Maintenance Design of flexible pavement by using CBR method

Road reconstruction design

1. TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ( MAGWAY ) Department Of Civil Engineering STUDY ON REHABILITATION AND MAINTENANCE OF KYAUKSE – NHAT KA TAUNG ROAD 1 st SEMINAR 12.7.2024 Presented by Mg Kaung Htet Naing VIC - 66 Superviosr Daw Khaing Thandar Oo

2. OUTLINES OF PRESENTATION INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY SCOPES OF THE STUDY LOCATION OF THE STUDY MAIN CAUSES OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT FAILURES TYPE OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT FAILURES TYPES OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DEFECTS PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE Flow chart DESIGN OF THICKNESS OF PAVEMENT BY CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO (CBR) METHOD FORMULAS OF THIS STUDY DEFLECTION TEST KYAUKSE – NHAT KA TAUNG ROAD CONDITIONS COLLECTED ADT DATA IN 2020 (Shown in extra papers) COLLECTED ADT DATA IN 2024 (Shown in extra papers) COMPARISON OF AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC DATA COLLECTED ADT DATA IN 2024 (30 Days) FUTURE PLAN

3. Flexible pavements are integral components of transportation infrastructure, offering resilience and cost-effectiveness. Their design is crucial for ensuring the longevity and functionality of road networks. This presentation explores the components of flexible pavements, design methodologies, and their maintenance. INTRODUCTION Figure: Flexible pavement layers

4. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Evaluate the performance of flexible pavement along the Kyaukse – Nhat Ka Taung road to understand its behavior under various conditions and loads. Investigate the potential causes of flexible pavement failures, such as high variation in ambient temperature, heavy axle loads, inadequate design procedures, and material deficiencies. Analyze common defects and failures observed in the pavement. Assess the effectiveness of different maintenance strategies, in extending the pavement's service life and ensuring ongoing functionality. Based on the findings, provide recommendations for improving the pavement structure, enhancing stability, addressing deficiencies, and implementing effective maintenance practices.

5. SCOPES OF THE STUDY Investigate the main causes of flexible pavement failures, including variations in ambient temperature, heavy axle loads, limitations in pavement design procedures, inadequate stability, and deficiencies in wearing courses. Explore preventive, corrective, and routine maintenance measures to extend the pavement's lifespan and ensure ongoing functionality. Considerations include cost-effectiveness, surface treatments, repairs, and pavement management system optimization. Determine the thickness of the flexible pavement using the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) method, considering factors like wheel load, contact pressure, and CBR values of subgrade layers. Analyze Average Daily Traffic (ADT) to understand traffic patterns and volume, crucial for pavement design and maintenance decisions.

6. LOCATION OF THE STUDY The study area is Kyaukse – Nhat Ka Taung road in Kyaukse town, Kyaukse Division, Mandalay Region. This road is communicated Kyaukse town to Nhat Ka Taung village. Since 2008, Kyaukse – Nhat Ka Taung road was originally constructed and the constructed pavement width was 5.49m.The total length of this road is 2.683km & Nhat Ka Taung village circuit is 0.535km. In this research, the position of (1.609km – 2.683km) from Kyaukse and Nhat Ka Taung village circuit is designed. Map of study area is shown below .

7. Map of study area Kyaukse – Nhat Ka Taung Road Kyaukse City Bypass Road 1.074km 0.535km

8. Main Causes of Flexible Pavement Failures The main causes of flexible pavement failures are as follows; High variation in ambient temperature, Uncontrolled heavy axel loads, Limitation of pavement design procedures to meet local environmental conditions, Inadequate stability, Inadequate wearing course and Loss of binding action.

9. TYPE OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT FAILURES Common failures include alligator (or) map cracking, consolidation of pavement layers, formation of waves, frost heaving, reflection cracking and etc. Figure: Consolidation of pavement layers Figure: Alligator or map cracking

10. Types of Flexible Pavement Defects Defects include potholes, raveling, rutting, shoving, and various types of cracking. Figure: Potholes Figure: Rutting Figure: Shoving

11. Pavement Maintenance Pavement maintenance aims to extend pavement life through preventive or corrective measures. Preventive maintenance is cost-effective and includes activities like surface treatments. Corrective maintenance addresses existing deficiencies, while routine maintenance ensures ongoing system functionality. A balanced maintenance approach includes preventive measures and the capacity for repairs. Pavement management systems help optimize maintenance strategies and ensure cost-effectiveness.

