Maintaining Water Purification Equipment.pptx

Maintaining Water Purification Equipment

1. Water Systems in Hospital

2. Purpose of Water Purification Equipment in Hospitals Water purification equipment in hospitals serves the critical purpose of ensuring that the water used within the healthcare facility is safe, clean, and free from harmful contaminants. The primary goal of water purification systems is to remove impurities, pathogens, chemicals, and other potentially hazardous substances from the water supply. This is essential to: P revent the spread of infections M aintain hygiene standards S afeguard the health of patients, staff and visitors Accuracy of diagnostic t ests Quality of medical e quipment Compliance with regulatory standards

3. Maintaining Water Purification Equipment Proper maintenance of water purification equipment is crucial to ensure its optimal performance and longevity. Regular maintenance tasks may include: Cleaning and Sanitizing : Regular cleaning and sanitization of water purification equipment help prevent the buildup of bacteria, algae, and other contaminants that can compromise water quality. Filter Replacement : Filters in water purification systems need to be replaced periodically to maintain their effectiveness in removing impurities from the water. Monitoring Performance : Regular monitoring of the equipment’s performance through testing water quality ensures that it continues to meet the required standards for purified water.

4. Maintaining Water Purification Equipment … 4. Calibration : Periodic calibration of the equipment helps maintain accuracy in measuring water quality parameters and ensures consistent purification results. 5. Professional Servicing : Engaging qualified technicians for routine servicing and repairs can help address any issues promptly and prevent potential breakdowns.

5. Uses of Treated Water in Hospitals Treated water from water purification systems in hospitals serves various critical purposes, including: Patient Care : Treated water is essential for various medical procedures such as dialysis, wound cleaning, sterilization of medical instruments, and pharmaceutical preparations. Hygiene and Sanitation : Clean water is crucial for maintaining high standards of hygiene in hospitals, including handwashing stations, surgical scrub areas, and general cleaning purposes.

6. Uses of Treated Water in Hospitals… 3. Facility Operations : Treated water is used in HVAC systems, cooling towers, boilers, and other equipment within the hospital for optimal functioning and efficiency. 4. Drinking Water : Purified water is provided for drinking purposes to patients, staff, and visitors to ensure access to safe and clean drinking water at all times. Maintaining water purification equipment in hospitals is vital for ensuring a safe and reliable supply of treated water that meets stringent quality standards necessary for various healthcare applications.

7. Types of water purification equipment Water purification equipment plays a crucial role in ensuring access to clean and safe drinking water. There are various types of water purification equipment available, each utilizing different methods to remove impurities from water. The common types of water purification equipment are distillers, deionizers, Filtration and reverse osmosis systems.

8. 1. Distiller:   Operation:  A distiller works by heating water to create steam, which is then cooled and condensed back into liquid form. This process effectively removes impurities, as most contaminants have higher boiling points than water and are left behind during the distillation process. Principle:  The principle behind distillation is based on the fact that different substances have different boiling points. By heating the water to its boiling point and collecting the steam, impurities are left behind in the original container.

9. 2. Deionizer Operation:  Deionization involves passing water through ion exchange resins that attract and remove charged particles (ions) from the water. This process effectively removes minerals and salts from the water, producing deionized or demineralized water. Principle:  Deionization works on the principle of ion exchange, where ions in the water are exchanged with ions on the resin beads. Cations are exchanged for hydrogen ions, and anions are exchanged for hydroxide ions, resulting in purified water.

10. Fig : Deionizer

11. 3. Reverse Osmosis (RO):   Operation:  Reverse osmosis uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate impurities from water. Pressure is applied to push water through the membrane while leaving contaminants behind, producing clean drinking water. Principle:  The principle of reverse osmosis relies on creating a pressure difference across a semi-permeable membrane to force water molecules through while blocking larger molecules like contaminants. This process effectively removes impurities from the water.

