MARQUEZ_AGRONOMICBIOFORTIFICATION OF MAJOR GRAINLEGUMES.pptx

Biofortification of Major Grain Legumes

1. BIOFORTIFICATION OF MAJOR GRAIN LEGUMES Chandler Cyus O. Marquez MS Agronomy Agron 215 

2. 02 Refers to any plant from the Fabaceae family that would include its leaves, stems, and pods. A pulse is the edible seed from a legume plant. Significant source of protein dietary fiber, carbohydrates, and dietary minerals Stave off malnutrition in food-deficit regions and reduce diet-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease in food surplus regions LEGUMES https://designer.microsoft.com

3. 02 Grain legumes are Fabaceae plants with dry seeds consumed as food by humans. Grain legumes are legumes harvested for their dry seeds, like beans, lentils, peas, and chickpeas. They are high in protein, fiber, and essential nutrients, making them a key food in vegetarian diets. GRAIN LEGUMES https://designer.microsoft.com

4. 02 Biofortification is the process of increasing the nutritional quality of food crops through agronomic practices, conventional plant breeding, or genetic engineering. WHAT IS BIOFORTIFICATION? https://designer.microsoft.com

5. Mungbean Soybean Peanuts Cowpea 02 BIOFORTIFICATION IN MAJOR GRAIN LEGUMES Pigeon Pea

6. 02 BIOFORTIFICATION OF MUNGBEAN https://designer.microsoft.com

7. Overview of mung bean (Vigna radiata) Mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek ], known as the green gram, is a member of the legume family Key nutritional attributes : High in protein, fiber, vitamins (especially B vitamins), and minerals (iron, magnesium). 02 INTRODUCTION TO MUNGBEAN https://designer.microsoft.com

8. Conventional Breeding Selection and Cross-Breeding: Selecting varieties with high nutrient content and cross-breeding to develop improved cultivars. Mutation Breeding: Inducing mutations to create new varieties with enhanced nutrient profiles. 02 METHODS OF MUNG BEAN BIOFORTIFICATION

9. Agronomic Biofortification Soil Enrichment: Use of mineral fertilizers and soil amendments to increase nutrient availability (e.g., iron and zinc). Foliar Application: Application of nutrient solutions directly onto plant leaves to enhance seed nutrient content. 02 METHODS OF MUNG BEAN BIOFORTIFICATION

10. Genetic Engineering Transgenic Approaches: Introducing genes to enhance synthesis of key nutrients (e.g., vitamins, minerals). Gene Editing: Using techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 to precisely modify genes for improved nutrient content. 02 METHODS OF MUNG BEAN BIOFORTIFICATION

11. Iron : Combat iron deficiency anemia by increasing iron levels. Zinc : Enhance zinc content to support immune function and growth. Vitamin A : Improve beta-carotene levels for vision and immune health. Protein Quality : Increase essential amino acids for better protein quality. 02 NUTRITIONAL TARGETS FOR MUNG BEAN BIOFORTIFICATION https://designer.microsoft.com

12. 02 BIOFORTIFICATION OF SOYBEAN https://designer.microsoft.com

13. Soybeans (Glycine max) are among the most widely cultivated legumes worldwide Nutritional profile: High in protein, essential fatty acids, and micronutrients. 02 INTRODUCTION TO SOYBEANS https://designer.microsoft.com

14. 1. Breeding and Genetic Engineering Developing high-nutrient soybean varieties- Using traditional breeding techniques or genetic engineering to increase specific micronutrients. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) Gene editing technologies: Exploring the use of CRISPR-Cas9 02 Methods of Soybean Biofortification https://designer.microsoft.com

15. Methods of Soybean Biofortification Soil Health management: Organic matter management Soil testing No-till or reduced tillage Nutrient Management: Balanced fertilization Micronutrient application 02 Water Management: Efficient irrigation practices Drainage systems Crop Rotation: Diversification to improve soil health and nutrient availability Agronomic Practices

16. Iron: Addressing iron deficiency and anemia. Zinc: Supporting immune function and cell growth. Vitamin A : Increasing beta-carotene for vision and immune health. Essential Amino Acids : Enhancing protein quality. Omega-3 Fatty Acids : Boosting heart health and reducing inflammation. 02 Nutritional Targets for Soybean Biofortification https://designer.microsoft.com