12. Flow chart Kyaukse – Nhat Ka Taung Road in Kyaukse Town, Kyaukse Division, Mandalay Region ADT d ata collection from Kyaukse – Nhat Ka Taung Road Rehabilitation of Original Design Calculation of ADT CBR value of sub-base course CBR value of soil subgrade   Existing thickness of surface Calculation of CBR method Result of Thickness for New Construction Design

13. Design of thickness of pavement by California bearing ratio (CBR) Method Flexible pavement design by CBR method is used to determine the total thickness of pavement. Generally, there are two methods to design the pavement from CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value. They are 1. CBR method recommended by California state of highways 2. CBR method recommended by IRC (India road congress) Note: this study is focusing on CBR method recommended by IRC.

14. continued CBR test is performed in construction materials laboratories to evaluate the strength of soil subgrades and base course materials. Those who design highways, airport runways and taxiways, parking lots, and other pavements rely on CBR test values when selecting pavement and base thickness. CBR is the ratio expressed in the percentage of force per unit area required to penetrate a soil mass with a standard circular plunger of 50mm diameter at the rate of 1.25mm/min to that required for corresponding penetration of 2.5 and 5mm. When the ratio at 5mm is consistently higher than that at 2.5mm, the ratio at 5mm is used. IRC has recommended a CBR design chart for use in India. IRC has also recommended some points on using the CBR method of design which are listed as follows. The CBR test should be performed on remoulade soils in the lab only The subgrade soil should be compacted according to Proctor’s method at optimum moisture content For the construction of flexible pavement in heavy rainfall zone, the soil specimen must be soaked in water before testing The top 50 cm of the subgrade should be compacted to at least 95% of proctor density

15. Formulas of this study Where, P = Wheel load in kg p = Contact pressure (or) Tire pressure in kg/cm 2 CBR = California Bearing Ratio value in percent T = Total thickness in cm   Total thickness of flexible pavement by using CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO (CBR) METHOD .

16. Thickness of = Total - thickness above Compacted soil layer thickness compacted soil Surface layer Base layer Sub-base layer Compacted soil layer Subgrade layer T 2 T 1 Table: Thickness of pavement layers Load (or pressure) sustained by the specimen at 2.5 (or) 5.0 mm penetration CBR (%) = x 100 Standard Load (or pressure) sustained by the specimen at 2.5 (or) 5.0 mm penetration T continued

17. No: of days Traffic Volume Day 1 x 1 Day 2 x 2 Day n x n AADT = n = 365 – 366 ADT = n = 7 – 14   Table: Average Daily Traffic (ADT) Continued The Average Daily Traffic (ADT), also referred to as mean daily traffic, is the average number of vehicles that travel through a specific point of a road over a short duration time period (often 7 days or less).

18. Deflection test The deflection test typically refers to a procedure used to measure the amount of deflection or deformation in a material, structure, or component when subjected to a load or force. This test is crucial in engineering and materials science to understand the behavior of materials under stress and to ensure structural integrity in various applications.

19. Location (km) Dial Gauge Reading (mm) (0.01) Uncorrected Deflection (mm) Road Temperature (◦C) Corrected Deflection (mm) Remarks max final 1.609 - 1.810 30 6 0.66 42.5 0.583   1.810 - 2.011 38 5 0.54 40.1 0.711   2.011 - 2.212 35 2 0.81 39.8 0.637   2.212 -2.413 29 3 0.67 40.4 0.547   2.413 -2.683 36 3 0.59 40.7 0.689   0.000 - 0.201 30 6 0.71 40.9 0.750   0.201 -0.402 35 4 0.69 41.2 0.697   0.402 - 0.535 37 4 0.63 35.3 0.535   Continued Deflection test results of kyaukse – nhat ka taung road

20. Kyaukse – Nhat Ka Taung Road Conditions Figure : A Figure : B

21. Kyaukse – Nhat Ka Taung Road Conditions Figure : C Figure : D

22. Kyaukse – Nhat Ka Taung Road Conditions Figure : F Figure : E

23. COLLECTED ADT DATA IN 2020 (Shown in extra papers)

24. COLLECTED ADT DATA IN 2024 (Shown in extra papers)

25. COMPARISON OF AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC DATA

26. COLLECTED ADT DATA IN 2024 (30 days)

27. To determine traffic volume by using collected average daily traffic (ADT) data in 2024. To collect lab results of soaked CBR value and penetration test in the laboratory at Department of Rural Road Development, Quality Control Section, Nay Pyi Daw . To collect filed data such as Existing pavement survey Test subgrade strength by using DCP (Dynamic Cone Penetrometer) test Test sub-base strength by using CBR (California Bearing Ratio) test To cumulative thickness of flexible pavement by hand calculation To create new construction design from these results

28. Thank you For your Attention