man made disaster presentated by anjinayya.pptx

understanding history of the disaster helps to know what are the consequences will come ,how long time it present in the environment

1. Presented by: A njinayya M.Sc fruit science PRESENTATION ON Man made disaster (chemical and biological disaster) 1

2. BIOLOGICAL DISASTER A biological disaster is the disaster, which causes sickness and fatalities in human beings and animals at mass scale, when they come in contact with biological hazards in the form of living organisms, such as, bacteria, virus, fungi, etc. Destruction of crops and plantation also falls within the ambit of biological disasters. Biological disasters essentially appear in the form of epidemics or.pandemics , which are caused by microorganisms . Different microorganisms cause different types of communicable diseases. The micro-organisms, which cause communicable disease could be categorized as follows: Bacteria virus chlamaydia Toxins

3. Causes and effects Communicable diseases leading to biological disasters often erupt and spread due to poor and unhygienic living conditions of individuals and families within communities. The general living conditions and state of medical services coupled with awareness levels of individuals also determine the vulnerability of individuals and communities to biological hazards . It is very natural, therefore, that affluent communities are less vulnerable to biological hazards as compared to poor communities . some of the Effects we seen still today date

4. Management biological disaster • Create a pool of well-trained medical professionals. • Ensure availability of vaccines and drugs. • Ensure adequate stocks and ready availability of diagnostic re-agents . • Develop an effective network of surveillance system to detect outbreak of epidemics. • Improve skills of medical professionals towards early diagnoses and identification of epidemics . • Improve public awareness to enable people to help the administration and medical authorities in disaster management . • Have a reliable and credible public information system for dissemination of factual information to avoid fear and panic among masses. The analytical study of plague in Surat revealed the need to immediately implement following suggestions to mitigate the disaster. Conceptually the epidemic can be resisted and fought against by : • . Organising mass scale immunisation programme ; • Providing effective and efficient (timely) treatment; • Maintaining high standards of hygiene and sanitation in the communities ; • Preventing spread of disease; • Creating public awareness towards health care. In this regard, following information that includes symptoms and treatment about certain epidemics will prove to be useful.

5. BIOLOGICAL DISASTER: A STUDY OF PLAGUE AT SURAT GUJURAT Surat, one ofthe largest industrial towns of Gujarat was hit by plague epidemic in October 1994. Approximately six hundred people died and about 1/3 ofthe population of the town are believed to have fled mainly due to fear and panic. The epidemic had far reaching economic repercussions too. THIS BACTERIA IS T HE MAIN REASON

6. CHEMICAL DISASTER chemical disaster simply implies a disaster caused by chemical hazards. A chemical disaster being essentially a massive industrial accident involving chemical agents, fits into the basic definition of a disaster, i.e., it needs external help for affected people to cope-up and recover from the effects of such disasters. CHEMICAL DISASTERS: CAUSES AND IMPACTS Causes A Chemical disaster may take place due to anyone or more of the following. An accident or explosion at the production facility of hazardous material. • An accident at the storage facility of hazardous material. An accident during transportation of hazardous material through population centres . Inadequacies in toxic waste management. This results in long-term health effect on communities. Toxic waste can cause environmental pollution as well as ground water pollution. Failures in safety systems of chemical plants. Deliberate sabotage of a manufacturing area or storage facility of a hazardous chemical substance or a sabotage during transportation of such substance. Occurrence of natural disasters, such as, earthquakes, cyclones etc. can also trigger chemical disasters essentially through damage and destruction to chemical industrial units storing or producing hazardous material.

7. ii) Impacts Chemical disasters lead to serious and varied impacts. These can result into explosions and/or fires. The most hazardous impact of a chemical disaster lies in the extreme pollution of air, water and food chain upto life-threatening levels even. The long-term health impairment can even extend to coming generations A chemical disaster may result into one or all of the following . Physical Damage This includes damage or destruction of structure and infrastructure. A transportation accident may damage the means of transport used for transporting hazardous material viz. vehicle, rail etc. Industrial fires, if not contained, may affect large areas . Casualties Chemical disaster may result in large-scale casualties. While quick medical relief is essential to save lives, immediate disposal of dead bodies will also need planning. Environmental Damage Chemical disasters affect the environment because of likely contamination of air, water supply, land, crops, vegetation and animal life. In some cases'certain areas may become uninhabitable for humans and animals. The possibility of mega scale migration/evacuation/resettlement could loom large

8. CHEMICAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT: -PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE Hazard Mapping An accurate information oflocation , type and quantities of hazardous material being stored, used or produced should be known at district and state levels. Hazardous Material Identification The hazardous material should be stored and handled as per laid down norms. These are usually divided into different categories with eachhaving identification mark for packaging and transportation. Inspection of Chemical Plants & Storage Facilities A regular and systematic inspection of chemical plants and storage facilities of hazardous material is important. Most of the chemical disasters can be avoided if laid down norms are followed strictly by all. A common understanding on requirements of safety by government officials and those running industries with hazardous material is essential. Monitoring of Toxic Waste Disposal Disposal of toxic waste by industrial units must be monitored. There have been cases where toxic -, wastes dumped underground have resulted in pollution of sub-soil water. Disposal of toxic waste in rivers and drains, especially passing through populated areas, needs to be stopped in totality . Monitoring Pollution Levels Monitoring of pollution levels gives warning of toxicity in land, water or atmosphere. It can also forewarn the authorities of any unusual and hazardous substance in the environment.

9. Preparation of On-site and Off-site Emergency Management Plans Emergency management plans need to be prepared for on-site and off-site contingencies. On-site contingencies are those where the impact of the accident is localised and it is likely to cause damage or destruction of plant and equipment or injury or loss of life to workers . In off-site emergencies, the impact of the accident is widespread i.e. beyond the premises of a hazardous industrial unit . The chemical disaster management plans should generally include the following aspects: • Awareness among workers and the people likely to be affected . • Procedure for warning . • Immediate action to be taken . • Specific responsibilities of officials and their training . • Plan for casualty evacuation and medical aid. • Fire fighting arrangements. • Command, Control and Communication system . • List of specialists, personnel, and organisations who could provide assistance. • Practice Drills.

10. LESSONS FROM THE PAST: BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY The accident occurred on the night of2-3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide Factory at Bhopal producing pesticides. About 40 tonnes of Methyl Iso - Cynate (MIC) and other toxic gases including Hydrogen Cyanide (HCM) leaked from the plant . The gas affected the residents ofBhopal in a big way . Most affected were those staying in the localities downwind in the vicinity of the plant. About 8000 persons were killed . Health of more than 530,000 persons were severely affected causing multi-system injuries . Thirty-six municipal wards were affected . The toxic gas was absorbed into the blood stream of the people causing lasting and damaging effect to lungs, brain, kidney, reproductive, as well as immune system of victims.

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