12. Reverse Osmosis (RO)…

13. RO System

14. 4. Filtration Filtration is one of the most common methods used for water purification. It involves passing water through a physical barrier or medium that traps particles and contaminants, leaving behind clean water. There are different types of filtration equipment, such as: Sand Filters : Sand filters operate by passing water through a bed of sand to trap particles and impurities. The principle behind sand filtration is physical straining, where larger particles are unable to pass through the small spaces between the sand grains. Activated Carbon Filters : Activated carbon filters work by adsorption, where contaminants in the water are attracted to the surface of the carbon filter media. This process removes organic compounds, chlorine, and other impurities from the water. Multimedia Filters : Multimedia filters use layers of different media such as sand, anthracite, and garnet to remove particles of varying sizes from the water. The operation involves passing water through these layers to trap impurities effectively. Membrane Filters : Membrane filtration includes technologies like reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF). These filters operate by forcing water through a semi-permeable membrane that blocks contaminants based on size, allowing only pure water molecules to pass through.

15. 5. Demineralization (Ion Exchanger):   Demineralization is a process that removes minerals and salts from water, making it suitable for specific applications such as boiler feedwater or pharmaceutical production. Ion exchange is commonly used in demineralization equipment to replace unwanted ions with more desirable ones. The principle behind ion exchange is the attraction of ions of opposite charge to the resin beads within the ion exchanger. There are two main types of ion exchangers used in demineralization: Cation Exchange Resin : Cation exchange resins remove positively charged ions such as calcium, magnesium, and sodium from water by exchanging them with hydrogen or other positively charged ions. Anion Exchange Resin : Anion exchange resins remove negatively charged ions such as sulfates, nitrates, and chlorides by exchanging them with hydroxide or other negatively charged ions.

16. 5. Demineralization (Ion Exchanger): 

17. Main components of water purification equipment in hospitals: pretreatment Purification Disinfection Storage distribution

18. 1. Pretreatment: Sediment Filters:  These filters are used to remove large particles such as sand, silt, and debris from the water before it undergoes further purification processes. Activated Carbon Filters:  These filters help in removing organic compounds, chlorine, and other impurities that can affect the taste and odor of water. Water Softeners:  Hospitals often use water softeners to remove minerals like calcium and magnesium, which can cause scaling in equipment and pipes.

19. 2. Purification: Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems:  RO systems are commonly used in hospitals to remove contaminants such as bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, and dissolved solids from water. Ultrafiltration (UF) Systems:  UF systems are effective in removing bacteria, viruses, and some larger particles from water. Ion Exchange Systems:  These systems help in removing ions like calcium, magnesium, and heavy metals from water.

20. 3. Disinfection: UV Sterilizers:  UV sterilizers use ultraviolet light to disinfect water by inactivating bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. Chlorination Systems:  Chlorination is a common method used for disinfecting water by killing harmful microorganisms. Ozonation Systems:  Ozone is a powerful disinfectant that can effectively kill bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens in water.

21. 4. Storage: Storage Tanks:  Hospitals use storage tanks to store purified water for future use. These tanks are typically made of stainless steel or other materials that prevent contamination. Pressure Tanks:  Pressure tanks help maintain consistent water pressure throughout the hospital’s plumbing system.

22. 4. Distribution: Distribution Pumps:  Pumps are used to distribute purified water throughout the hospital building efficiently. Distribution Pipes:  Hospitals have a network of distribution pipes that carry purified water to different areas within the facility. Point-of-Use Filters:  In certain areas where additional filtration is required, point-of-use filters may be installed at specific outlets like sinks or showers.

23. Installation of different purification systems Reverse Osmosis (RO) System Installation : Locate a suitable area with access to a cold water line, drainage, and electrical outlet. Mount the RO unit securely to a wall or cabinet. Connect the feed water adapter to the cold water line using a saddle valve or tee fitting. Install the drain saddle for wastewater disposal. Connect the tubing according to the manufacturer’s instructions, ensuring a proper fit and seal. Plug in the RO unit and allow it to fill and flush before using.

24. 2. Ultraviolet (UV) Water Purification System Installation : Choose a location near the point of entry for water into the home or before a specific point of use. Mount the UV chamber securely, ensuring it is positioned correctly for water flow. Connect the inlet and outlet ports, ensuring proper alignment and sealing. Install a pre-filter if required to remove sediment and particles before water enters the UV chamber. Connect the power supply according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Test the system to ensure proper operation.