17. Enhanced Nutritional Value: Addressing deficiencies and improving health. Improved Public Health: Reducing global micronutrient deficiencies. Economic Advantages: Higher market value and demand. Agricultural Sustainability: Better resistance to pests and diseases. Versatility and Integration: Enhancing nutritional content in various products. 02 Benefits of Biofortified Soybeans https://designer.microsoft.com

18. 02 BIOFORTIFICATION OF PEANUTS https://google.com

19. Nutritional Profile: Peanuts are rich in: Protein Healthy fats Vitamins (E, B) Minerals (magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc) Health Benefits: Contributes to growth, development, and immunity; helps manage cholesterol levels. 02 INTRODUCTION TO PEANUTS https://designer.microsoft.com

20. Current Nutritional Challenges 02 Malnutrition in the Philippines: High prevalence of iron and zinc deficiencies. Affects vulnerable populations, including children and pregnant women. Role of Peanuts: As a widely consumed crop, biofortified peanuts can significantly improve dietary intake of essential nutrients.

21. Genetic Improvement Techniques 02 Breeding Approaches: Selection of high-yielding varieties with inherent micronutrient richness. Use of molecular markers to identify desirable traits. Transgenic Techniques: Introduction of genes responsible for enhanced nutrient uptake and storage. Application of omics technologies (genomics, proteomics) to optimize nutrient profiles.

22. Agronomic Biofortification Techniques 02 Foliar Application: Spraying micronutrient solutions directly onto plants for better absorption. Nutripriming : Pre-soaking seeds in nutrient solutions to enhance germination and nutrient uptake. Use of Nano-fertilizers: Improved efficiency in delivering micronutrients to plants.

23. 02 BIOFORTIFICATION OF COWPEA https://designer.microsoft.com

24. Definition: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a legume widely consumed in many developing countries as a staple food. Nutritional Significance: Known for its high protein content, dietary fiber, and essential micronutrients, cowpea plays a crucial role in food security and nutrition. 02 INTRODUCTION TO COWPEA https://designer.microsoft.com

25. Nutritional Profile of Cowpea 02 Protein Content: Approximately 25-30% protein, making it an excellent plant-based protein source. Micronutrients: Rich in iron, zinc, folate, and other essential vitamins and minerals. Dietary Fiber: High fiber content aids digestion and helps prevent chronic diseases.

26. Current Nutritional Challenges 02 Micronutrient Deficiencies: Many populations suffer from hidden hunger, lacking essential vitamins and minerals. Role of Biofortification: Enhancing the micronutrient profile of cowpea can significantly improve nutritional status and food security.

27. Biofortification Strategies 02 Genetic Improvement: Traditional Breeding: Selection of varieties with higher micronutrient levels. Transgenic Approaches: Genetic engineering to enhance nutrient uptake and storage. Agronomic Practices: Soil and Foliar Applications: Use of micronutrient-rich fertilizers to boost nutrient content. Nano-fertilizers: Improve nutrient bioavailability and uptake efficiency.

28. 02 BIOFORTIFICATION OF PIGEON PEA https://osiamart.com/pigeon-pea-tuver-500g-2 https://www.feedipedia.org/node/329

29. a significant legume crop recognized for its resilience and nutritional value. short-lived perennial often grown as an annual. 3 to 10 feet and features slender leaves. Ranks as the sixth most important edible legume globally The seeds are rich in protein (approximately 18.8%), starch (53%), and essential amino acids. 02 INTRODUCTION TO PIGEON PEA https://designer.microsoft.com

30. 02 GENETIC IMPROVEMENTS: Breeding Programs : Developing high-yielding varieties with improved nutritional profiles through conventional breeding and modern biotechnological approaches. Pangenome Analysis: Utilizing genetic diversity within pigeon pea accessions to identify beneficial traits that can be incorporated into breeding programs. Biofortification Strategies

31. 02 Soil and Nutrient Management: Fertilization Practices: Implementing soil testing to determine nutrient deficiencies and applying balanced fertilizers that include micronutrients. I ntercropping Systems: Utilizing pigeon pea in intercropping systems with other crops can improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation

32. 02 Agronomic Practices : Water Management : Employing effective irrigation techniques to combat drought stress, which can adversely affect seed quality and nutrient content.  Crop Rotation : Integrating pigeon pea into crop rotation systems to improve soil health and nutrient availability, thereby potentially increasing the nutrient density of subsequent crops