MASTER'S SEMINAR.pptx

wild edible fruits of Himalayan Region

1. Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences Course Coordinator: Presented by: Dr. V.M. PRASAD SANGAM (Professor) 21MSHFS083 MS. SHILPA RANA MSc . Ag. Horticulture (Teaching Associate) CREDIT SEMINAR HOFS-780 NAINI AGRICULTURE INSTITUTE(NAI) DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE WILD EDIBLE FRUITS OF HIMALAYAN REGION

2. Master Seminar Topic Wild Edible Fruits Of Himalayan Region

3. Introduction Wild edible plants (WEPs) refer to edible species that are not cultivated or domesticated. WEPs have an important role to play in poverty eradication, security of food availability, diversification of agriculture, generation of income resources, and alleviating malnutrition.

4. I ndian H imalayan R egion The Indian Himalayan Region(IHR) is spreading on 10 states (administrative regions) namely, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand , Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and hill regions of 2 states viz. Assam and West Bengal of Indian Republic.

5. Wild Edible Fruits Fruit is a ripened ovary of flower and may either fleshy or nut. Fruits are generally cultivated as well as wild, cultivated fruits are grown by farmers for economical benefits while wild fruits are  occurring only in their natural environment .

6. Importance of Wild Edible Fruits Mitigating hunger in the developing world . Strong effect on regional food security and poverty alleviation As a sustainable and natural food source in rural areas, these fruits have a strong effect on regional food security and poverty alleviation. Contain greater amounts of vitamins and minerals, antioxidants, and other health-promoting chemical constituents such as essential oils .” Because wild foods haven't been bred to create a uniform crop, they tend to be packed with more nutrition and flavor.

7. Dheu ( Artocarpus lacucha ) Common name : Dheu , Dheun , Lakucha , Lakudi , Monkey Jack Family : Moraceae Elevation : Up to 1200 m Fruiting : June-September Flowering : March-April Life form : Tree Taste: Sweet and sour FACTS: Dheu  leaves are considered best fodder and believed to enhance milk yield in milch cattle . 

8. Medicinal importance Vata-pitta nashak Kaphkarak Aphrodisiac and also improves taste and appetite. The unripe fruit is hot, sweet, sour, causes constipation, impotency, loss of appetite, blood disorders and eye troubles. It is fed to lactating animals and considered one of the most important milk enhancing fodder. Ethnobotanical uses Mostly used as pickles and chutneys The tree bark is chewed like betel nut. Unripe fruits are cooked as vegetable

9. Value Addition of Dheu

10. Kashmal ( Berberis aristata ) Common name : Kashmal , Daruharidra , Tree turmeric , Indian barberry Family : Berberidaceae Elevation : 1600-3000 Life form : Shrub Flowering : March-April Fruiting : May-June Taste: Acidic to sweet taste

11. Medicinal Importance Preparation of rasont ( rasaunt or rasanjana ) which is an extract of root/stem bark. Conjunctivitis (eye disease) wash for bleeding piles, wound healing, ulcers, jaundice and for enlarged liver Gargle for mouth ulcers . Berberine - strenghthen the heartbeat, reduce swelling, cholesterol control Ethnobotanical uses Flower buds are added to the sauces.

12. Value Addition of Kashmal Rasont Dry Kashmal

13. Bael ( Aegle marmelos ) Common name : Bael , Bilpatri , Wood apple Life form: Medium sized tree Flowering : March-April Fruiting : May-June (Next year) Taste: mixture of mango and banana after few seconds refreshing. FACTS: sacred tree in Bhutan where immature girls undergo a ritual called “ Bael kama ” . They get married to bael fruit to ensure fertility in the upcoming years.

14. Medicinal importance Improves digestion Effective remedy for chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. Gastroprotective Antidiabetic Cardioprotective Pungent leaves- Treatment of ophthalmia . Marmelosin derived from the pulp is given as a laxative and diuretic . In large doses, it lowers the rate of respiration, depresses heart action, and causes sleepiness. Ethnobotanical uses Leaves are offered to lord Shiva especially in religious occasions. The fruit pulp has detergent action.

