MASS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM

What is MRTS?
History
Role of Civil Engineers
Why MRTS?
Characteristics of MRTS
Network Design Parameters
Types of MRTS Networks
Types of MRTS
Bus Rapid Transit system
Case Study -1 : Ahmedabad BRTS
Metro Rail Transit System
Case Study-2 : Delhi Metro
Mono Rail Transit System
Light Rail Transport System
Impact
Mass rapid transit, also referred to as public transit, is a passenger transportation service, usually local in scope, that is available to any person who pays a prescribed fare.

It usually operates on specific fixed tracks or with separated and exclusive use of potential common track, according to established schedules along designated routes or lines with specific stops.

It is designed to move large numbers of people at one time.

1. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR

2. “You can't understand a city without using its public transportation system.” – Erol Ozan

3. Contents : What is MRTS? History Role of Civil Engineers Why MRTS? Characteristics of MRTS Network Design Parameters Types of MRTS Networks Types of MRTS Bus Rapid Transit system Case Study -1 : Ahmedabad BRTS Metro Rail Transit System Case Study-2 : Delhi Metro Mono Rail Transit System Light Rail Transport System Impact

4. Mass rapid transit, also referred to as public transit, is a passenger transportation service, usually local in scope, that is available to any person who pays a prescribed fare. It usually operates on specific fixed tracks or with separated and exclusive use of potential common track, according to established schedules along designated routes or lines with specific stops . It is designed to move large numbers of people at one time. WHAT IS MRTS?

5. HISTORY The world’s first mass rapid transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened as a conventional railway in 1863,and now forms a part of the London Underground. The first BRT system in the world was the OC Transportation system in Ottawa, Canada. Among the operational ones, the first monorail transit system was started in Wuppertal and Dresden in Germany in the year 1901. 1984 - The first rapid transit system in India was the Kolkata Metro 2006 - Pune was the first city in India to experiment with a Bus Rapid Transit system 2014 -The Mumbai Monorail, which opened on 2 February 2014 is the first operational monorail in India

6. ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS Civil engineers handle the design, construction and operation of railroads and mass transit systems that use a fixed guideway. To determining horizontal and vertical alignment design, station location and design, and construction cost estimating.

7. Why mrts? They ensure clean, efficient, affordable, effective and safe public transportation system They are flexible, easily accessible, and efficient and also cost effective Meant for transport of large number of passengers at quick intervals. Quick acceleration and maximum speed attained for rapid transport Higher standing capacity as compared to sitting capacity. The average standing time during the journey is less than 20 minutes Comfortable environment either by natural or forced ventilation, control of CO2 along with air conditioning. Frequent service or less waiting time at Railway Station

8. NETWORK DESIGN PARAMETERS

9. TYPES OF MRTS NETWORKS

10. Types of mrts

11. Bus Rapid Transit is a form of customer orientated transit combining stations, vehicles, planning, and intelligent transport systems elements into an integrated system with a unique identity. Bus Rapid Transit typically involves bus-way corridors on segregated lanes–either at-grade or grade separated and modernised bus technology. However, apart from segregated bus ways.

12. BRTS COMMONLY INCLUDES: Rapid boarding and alighting Efficient fare collection Comfortable shelters and stations Clean bus technologies Sophisticated marketing identity Excellence in customer service.

13. Major elements of brts Running ways:

14. Stations :

15. Vehicle:

16. Off-bus fare collection:

17. Intelligent transportation System (ITS):

18. CASE STUDY ON : AHMEDABAD BRTS

19. ABOUT JANMARG Janmarg , also known as Ahmedabad BRTS, is a bus rapid transit system in Ahmedabad , Gujarat, India. It is operated by Ahmedabad Janmarg Limited, a subsidiary of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation and others. It is designed by CEPT University. It was inaugurated in October 2009. The network expanded to 89 kilometres (55 mi) by December 2017 with daily ridership of 3,49,000 passenger. Ahmedabad has a population of more than 6.3 million and an extended population of 7.2 million. It is the sixth largest city and seventh largest metropolitan area of India. Keeping in the view of increasing population and need of expansion of public transport, the bus rapid transport system was envisioned.

20. Completing Network Building River Bridges ‐ Vasana‐Pirana & Wadaj‐Dudheshwar Clearing right of ways & encroachment removal Utility Survey and Integration Building storm water drains & drainage infrastructure PRECURSORS TO BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE

21. System characteristics System Types Closed system – trunk and feeder services selected Open system considered but not selected Running Way Centre Running Curb Running Mixed Traffic Stations Aesthetically designed, accessible level boarding Near side (before intersection) Two buses at each side Far side

22. ANJALI JUNCTION BEFORE JANMARG

23. ANJALI JUNCTION AFTER JANMARG

24. Metro rails are rail-based, mass rapid transit systems that operate on an exclusive right-of-way, which is separated from all modes of transport in an urban area. Most often, the right-of-way is either underground or elevated above street level. These systems generally operate at an average speed of 20–35 km/h, and are characterized by their high capacity (50,000–75,000 passengers per hour, per direction) and high frequency of operation. The capital cost of construction is between 20–30 times that of the Bus Rapid Transit system, depending on whether the metro systems are underground or elevated .