25. 3. Carbon Filtration System Installation : Determine the appropriate location for installation, typically near the point of entry or point of use. Mount the filter housing securely, ensuring easy access for cartridge replacement. Connect the inlet and outlet ports, ensuring proper alignment and sealing. Install a sediment pre-filter if necessary to remove larger particles. Insert the carbon filter cartridge into the housing, following the manufacturer’s guidelines. Flush the system to remove any air and debris before use.

26. 4. Ion Exchange Water Softener Installation : Choose a location near the water main where it enters the home, typically in the basement or utility room. Connect the water softener to the main water supply line using bypass valves. Install a drain line for wastewater discharge during regeneration cycles. Connect the brine tank to the softener unit, ensuring proper positioning and sealing. Set the regeneration schedule and adjust settings as needed according to water hardness levels. Flush the system and check for leaks before use.

27. 5. Distillation System Installation : Select a location with access to a water source, electrical outlet, and drainage. Set up the distillation unit on a stable surface, ensuring proper ventilation. Connect the unit to the water source and ensure all connections are tight and secure. Plug in the unit and allow it to heat up, following the manufacturer’s instructions. Collect the distilled water in a clean container and discard any initial batches as per the manufacturer’s recommendations. Monitor the system for proper operation and maintenance requirements.

28. Maintenance Procedures: Maintenance procedures are essential for ensuring the smooth functioning and longevity of equipment. They involve a series of regular checks, repairs, and preventive measures aimed at keeping machinery, tools, and other assets in optimal condition. Here’s a breakdown of key maintenance procedures:

29. Regular Inspections:  Scheduled inspections help identify potential issues early on, preventing costly breakdowns and downtime. Inspections can include visual checks, tests, and measurements to assess the condition of equipment. Cleaning and Lubrication:  Keeping equipment clean and well-lubricated is crucial for preventing wear and tear, reducing friction, and maintaining performance. Regular cleaning removes dirt, debris, and contaminants, while proper lubrication ensures smooth operation of moving parts.

30. 3. Replacement of Wear Parts:  Components that are subject to wear, such as belts, filters, and bearings, should be replaced according to manufacturer recommendations or based on wear indicators. Timely replacement prevents unexpected failures and ensures reliable operation. 4. Calibration and Adjustment:  Many types of equipment require periodic calibration and adjustment to maintain accuracy and performance. This may involve fine-tuning settings, aligning components, or recalibrating sensors to ensure proper functionality. 5. Testing and Performance Checks:  Routine testing and performance checks help verify that equipment is operating within specified parameters. This can include functional tests, load tests, and other evaluations to ensure optimal performance and safety.

31. Safety Procedures: Safety procedures are designed to minimize risks, prevent accidents, and create a secure environment for workers and equipment. They encompass a range of protocols, practices, and guidelines aimed at promoting safety awareness and mitigating hazards. Here are key components of safety procedures:

32. Safety Procedures… Risk Assessment:  Before starting any task or operation, it’s essential to conduct a thorough risk assessment to identify potential hazards and assess their severity. This involves evaluating factors such as equipment hazards, environmental conditions, and human factors. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):  Providing and wearing appropriate PPE, such as safety goggles, helmets, f oot protection , respiratory p rotection, gloves and protective clothing is essential for protecting against injuries and hazards specific to the task or environment.

33. Safety Procedures… 3. Training and Education:  Proper training and education are crucial for ensuring that workers understand safety protocols, procedures, and best practices. Training should cover topics such as equipment operation, emergency procedures, and hazard recognition. 4. Emergency Preparedness:  Establishing protocols for responding to emergencies, including fire, chemical spills, and medical incidents, is essential for minimizing harm and ensuring a prompt and effective response. This may include emergency drills, evacuation plans, and access to emergency equipment. 5. Equipment Safety Measures:  Implementing safety features and controls on equipment, such as emergency stop buttons, guards, and interlocks, helps prevent accidents and injuries during operation. Regular maintenance and inspection of safety systems are also critical.