Manufacture of manufacturing of single superphosphate and triple superphospahte ssp

Introduction * Different Grade of Phosphate Rock * Different Forms of Super Phosphate * Manufacturing Single Superphosphate * Advantages and Use Single Superphosphate * Granular Single Super Phosphate Process & Advantages * Conclusion * Manufacturing Triple Superphosphate * Advantages and Use Triple Superphosphate * Side Effects of using Triple Superphosphate

1. Presentation title:
Presented by: Muhammad Ayyan Khan
MANUFACTURING OF SINGLE
SUPERPHOSPHATE AND
TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPAHTE

2. Contents
3
*Introduction
*Different Grade of Phosphate Rock
*Different Forms of Super Phosphate
*Manufacturing Single Superphosphate
*Advantagesand UseSingle Superphosphate
*Granular Single Super Phosphate Process & Advantages
*Conclusion
*Manufacturing Triple Superphosphate
*Advantages and Use Triple Superphosphate
*Side Effects of using Triple Superphosphate

3. Introduction
*PakistanisgreatlydependentonPhosphaticFertiliser.
*PhosphaterockdepositsofPakistanexistinHazaradivision
locatedatTarnawai;atandatThandiani.
*Itismostessentialforthehealthygrowthofplants.
*
Lab Testing
4

4. Different grades of PhosphateRock
OnthebasisofPercentage(%)Phosphoruspresentinrockphosphate
*InPakistan,BlendablegradeisuseformanufactringofSSP,
GSSPandTSP.
High Grade
(30%)
Blendable Grade
(25-30%)
Low
Grad
e
(10-25%)
5

5. Different Forms of Superphosphate
OnthebasisofComposition&Shape
Single
SuperPhosphate
(SSP)
Granular Single
SuperPhosphat
e (GSSP)
Triple
SuperPhosphate
(TSP)
6

6. 7
Manufacturing of Superphosphate

7. 7
Manufacturing of Superphosphate

8. 7
Single Superphosphate (SSP)
•SingleSuperPhosphate(SSP)istheoldestchemicalfertilizer
manufacturedwithmulti-nutrientasitcontains16-18%P2O5as
primecontentwithadditionalnutrientsof11%Sulphur,21%
CalciumandMineralsinTraces.
•SSPischeaperincostandavailablecomparetootherphosphorus
fertilizerswithoutcompromisingonoverallinputvalue.
•Itismoresuitedforcropslikeoilseeds,pulses,horticulture,
vegetables,sugarcane,paddyetc.
•SingleSuperPhosphate(SSP)fertilizerismainlyusedfor
improvingrootgrowthandchlorophyllsynthesisandthus
improvesproductquality.

9. Preparation of SSP
10

10. Manufacturing of Single
Superphosphate (SSP)
▪Thereactionbetweensulfuricacidand’phosphaterock’(rock
richinthemineralfluorapatite,Ca
5(PO)
3FresultsSingle
Superphosphate(SSP)i.emixtureofGypsumandcalcium
dihydrogenphosphate
.
10

11. Manufacturing of SSP: Process
Description
12
Processisdividedintwoparts:
1.ManuacturingofSulfuricacid
2.ManufacturingofSSP
9

12. 11
Manufacturing of Sulfuric acid

13. 13
Manufacturing of SSP

14. 14

15. 15

16. Uses of SSP
*WherebothP₂O₅andsulfuraredeficient.SSPmaybethe
mosteconomicalwaytomeettheseneeds.
* InDevelopingcountries,wherethedemandisinsufficient
productionofconcentratedPhosphatefertilizer,SSPisthemost
economicalfertilizercanbeusedinthelocalareas.
* SSPisusedasabyproductofsulfuricacid,wheresulfuric
acidcannotbeuseddirectly.
16

17. Advantagesof SSP
*SSPhelpstoimprovingrootgrowth&development.
*SSPimprovesaeration&increasewaterholdingcapacityofsoil.
*Oilcontentofgroundnutorotheroilseedsincrease.
* SSPincreaseresistancepoweroftheplantsagainstattackof
pest&disease.
18 17

18. Preparation of GSSP
19
*ManufacturedSSPcakesarefedtorollerdrum/granulatorwhere
waterissprayed.
*Bythepropertiesofsurfacetension,thepowderSSPconverted
intogranularform.
*Abovesoftgranularparticlesfeededtodryerdrum
havingtemperatureof90-120˚Ctohardenthegranular
particles.
*Granularparticlespassesthroughoversize&undersizescreen
formaintainingsimilarsizeproduct.
*Thenfinalgranulargoesforpacking.

19. Preparation of GSSPFlow sheet
18

20. Advantage of GSSP
21
*Dissolves slowly in the water present in the soil so it is
available to the crops for a longer time.
* GSSP used for standing crops so that the granulate
product rolls down to the plant.
*Used in hilly areas,so that soil erosion decrease.

21. Restrictionsof GSSP
22
•Particlesmaydeteriorateintimesolong-termstorage(>6
months)isnotrecommended.
•DonotmixwithUrea,DAPorproductswithalowcritical
humidityasproductswillreactandbecomegluggy.
•Theportionoffinerparticlesmaycauseproblemssuchas
blockagesandunevenflowinsomeair-seedersdesignedfor
highanalysisproducts.
•Donotstoreinsilos.