25. CASE STUDY ON: DELHI METRO

26. ABOUT DELHI METRO The Delhi Metro is a metro system serving Delhi and its satellite cities of Faridabad, Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh, Noida and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of India. The Delhi Metro is the largest and busiest metro in India by a considerable margin, and the world's 9th longest metro system in length and 16th largest in ridership Planning for the metro started in 1984 when the Delhi Development Authority and the Urban Arts Commission came up with a proposal for developing a multi-modal transport system for the city. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) was incorporated in May 1995, construction started in 1998, and the first section, on the Red Line, opened in 2002.

27. Transit type Rapid transit / Metro Number of lines 8 color coded lines Number of stations 214 Daily ridership average 2.76 million Annual ridership 1 billion (FY 2016–17) Began operation 24 December 2002; 15 years ago Operator(s) Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (DMRC) Number of vehicles 270 Trains[5] Train length 6/8 coaches [5] Technical System length 296 km (184 mi)[5] Track gauge 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) (Indian gauge; phase 1) 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) (Standard gauge) FEATURES

28. PREPARATION OF CONSTRUCTION 1.Planning Planning the route,locating the stations Selecting the construction methods 2.Geotechnical Investigation Investigating soil structure, soil strength, permeability, groundwater condition etc. Collecting samples/non-destructive tests.   3.Geodesy: Laying out-using coordinate system or reference system Geometrical control  

29. CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY The structural form adopted for the elevated (i.e. viaduct) constructed so far by the DMRC is comprises of Pile foundation –Group of bored piles of dia 1.0,1.2m and 1.5m Required concrete pile cap ,pier and cross heads (Cast in situ/ precast pier heads. Types of pre-concrete pre-stressed concrete Single segmented U block Single Segmental Box Segmental Box Segmental U Full U girder

30. Construction Process: The construction equipments are selected based on the size of the project, the environment of site (built-up area), safety and quality and minimum inconvenience to the general public and existing traffic flow. The major equipments used in this project are gantry cranes, piling rigs, power generators, transit mixers, batching plants, RMs units wheel loaders, stone crushers, launching girders, etc. Building super structure : It is made up of pre-cast segmental technology.

31. Grade of concrete and steel: For construction of various structures the following grades of concrete and steel is used: M-30 : Pile cap and open foundation M-40 : Piers M-45 : All pre-cast elements for Viaduct and stations M-30 : Other Miscellaneous structures HYSD 415 or TMT steel RECC Works High tensile steel strands with configuration 12 T 13 or 19 K 15 for pre-stressing members (Confirming IS: 14268)

32. Design stipulations Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 45 N / mm2 Maximum size of aggregates = 20 mm Degree of workability = Very Good Compaction factor = 0.75 Degree of quality control = Very good Pile integrity test is conducted to assess the condition of the pile Pile Construction Procedure in Brief: P re tube driving, B oring pile hole , Reinforcement cage fabrication , Lowering of cage in to the bore

33. TBM TECHNOLOGY FOR METRO TECHNOLOGY Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) technology is now well accepted in Indian metro rail construction since it inception from phase 1 Delhi metro, different type of TBM are used against different soil condition. Different type for various soil conditions :- Earth pressure machine, slurry machine, hard rock machine, mix shield & road header.

34. Delhi metro rail network

35. A Monorail is a railway in which the track consists of a single rail. Monorails have found applications in airport transfer and medium capacity metros. The first monorail prototype was made in Russia in 1820 by Ivan Elmanov. In other words, It is an elevated railway system with suspended wagons. Unlike Light rail systems, monorails are always separated from other traffic and pedestrians. Modern monorails depend on a large solid beam as the vehicles’ running surface. Rubber tired monorails are typically designed to cope with a 6% grade, while metro lines can cope with similar or greater grades.

36. Tramways or light rail transit (LRT) is a medium capacity mode of mass rapid transport which straddles between the heavy capacity Metro rail and the low capacity bus services. It is a form of rail transit that utilizes equipment and infrastructure that is typically less massive than that used for heavy rail modes i.e. commuter/regional, and metro rail/subway. A few modes such as people movers and personal rapid transit could be considered as even "lighter". LRT may be at grade, partially grade-separated or completely elevated.

37. MRTS & IT’S IMPACT

38. Environmental Impacts Mass transit is believed to be more environmental friendly than other public transport facilities. Private vehicles emit about twice as much carbon monoxide and other volatile organic compounds than public vehicles. Mass transit reduces the number of cars on the road which in turn reduces the pollution caused by individual cars. Social Impacts of Mass Transit All members of the society irrespective of their financial status, religion or cast are able to travel which enhances the social integrity of the country. The necessity of a driving license is also eliminated. It is a blessing for those individuals who are unable to drive.

39. Economic Impacts of Mass Transit Mass transit development can both improve the usefulness and efficiency of the public transit system as well as result in increased business for commercial developments and thus serves to improve the economy of the country. Transit systems also have an indirect positive effect on other businesses. Mass transit systems offer considerable savings in labor, materials, and energy over private transit systems. Also mass transit allows a higher amount of load to be transported to far away destinations in lesser time because of its reasonable capacity than private vehicles. Because of their larger capacity offering them to carry high efficient engines they also help in saving fuels.

40. Other Positive Impacts: Reduces congestion The main idea behind mass transit is to reduce the number of vehicles on the road by providing a larger facility which carries higher number of passengers thus eliminating congestion. Saves Time Mass transit reduces the travel time to a great extent as it moves at high speeds and stops only at specific spots. Cost Effective Mass transit is comparably cheaper than other modes of public transport.

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