maps of world with description indetails

Maps of WOrld

1. Unit I - MapsUnit I - Maps

2. CartographyCartography

Cartography – science of map-Cartography – science of map-
makingmaking

What makes up parts of a map?What makes up parts of a map?
•Scale, Projection and SymbolScale, Projection and Symbol

3. Map BasicsMap Basics

Scale- the relationship between the length Scale- the relationship between the length
of an object on a map to its length on the of an object on a map to its length on the
landscapelandscape

Small Scale shows a large area – Small Scale shows a large area –
1:250,000 (World Map)1:250,000 (World Map)

Large Scale shows a small area in detail – Large Scale shows a small area in detail –
1:1000 (City Map)1:1000 (City Map)
Small Scale Large Scale
World Map Continent Country Region State City
Neighborhood

4. Symbols on a MapSymbols on a Map

Represent cities, capitals, roads, Represent cities, capitals, roads,
etc…etc…

Point symbols, show individual Point symbols, show individual
features or placesfeatures or places

5. MapsMaps

Maps=flat, while Earth is 3-DMaps=flat, while Earth is 3-D

3D shapes can never truly be 2D3D shapes can never truly be 2D

All maps show distortionAll maps show distortion

The level and area of distortion The level and area of distortion
depends on the type of map useddepends on the type of map used

6. Cylindrical Projection: DISTORTION!

7. Mercator Projection Mercator Projection

Mercator Projection Map = Distortion Mercator Projection Map = Distortion
as you get farther away from the as you get farther away from the
equator! equator!

8. Why use Mercator?Why use Mercator?

Used for navigation along equatorial Used for navigation along equatorial
regions (no distortion at the equator)regions (no distortion at the equator)

Many wall maps are still using this Many wall maps are still using this
projectionprojection

10. Robinson ProjectionRobinson Projection

Provides better balance of size and shape at Provides better balance of size and shape at
higher latitudes higher latitudes

(does not maintain accurate area, shape, (does not maintain accurate area, shape,
distance, or direction…but minimizes errors)distance, or direction…but minimizes errors)

11. ConicConic

Great distortion away from central areaGreat distortion away from central area

12. Planar ProjectionPlanar Projection

Useful for less distortion at the Useful for less distortion at the
POLES!POLES!

13. Map CategoriesMap Categories

The most basic type of maps that The most basic type of maps that
serves a general purpose are called serves a general purpose are called
reference mapsreference maps

Other types of thematic maps are: Other types of thematic maps are:
choropleth, isoline, proportional choropleth, isoline, proportional
symbol, and dotsymbol, and dot

14. ChoroplethChoropleth

Puts data into a spatial Puts data into a spatial
format and is useful format and is useful
for determining for determining
demographic data demographic data
(mortality rates)(mortality rates)

Can be very Can be very
misleading as the misleading as the
variables can be variables can be
changed to manipulate changed to manipulate
the message shown the message shown

15. IsolineIsoline

An An isolineisoline map is a map is a
map with continuous map with continuous
lines joining points lines joining points
of the same
  value
of the same
  value

Usually used to Usually used to
show elevation and show elevation and
weather variablesweather variables

Isolines close Isolines close
together show a together show a
rapid change in the rapid change in the
variable variable

16. Proportional SymbolProportional Symbol

The size of the The size of the
symbol will vary symbol will vary
from place to place from place to place
according in according in
proportion to the proportion to the
quantities the quantities the
symbol represents symbol represents

17. Dot Maps-Dot Maps-A A dot mapdot map uses a uses a dotdot to represent to represent
the number of a variable found within an areathe number of a variable found within an area
Dot maps: use points to show the precise locations Dot maps: use points to show the precise locations
of specific observations or occurrences (crime, of specific observations or occurrences (crime,
births or disease).births or disease).

18. cartograms cartograms – chart and assign data by size.– chart and assign data by size.
Examples: populations, mortality rates, GDPExamples: populations, mortality rates, GDP
Gross Domestic Product

19. Child Mortaility CartogramChild Mortaility Cartogram

20. A Little More StuffA Little More Stuff

Remote Sensing- Acquisition of data Remote Sensing- Acquisition of data
about the earthabout the earth’’s surface using satellites s surface using satellites
and other long range methods and other long range methods

Global Information System (GIS)-Global Information System (GIS)-
Computer system that stores, organizes, Computer system that stores, organizes,
and displays geographic dataand displays geographic data

Global Positioning System (GPS)- Using a Global Positioning System (GPS)- Using a
series of satellites to determine location series of satellites to determine location
on the earths surfaceon the earths surface

21. Mental MapsMental Maps

An individual’s internal, geographic An individual’s internal, geographic
understanding of a place.understanding of a place.

Formed when people perceive information Formed when people perceive information
about their surroundings and then process about their surroundings and then process
that information into a mental image that that information into a mental image that
reflects both the physical environment and reflects both the physical environment and
that individual’s social, cultural, and that individual’s social, cultural, and
psychological framework.psychological framework.

May include hazards – items/places a May include hazards – items/places a
person avoids during their daily routine.person avoids during their daily routine.

22. Location/DistanceLocation/Distance
Geographers use these to establish location and Geographers use these to establish location and
distance:distance:
•Coordinate systemCoordinate system
•Absolute locationAbsolute location
•Longitude and Longitude and
latitudelatitude
•Meridians – Prime Meridians – Prime
MeridianMeridian
•International Date International Date
LineLine
•ParallelsParallels
•SiteSite
•Situation – Relative Situation – Relative
locationlocation
•Absolute distanceAbsolute distance
•Relative distanceRelative distance
•ConnectivityConnectivity
•Time-Space Time-Space
ConvergenceConvergence