Maintaining patent airway

this topic deals with how to maintain a patent airway, various signs of airway obstruction

1. MAINTAINING PATENT AIRWAY BY MR . M. Sivanandha R eddy

2. MAINTAINING PATENT AIRWAY Airway is called patent whenever  there is an open pathway between a patient’s lungs and the outside world . An airway obstruction is a blockage in the airway. It may partially or totally prevent air from getting into your lungs.

3. Causes Of Airway Obstruction Foreign Body Inhalations Allergic/ Anaphylactic Reactions Respiratory Tract Infections- Diphtheria, Tracheitis , Epiglottitis Trauma- Burns, Steam Inhalations, Penetrating Injuries Altered Consciousness- Head Injuries, Alcohol& Drug Overdose, Cardio Respiratory Arrest.

4. How The Airway Is Maintained Patent? Coughing is the main mechanism for clearing the airway. The cough may be ineffective in disease states such as pain from surgical incisions/trauma, respiratory muscle fatigue, or neuromuscular weakness. Other mechanisms that exist in the lower bronchioles and alveoli to maintain the airway include the muco-ciliary system & macrophages

5. Signs Of Airway Obstruction: Abnormal breath sounds Changes in respiratory rate or depth Cough Hypoxemia Cyanosis Dyspnea Chest wheezing  Tachycardia

6. Interventions To Maintain Patent Airway Assist patient in performing deep breathing and coughing exercises . Instruct patient in the following: Optimal positioning ( sitting position ) Use of pillow or hand splints when coughing Use of abdominal muscles for more forceful cough Use of Incentive Spirometry Importance of ambulation and frequent position changes

7. ….Interventions To Maintain Patent Airway  If cough is ineffective use Suctioning as needed to remove sputum and mucus plugs. Encourage adequate intake of fluids to prevent dehydration. Administer medications (e.g., antibiotics, mucolytic agents, bronchodilators, expectorants ) as ordered Consult respiratory therapist for chest physiotherapy

8. ………Interventions To Maintain Patent Airway Instruct patient how to use prescribed inhalers Provide Steam Inhalation to clear the secretions If the obstruction is not resolved insert artificial airway.

9. Artificial airways Most common invasive air ways are Oropharyngeal airway Naso pharyngeal airway Tracheal intubation. Surgical management: Tracheotomy - is a surgically created opening from the skin of the neck down to the trachea.

10. OPA

11. NPA

12. ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE

13. TRACHEOSTOMY

14. EVERYTHING IS EASY IF U R CRAZY NOTHING IS EASY IF U R LAZY