNÔOn 27HC ,yJ F•+ JG qr O7tA 4C
tinh theo t? l=: 0,18/0,82 (tính theo ch;t khô) th;hB 8à
MBRUÊB Ĩ7PB Ă/?B Ơô B OB ƠôDB
MJ/kgW
0,75
Q O,1CH tGC7 1Qw2 8“~6Hh
0,75
Q A+M 7yC vR’ H(A O,o 1Quz 8“~6Hh
0,75
BYrUB
ARC(1990).DawsonvàSteen(1998)v|itCngs)75thínghi=mtrên23bòñ?cthixn
laiCharolais,16bòñ?cthixnlaiSimmental,36bòñ?cthixnlaiAngus(450628kg)
ĂÔ;h?B8à
mB*rB ƠôCuB8,~NP'
0,75
,giátronàycaohơn34%giátrocsaAFRC(1990).
D(A O,o 83
mcaohơntrư|ckiaph>nánhs?khácbi=tv{khOuphHC AvCH C7) q{
A0BĂÔ?BA?BsưUBÔ5BUhBsÊBxqBĂLqYBNUVBELÊPBÔUBĂÔ2gBN?BinUBĨ?BYãBÔưPBĂxBA7B
RBĂLnh{BCBA2ĂB1BA?BsưUByÊ##ÌhƠBCììDÒƠB:PBsn;ĂBsưUBYrUBA?BÔXBRBĂLnh{BĨ?BĂ:PB
ôDBNPBsưU~YÔnBN?~:MBVPÌuBxrBYsVƠBCììmÒVBDABĂLoBME
m A+M 7yC O,MCH AAA CH7(5C
YbnBPũBĨ?hBY?BYãBĂÔ,B*rBRÊBĂ?B*5BgÔũBgLÊĂÌBĂLÊPBNÔFB*KPBsFPBYUÊBÔVBS?BsưUB
A6 O({J C4CH c( O,1-{C O0C7 O,@CH C4CH 71;O 7J+ A+MBYãB*qgBM4B*PBMWPBÔBA?BsưUB
năngsu;ttrungbìnhvàth;p(Ferrisvàcs.,1999).B
E,MCH CH7(5C At1 As+ A7•CH O8(Q C71 AH1 r3
MBO0C7 O7uM A8CH O7tA As+ 3K/
(1980)caohơnsov|igiátrotínhtheoINRA(1989) Fr cM F)mCH r3 4C qrM O0C7 O7uM
côngthtccsaINRA(1989)th;phơnlư+ngNEănvàoư|ctínhtheoNRC(1980).Giáhttps://drivers.vn/

44

ĂLoBGà
m“Ep?~“lh:
0,75
R O,MCH CH7(5C At1 As+ A7•CH O8( A+M 7yC AAA 6xO N10BYrUBYAYBÔ5B
ĂÔFPBĂLqYBĨ?hBÔPBĂPBĨPBxqBYAYBNxĂBin0BPũBĨ?hVBEÔÌÊBVơyBCìì ÒBPABĂLoB
NE
mBPũBA?PB ƠkÍƠBY?B8ÊÌBxrBYsVƠBCìRDÒBxrB6UBàsBC978)t?r;tnhi{ub?s)li=u
BM O,+M BC( C7(=O OGJ O7;- H(A O,o r3
MBtươngBtCH Fr 1Qk1S qr 1QvŠk 8“~6Hh
0,75
VBB
ĩupÀmì?>ìÀk?8ÀaĂÍÀt;Àa`qÀs?ÍÀay]ÀLuÀ?y=wÀSyÔuÀaRÀs3À^EÀa?À?y6À
Ngu?ntàili=u MND Kh)ilư+ng
Elhb“
%BEVBĂÔHB¾ê
B 5i0
(MJ/kgW
0,75
ÒBs(,J(uQ2ŠŠŠ 41- O,G SR2 2Q11 1Qu1z
s(,J(uQ2ŠŠŠ 41- O,G SSR 1Q2u 1Qkzv
s(,J(uQ2ŠŠŠ v FHC c1- O,GB ôCuB CƠ B ƠuCuB
s(,J(uQ2ŠŠŠ v FHC c1- O,GB ôCkB ƠCuB ƠuC B
f+C qr A7VQ 2ŠŠRt DHC c1- O,G S12 2Q11 1QuSu
S?B
AA(
sưUB
f+C qr A7VQ 2ŠŠRt DHC c1- O,G SS1 1Qz1 1QuSv
rnrN;rCHOro6hr8H5TrCgy-rCHJ+ryTrCHOrCgnT2rvHTur8H5T\roethr-J+rTuOirB7pT2rCg7_+rvHir/nrCgMnr/3ir/qi4 G
D(A O,o r3
MB Ơk ÍB8,~NP'
0,75
Fr H(A O,o B)mA 7‡ c•CH O,MCH 7= O7BCH r3 As+
NRC t@i B?c mL. W h= th)ng này giá tro trên ñư+c c?CH O75J 21’ A7( 270 C4CH
*KPBYÔÊBYAYBÔÊ@ĂBĨ7PB Ơk ÍB?B Ơk Í~C BC ÒBGK/Q 2ŠzzRV D(A O,o r3
MB ƠDìkB
MJ/kgW
0,75
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57

