Maslow's theory of hierarcy of needs with Criticism

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in Psychological Review.
This will be helpful for the students who are studying Organizational Behavior.

1. Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs
PRESENTED BY-THE LEFTOVERS

2. AFIFA
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WASIM
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PROLOY
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SHADMANMEHEDIMARUF
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3. Motivation
The processes that account for an individual’s intensity,
direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
Key Elements
1.Intensity: how hard a person tries
2.Direction: toward beneficial goal
3.Persistence: how long a person tries

4. Needs
Something that is necessary for an organism to live a healthy life
Deficiency would cause a clear negative outcome -deficiency or
death
Can be Objective/Physical or Subjective
Objective needs -food, shelter, sleep
Subjective needs –affection, acceptance, self-esteem

5. Ten Fundamental Human Needs
Protection
Idleness
Creation
Understanding
Participation
Identityfreedom
transcendence
subsistence
affection

6. The needs -Meaning
Need Meaning (having things)
subsistence food, shelter, work
protection social security, health systems, work
affection friendships, family, relationships with
nature
understanding literature, teachers, policies,
educational
participation responsibilities, duties, work, rights
leisure games, parties, peace of mind
creation abilities, skills, work, techniques
identity language, religions, work, customs,
values, norms
freedom equal rights

7. Abraham Maslow
Professor of Psychology
Original thinker
Predecessors focused on the
abnormal and the ill
Maslow focused on positive
qualities of people

8. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
Proposed in his paper –A Theory of Human Motivation, in 1943
Focuses on describing the stages of growth in humans
He studied on exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, etc, rather
than mentally crippled or mentally ill

9. The Hierarchal Model
Being Need
Deficit
Needs

10. Physiological Needs
Mostly, literal requirements for human survival
If not met, the human body cannot function
Metabolic needs –air, water, food, rest
Clothing, shelter –needed by even animals
Could be classified as basic animal needs

11. PhysiologicalNeeds

12. Safety Needs
Once physical needs are met, safety needs take over
Personal including emotional
Health and well-being
Financial, job security
Safety of property against natural disasters, calamities,
wars, etc
Law & order

13. Safety Needs

14. Social Needs
Need to love and be loved
Need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance
Small groups –clubs, office teams, school/college houses
Large groups –political parties, Sports teams, facebook

15. Social Needs

16. Esteem Needs
Need to be respected by others and in turn respect them
Sense of contribution, to feel self-valued, in profession or
hobby
Lower -respect of others, the need for status, recognition,
fame, prestige, and attention
Higher -self-respect, the need for strength, competence,
mastery, self-confidence, independence and freedom

17. Esteem Needs

18. Self Actualization Needs
What a man can be, he must be
Intrinsic growth of what is already in a person
Growth-motivated rather than deficiency-motivated
Cannot normally be reached until other lower order needs
are met
Rarely happens -< 1%
Acceptance of facts, spontaneous, focused on problems
outside self, without prejudice

19. Self Actualization Needs

20. Maslow’s Theory in Marketing/Advertising
PN -wife/child-abuse help-lines, social security benefits,
Samaritans, roadside recovery.
SN-home security products, insurance, life assurance,
schools.
EN-cosmetics, fast cars, home improvements, furniture,
fashion clothes, drinks, lifestyle products and services.

21. Criticisms of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
The needs may not follow a definite hierarchical order. For example, even
if safety need is not satisfied, the social need may emerge.
The need priority model may not apply at all times in all places.
The level of motivation may be permanently lower for some people. For
example, a person suffering from chronic unemployment may remain
satisfied for the rest of his life if only he get enough food.

22. Criticisms of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Pamela B Rutledge while criticizing Maslow’s theory told, “None of these
needs —starting with basic survival are possible without social
connection and collaboration. Without collaboration, there is no survival.
It was not possible to defeat a Woolley Mammoth, build a secure
structure, or care for children while hunting without a team effort. It’s
more true now than then.
(Pamela B Rutledge(Phd) is a famous physiologist)
Other criticisms of Maslow's theory note that his definition of self-
actualization is difficult to test scientifically.

23. Conclusion
The basis of Maslow's motivation theory is that human beings
are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain
lowerfactors need to be satisfied before higher needs can be
satisfied. According to Maslow, there are general types of
needs (physiological, survival, safety, love, and esteem) that
must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly.
He called these needs "deficiency needs." As long as we are
motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving towards
growth, toward self-actualization. Satisfying needs is healthy,
while preventing gratification makes us sick or act evilly.