Management of stored grain insect pest

Ppt

1. Management of Stored grain insect pest Submitted to- Dr. Swati Mehra Submitted by- Kapil Mahla K2015A18BiV

2. Introduction Losses of stored food grain by diff . Agencies in India Is 10%. In other developing countries losses may extent to 30 to 50 %. The agencies that responsiblefor losses are : Rodents,Insect , mite etc.

3. Management Preventive method of control curative method of control Preventive method of control: Hygiene and Sanitation. Proper stacking. Disinfestation of Storage Containers , structures and stores.

4. Curative methods Ecological Mechanical Physical Cultural Botanical Chemical Biological Engineering

5. Ecological Measures A. Storage temp. B. Grain moisture content C. Availability of moisture

6. Storage temp.

7. Grain moisture content Grain Temp. ° C Moisture 20 ° 30 ° 14% 3 month N/A 13% 9 month 3 month 12% >9 month 9 month Seed deterioration - 12-16%

8. Availability Of Oxygen Reduction in oxygen level affect rep. capacity of insects. Ways to decrease oxygen availability Adding CO2 Adding N2 Adding both N2 & CO2 Creating vaccum .

9. Mechanical Measures Screening Sieving out or screening remove insect attack by removing broken and cracked grain. Screening should be destroyed immediately

10. Grain protection device TNAU Insect Egg Remover TNAU Insect Prob Trap TNAU Insect stack trap UV light trap for godown

11. Insect Prob Trap

12. Physical Control Measure Most of insect die at 55-60 C within 15-20 min. It can be achieved by infra red heaters.

13. 2. Controlled atmosphere It can be achieved by- Adding CO2 (9-10%) Adding N2 Adding both N2 & CO2 Reduce O2 (2-4%) Allow insect to do full metabolic activity.

14. 3. Mixing of inert material Inert materia l desiccate cuticle of insects. Efficacy depends on Size Shape & form Humidity

15. Cultural control Splitting of pulses Parboiling of rice

16. Biological control Plant having toxicity against insect pest – Neem Castor Datura Calatropis Successful e.g. Neem oil @ 1ml/100g of seed control 99% C.chinensis pop . Castor oil is used in cowpea seeds.

17. Chemical control Most widely & most successful Treatment by contact insecticide Treatment by fumigation

18. Contact Insecticide Malathion - Attack CNS. Grain treated with malathion should not be sold for 7 days.   Use on cereal grains. It is not registered for use on oilseeds .

19. Fumigant Methyl bromide -  highly toxic Colourless Odourless Residual effect in the grain and accumulates in the human body. Aluminium phosphide – Excellent penetration capacity.  Very effective against most pests but does affect taste or smell of the fumigated grain. it leaves no residues on the grain, so it can safely be used for food grains. 1 tablet (3g) per metric tonnes .

20. Engineering Control Measures