3l?yNdtroNdlsNolâìNrTNBr?Nñg0N?Nu ?Nñg0%N?NkS89wwN?NkS89ww~u NNòNu %N?N
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58

pr))K*P+c(
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qrNăl”NBaíoNdtyrNýCNBrN/ơoNl?NR1Nd1TxNdslNF:c1ch?tch?v|ih=s)
?A3KBocrK3/TK_K
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h
Khoi luong kg
FHeat production (Kj/kgKLTD)
500450400350300
410
400
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
S 13.7270
R-Sq 62.8%
R-Sq(adj) 59.2%
Fitted Line Plot
FHeat production (Kj/kgKLTD) =  871.9 - 2.521 Khoi luong kg
+ 0.002990 Khoi luong kg**2
h
h
KLTD
FHeat production (Kj/kgKLTD)
110100908070
410
400
390
380
370
360
350
340
330
320
S 13.5834
R-Sq 63.6%
R-Sq(adj) 60.1%
Fitted Line Plot
FHeat production (Kj/kgKLTD) =  1234 - 19.28 KLTD
+ 0.1040 KLTD**2
h
ñõheTúh<JPJh0vO1hTnhôR?Oh”ưoh
(KJ/kgW
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h23h?TGRh.QW1ôh}?ôh

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Khoi luong kg
Heat production/day
500450400350300
37500
35000
32500
30000
27500
25000
S 1526.47
R-Sq 84.3%
R-Sq(adj) 83.5%
Fitted Line Plot
Heat production/day =  12419 + 48.14 Khoi luong kg
h
h
KLTD
Heat production/day
110100908070
37500
35000
32500
30000
27500
25000
S 1567.81
R-Sq 83.4%
R-Sq(adj) 82.6%
Fitted Line Plot
Heat production/day =  6360 + 283.8 KLTD
h
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59

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60

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61

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86

9G<GTe8PgT,+@6TT
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0,75
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0,75
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0,75
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0,75
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0,75
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87

C4CH 71;O A+M 7yC C7({1 7M q|( k1 C4J O,)|A BŽ- AHC O75J v1’ C4CH F)mCH O,+M BC(
A7M c1- O,GV r71 AH1 83
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?bòcáic@nsJa,khôngch?a.Giátronàycaohơngiátroñangñư+cs?https://drivers.vn/

88

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67M>CH O,5C 21 g k1’V E1- C7(5C Cx1 7M H(A O,o Cr-v|igiátrocsaNRC(2001)thìcác
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0,75
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B
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Bhttps://drivers.vn/

89

280Q6rT3aaGTe8PgT,+@6T28+6rT
B
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tươngtnglà0,62895(MJ/kgW
0,75
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27A2 67AA C7+1 A6 O7, Fr cM F)mCH 83 4C qrM B)mA O0C7 O• AAA 27)yCH 27A2 B6 67AA
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m B@O B)mA O• BM O,+M BC( C7(=O qr O• O70 https://drivers.vn/

90

CH7(=J C18( c)<CH Fr O)yCH B)yCH C7+1V P({1 Cr- A6 dl,NBrN/rNoyN7?3NPNdlsNolâìN
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qG BB( O)mCH CH7(5C At1 ? O70 CH7(=J CHMr( 7>C 91;ONBrNF?N3ANýyoNq?dN7Qy9NdtroNălN
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91

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46. National Research Council (NRC), 2001.Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle(7th
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47. National Research Council (NRC), 1996. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle (4th
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48. cô(atcv“âuơuc)ư“ña1t)(v“Eâñb8“g??wV“1ô(utô“uT1(rementofdairycattle(4thRevised
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Luận án Nghiên cứu xác định nhu cầu năng lượng cho duy trì của bò sữa lai ¾ hf ở các mức khối lượng khác nhau

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Luận án Nghiên cứu xác định nhu cầu năng lượng cho duy trì của bò sữa lai ¾ hf ở các mức khối lượng khác nhau

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