15. Value addition of Bael

16. Simal ( Bombax ceiba ) Common name : Simal , Semul , Simbal , Silk Cotton tree Family : Bombacaceae Elevation : Up to 1200 m Life form : Tree Flowering : December - April Fruiting : May-October Taste: sweet taste with a blend of acid

17. Medicinal importance Young fruits are expectorant, stimulant, diuretic Useful in chronic inflammation, ulceration of bladder and kidneys. Flower- dysentery , diarrhoea , haemoptysis , excessive bleeding Root is astringent, stimulant, tonic Gum is styptic, analgestic , astringent, aphorodisiac Useful in menorrhagia (medical term for  menstrual periods with abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding .) Ethnobotanical uses : Tender fruits tastes like lady finger known as semal bhindi , therefore also cooked as vegetable. Paste is useful in skin infection Seed floss- stuffing material for pillows

18. Value Added Products of Simal Simal fruit Simal cotton Pillows

19. Garna (Carissa spinarum ) Common name : Kharnu , Garna , Karondhu , Conkerberry Elevation : Up to 1500 m Fruiting : June-September Life form : Shrub Family : Apocynaceae Flowering : March-May Taste- sweet and sour Facts: Illegal extraction threatens survival of kashmal herb in himachal pradesh

20.   Medicinal importance warm root decoction- cure lower abdominal pains during pregnancy. The roots of garna plant are ground and applied on the wounds of cattle to kill worms . The fruit is a strong purgative. Its roots are used in combination with the roots of some other medicinal plants to treat rheumatism . Paste of pounded roots serves as a fly repellent. Ethnobotanical uses : bushes of this plant are thorny and are used as an effective fence Rejuvenation of degraded slopes/wastelands

21. Value Added Products of Garna

22. Lasuda ( Cordia dichotoma ) Common name : Lasuda , Salora , Indian cherry Family : Boraginaceae Elevation : Up to 1200 m Life form : Small tree Flowering : March-May Fruiting : July-September Taste:  Tart, tangy and sour flavor.

23. Medicinal importance Treats cough and diseases of the chest, uterus, urethra etc. Laxative properties. The kernels treat ringworms . The decoction of leaves is used in cough and cold. Moistened bark is applied externally on boils, tumours and powder is used to cure mouth ulcers. Ethnobotanical uses : The ripe fruits are edible, highly mucilaginous, sweet and cooling. Tender leaves are also cooked as green vegetable. Leaf ash mixed with honey is recommended for constipation.

24. Kaphal ( Myrica esculenta ) Common name : Kaphal , Kaiphal , Box Myrtle Elevation : 1200-2000 m Family : Myricaceae Life form : Medium sized tree Flowering : February-April Fruiting : May-June   Taste- amazingly sweet Half ripened- sour and sweet

25. Medicinal importance Natural antioxidant . Decoction of bark and leaves- cure asthma, cough and sinusitis. In Ayurveda , it is described as a detoxifier , pain killer and healing herb. Seed oil- Massage oil and to cure ear discharge Kaas-Har Churna , an effective ayurvedic medicine- cure cough and cold. Anti-inflammatory . Miscellaneous uses Fruits collected from forest are sold in the local market and serve as a source of extra income for rural youths. The tree has good potential for avenue plantations.

26. Behmi ( Prunus mira ) Common name : Behmi , Smooth pit peach Family : Rosaceae Elevation : 2000 to 3500 m Life form : Small tree Flowering : March- April Fruiting : August- Sept Taste- mildly sweet flavor   FACTS: Used as rootstock for Almond, peach and plum.