22. Conclusion
23
*Theprocessissimple,requiringlittletechnologicalskill
andsmallcapitalinvestment.
*SmallSSP&GSSPplantsareeconomical.
*Highpercentageofutilizationofcapacity.

23. Granular SSP
22

24. Triple Superphosphate (TSP)
•TripleSuperPhosphateisaphosphorusbasedfertilizer.
•Itisproducedbytheactionofconcentratedphosphoricacid
andgroundphosphaterock.
•Itisgenerallyknownascalciumdihydrogenphosphateand
asmonocalciumphosphate.
•ThestructureoftriplesuperphosphateisCa(H
2PO
4)
2.
•Itneedstohaveaminimumchemicalcontentof47%P
2O
5.

25. Manufacturing of (TSP)
TripleSuperphosphateismanufacturedinatwostageprocess.
•First,sulfuricacidisreactedwithphosphaterock,toproduce
phosphoricacid.Gypsumisaby-productofthestage1andis
removed.
•Secondly,thephosphoricacidisreactedwithphosphaterock
resultingintriplesuperphosphate.
•Granulationprocessisapplied.

26. Chemical Reaction involved in
Manufacturing of TSP

27. •Inwet-processphosphoricacid(50to55percentP
2O
5)is
reactedwithgroundphosphaterockinaconemixer.
•Theresultantslurrybeginstosolidifyonaslowmoving
conveyeronroutetothecuringarea.
•Atthepointofdischargefromtheden,thematerialpasses
througharotarymechanicalcutterthatbreaksupthesolidmass.
•TSPproductissenttoastoragepileandcuredfor3to5weeks.
Theproductisthenminedfromthestoragepiletobecrushed,
screened,andshippedinbulk.

28. •GranulationofTSPproducemoreuniformparticleswith
improvedstorageandhandlingproperties.
•MostofthismaterialismadewiththeDorr-Oliverslurry
granulationprocess.
•Inthisprocess,groundphosphaterockorlimestoneisreacted
withphosphoricacidin1or2reactorsinseries.Thephosphoric
acidusedinthisprocessisappreciablylowerinconcentration
(40percentP
2O
5).

29. •Thelowerstrengthacidmaintainstheslurryinafluidstate
duringamixingperiodof1to2hours.
•Asmallside-streamofslurryiscontinuouslyremovedand
distributedontodried,recycledfines,whereitcoatsthegranule
surfacesandbuildsupitssize.

30. •Pugmillsandrotatingdrumgranulatorshavebeenusedinthe
granulationprocess.
•ApugmilliscomposedofaU-shapedtroughcarryingtwin
counter-rotatingshafts,uponwhicharemountedstrongblades
orpaddles.
•Thebladesagitate,shear,andkneadtheliquefiedmixand
transportthematerialalongthetrough.

31. •Thebasicrotarydrumgranulatorconsistsofanopen-ended,
slightlyinclinedrotarycylinder,withretainingringsateach
endandascraperorcuttermountedinsidethedrumshell.
Cont.…….

32. •Arollingbedofdrymaterialismaintainedintheunitwhilethe
slurryisintroducedthroughdistributorpipessetlengthwiseinthe
drumunderthebed.
•Slurry-wettedgranulesarethendischargedontoarotarydryer,
whereexcesswaterisevaporatedandthechemicalreactionis
acceleratedtocompletionbythedryerheat.
•Driedgranulesarethensizedonvibratingscreens.
Cont.…….

33. •Oversizeparticlesarecrushedandrecirculatedtothescreen,and
undersizeparticlesarerecycledtothegranulator.
•Product-sizegranulesarecooledinacountercurrentrotarydrum,
thensenttoastoragepileforcuring.
•Afteracuringperiodof3to5days,granulesareremovedfrom
storage,screened,bagged,andshipped.
Cont.…….

34. Dorr-Oliver process for granular TSP production.

35. Storage and handling
•TSPhasexcellentphysicalqualities.Itstores,handlesand
flowsthroughalltypesofequipmentextremelywell.
•Doesnottakeupmoistureinstorageorinthefield.
•Spreadveryevenly.
•TSPflowssignificantlyquickerthanotherfertilisers,
approximately15to20%fasterthanDAPsocaremustbe
takenincalibration,beforesowing.

36. •Donotmixwithureaasthefertilizerswillreacttogetherand
becomewet.
•Donotstoreinsilos.
Restrictions

37. •Asalowcostsourceofphosphorus,TSPisthemainsubstitutefor
SingleSuperphosphateincroppingblends.
•TheproductisusedmainlyinblendswithDAPandMOP(Muriate
ofpotash,alsoknowaspotassiumchloridecontains60%potash).
•Itisasourceofphosphorusinsituationswherenonitrogenis
required.
•Itisalsousedinhorticulturalblendswherethephosphoruscontent
needsboosting.
AgriculturalUses

38. •Monocalciumphosphateisanimportantingredientinbaking
powder.Theacidicmonocalciumphosphatereactswithanalkaline
componenttoproducecarbondioxide,theleaveningformany
bakedproducts.
•Monocalciumphosphateiscommonlyaddedtoanimaldietsasan
importantmineralsupplementofbothPandCa.
Non-agriculturalUses

39. References
23
*V.Sauchelli;chemistryandtechnologyoffertilizers,
Reinhold,NewYork,1960.
*F.T.Nielsson(Ed.),FertilizerScienceandTechnology,
Vol.5,ManualofFertilizerProcessing,1987