27. Medicinal importance Behmi plant contains amygdalin and prunasin substances which break down in water to form hydrocyanic acid (cyanide or pruccic acid ). In small amount: Stimulates respiration Improves digestion Gives a sense of wellbeing . The fruit contains various phytochemicals Ethnobotanical uses : These are also sun dried and used later for making a hard alcoholic liquor that is quite popular with local tribesmen. Kernal oil is used as hair oil

28. Aakhe ( Rubus ellipticus ) Common name : Aakhe , Acche , Hinure , Hisra , Heer , Hisalu , Yellow Family : Rosaceae Elevation : 800-2400 m Life form : Shrub Flowering : January-April Fruiting : May-June   Taste- Sweet

29. Medicinal importance Plant is astringent and febrifuge. Fruit – used as anti-fertility drugs. The fruit has counteracting effect to toxins E liminates inflammation, relieves pain and arresting haemorrhage . The fruits are rich in malic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid. Roots and young shoots are used in colic pains. Ethnobotanical uses Fruit are sweet in taste, have some acidity and are eaten raw. Nectar is derived from the blossom and it is a valuable honey plant.

30. Bioresources of Nagaland: A Case of Wild Edible Fruits in Khonoma Village Forest 4 Khonoma village located in Kohima district of Nagaland, India is spread over an area of 73 Km2 covering the western most part of the district. It lies between 25̊ 3600 00 to 25̊ 4200 00 N Latitude and 93̊ 5700 00 to 94̊ 3 00 00E Longitude Because of small land holdings and subsistence agriculture, the local people collect many wild edible plants for food. Referred to as Khwiinoria by the local inhabitants.

31. Diversity of Wild Fruits in Korama District The 57 fruits found in the Khonoma community forest belong to 31 families and 38 genera. Rosaceae with 13 species of wild edible fruits was the most dominant, followed by 6 species of Moraceae . In Khonoma as it was reported in China, the family Rosaceae contains a great number of fruit trees and is known to be of economic importance by contributing to people’s livelihoods ( Lingdi et al. 2003). The climatic condition of the village is very suitable for these fruit trees and fruits of Docynia indica are observed to be more robust and plentiful as compared to any other villages in different districts of the state.

32. CASE STUDY

33. Conclusion Indigenous source of nutrients Overpopulation, increasing deforestation and over exploitation have created the danger of extinction of some of the valuable species Wider and sustained acceptance of wild fruits as important dietary supplement must be fostered by appropriate extension services and enhancing nutrition policy Need to develop and expand markets Domesticate fruit trees is however closely linked to Commercial (Leakey and Izac , 1996), economic (cannell,1989) Collaboration between Agroforestry researchers and food scientists is needed. Characterize the products with commercial potential. Need to examine the ways in which they could be utilized.

34. References Ali A and Kaul V. 2011. Seabuckthorn : A valuable resource of the cold desert ( Ladakh ). In: Himalayan Ecology 19, ENVIS Bulletin. Ancolio C, Azas N, Mahiou V, Ollivier E, Di Giorgio C and Keita A. 2002. Antimalarial activity of extracts and alkaloids isolated from six plants used in traditional medicine in Mali and Sao Tome. Phototherapy Research 16: 646-649. Ansari AA and Nand G. 1987. Little known economic plants of Pauri Garhwal India. Indian Journal of Forestry 10: 316-317. Badoni S, Rawat MS and Negi YS. 1994. Nutritional composition of some Berberis species. Indian Journal of Horticulture 1-23. Bisht A and Jain SP. 2006. Review of ethnobotanical studies of genus Rubus ( Rosaceae ) from North-Western Himalayas. Ethnobotany 18(1/2):127-130 Chandra K, Chaudhary BG, Dhar BP, Joseph GVR, Mangal AK and Dabur R. 2007. Database on medicinal plants used in Ayurveda 8: 241-219 Chauhan NS. 1999. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Himachal Pradesh . Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi, India pp. 632 Dhaliwal DS and Sharma M. 1999. Flora of Kullu District ( Himachal Pradesh ). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.

35. Supporting websites www.bimbima.com/herbs/lasora-cordia-dichotoma-medicinal-used-and-health-benefits/11 / www.fruitipedia.com www.flowersofindia.net . www.fruitsinfo.com/date-plum-fruit.php www.mdidea.com/products/proper/proper00302.html www.niscair.res.in. www.theplantlist.org/ Yang B and Kallio H. 2002. Composition and physicological effects of seabuckthorn lipids. Food Science and Technology 13:160-167