Master plan for Solid Waste Management in Mumbai, India

This presentation gives the Master Plan for Solid Waste Management in India. Starting from an overview of the current Solid Waste Management in Mumbai, the financial capital of India, it goes on to details of the Plan. It is backed by robust sustainability assessment. It attempts to guide policy makers, professionals and volunteers in the field, of the possibilities in terms of implementable solutions towards realizing the Vision 2023, as envisaged in the presentation.

1. By Pratima Pandey & Arindam Chakraborty January 11, 2014 Towards completion of ‘Online Course On Solid Waste Management’ UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education Solid Waste Management Master Plan for Mumbai, India Vision 2023

2. Contents of the Presentation

3. Contd.

4. Contd.

5. “ ‘Maximum city’… Minimum Waste Management?”

6. Municipal Solid waste generation: 7000 Tons Per Day (TPD); expected to go upto 10,000 TPD by 2025 c “Municipal solid waste" includes commercial and residential wastes generated in a municipal or notified areas in either solid or semi-solid form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including treated bio-medical wastes” f Chart: Typical Current Waste Composition e Waste in the City…

7. Waste Management in the City… Collection Beat system of sweeping; area assigned to a pair of sweepers g Frequency generally once a day 83% served by community bin collection system and 15% by door to door collection g 35,000 personnel employed and fleet of 800 vehicles h g g

8. Waste Management in the City… Highlights of Informal Recycling: Door-to-door waste collectors, street and dumpsite rag pickers, or the roaming waste dealers j Dharavi slum, one of the largest slums of the world, a ‘recycling hub’ k

9. Master Plan Vision 2023 for Mumbai City “A clean city which focuses on both waste reduction & waste recovery on the strength of collaboration between all major stakeholders, primarily citizens & administration…”

10. Master Plan Limitations Low Community Awareness Non-satisfactory record of law implementation Land a limiting resource Limited finances for costly technology Complicated sharing of finance and land with neighboring municipal corporations Stakeholders NGO –Non-governmental Organisation

11. Master Plan – Waste Collection Increase service coverage to 100% - from current 71% A Door-to-door collection - Current 11% to 23% to 50% in 5 yr span Waste collection in MOST slums (40% of the city’s households) be under coverage Public Awareness campaigns Waste reduction at source Use of collection bins ‘Littering is a punishable offence’ with penalty of $10 from 7 th year onwards Increase ‘segregation at source’ by 20% - to fulfill source composting (8%) & recycling targets (12%) Provision of segregation bins Awareness among public/Municipal Collection personnel/waste pickers Need/ways of remunerable segregation Pivotal role played by waste-pickers Part-time Employment of rag-pickers Punitive action for non-segregation of waste from 7 th year onwards For implementation time frame, please see Table 1

12. Chart 2: Comparison of recommended trends of two modes of service coverage towards goal of 100%

13. Master Plan – Waste Transportation, Processing and Disposal Waste Transportation Design transport routes keeping public convenience in view Arrange modernized, parallel set of vehicles in 5 yr span Smooth transfer of waste from bins to trucks Manual waste handling to be phased out Waste Processing & Disposal Sanitary changes to existing Landfill and urgent diversion of waste reaching and sitting in the landfill Sanitary provisions in KanjurMarg (KM) landfill (60 Hectare area) Phase-out other two dumpsites in scientific way (see Timeframe Table) Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) Plant in 6 Hectare of KM For implementation time frame, please see Table 1

14. Master Plan - Recycling and Recovery Composting (including localized vermi-composting) & Anaerobic digestion (AD) Contracts of MCGM with private sector to supply compost bins at source; buy compost, biogas, digestate Formalizing ‘informal’ recycling Part-time Employment of rag-pickers special provisions for Dharavi slum to encourage recycling efforts Contracts of MCGM with private sector to buy recyclables at market price For implementation time frame, please see Table 1 65% of generated waste is organic 20% of generated waste is recyclable

15. Implementation Timeframe Targets 2013 2018 2023 Daily waste generated (TPD) 7000 8115 9407 Service Coverage 71% 75% 100% Segregation at source (%) 0% 10% 20% Public Awareness campaign ----From 1st to 6th year--- Collected waste (TPD) 5,798 6,412 8,736 On-site composting % 14 % 25 % AD treatment in Mulund % 6 % 6 % Recycling from MBT plant % 10 % 18 % Waste recovered (%) 0% 30% 49% Waste dumped in Landfill 5,798 4,488 4,480 KanjurMarg 2,798 3,488 4,480 Deonar (50% in first 5 years) 2,000 1,000 Closed Mulund 1,000 Closed Closed

16. Social & Environmental Sustainability Assessment Waste Collection Plan Increasing service coverage to 100% a welcome move for society Major relief to slum dwellers Littering penalty generally acceptable to public Waste tax (1%) to be imposed but incentives to be provided to performers Awareness and advertising campaigns to increase acceptance Waste Transportation Plan Convenience for society and good for environment Waste Processing and Disposal Plan Relief to people in vicinity of dumpsites Lowered air, soil and water pollution Land saved by provision of waste diversion from landfill Waste Recycling and Recovery Plan Reduce Green house gas emissions Provision of sanitary compost bins to households & contracts to buy compost and recyclables by MCGM and awareness campaigns to increase acceptance

17. Cost Heads 2013 2018 2023 Collection & Transportation 49 71 116 Processing & Disposal 18 44 46 Recycling and Recovery Costs - 5 10 Provision for Dharavi & advertising campaigns - 12 18 TOTAL COSTS 67 132 190 Financial Sustainability Assessment Revenue Heads 2013 2018 2023 Waste Collection - 12 Recovery revenues 28 69 Waste Tax 0.03 0.034 Revenues collected through property tax, water bill etc 52 69 93 TOTAL REVENUES 52 97 174 All figures in Million US Dollars External benefits not included like reduced expenditure on public health, Air pollution etc

18. to be bridged through financing by World bodies, NGOs, countries etc Chart 3: Comparison of Current and Predicted Costs and Revenues

19. What the Plan stands for? Waste to be treated as resource Public awareness and participation in a big way Collaborative functioning of MCGM Emphasis on implementation of MSW rules, through ‘carrot and stick’ policy for the stakeholders

20. References (in order of appearance) a Mumbai First (2012a) Workshop on Metropolitan Governance and Planning. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://www.mumbaifirst.org/metropolitan/presentation/Transport_Plan_for_MMR_and_Resourse_Generation_Plan_under_Mumbai_Transformation.pdf b Census India (2011a) Mumbai (Greater Mumbai) City Census 2011 data . Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/365-mumbai.html c MCGM. (2013a). Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous?NavigationTarget=navurl://c4b79f15e55f98176905a7c2c7d910ee d Chandramouli , C. (2011). Housing Stocks, Amenities and Assets in Slums - Census 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from censusindia.gov.in/2011-Documents/On_Slums-2011Final.ppt e Mumbai First. (2012b). Solid Waste Management. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from Mumbai First: http://www.mumbaifirst.org/metropolitan/presentation/MCGM.pdf f ” Ministry of Envrionment and Forests India. (2000). MSW Rules 2000. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from envis.mse.ac.in/ lawspdf /SOLID%20WASTE.pdf

21. References g G MCGM. ( n.d .(a)). Solid Waste Management. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM%20Department%20List/City%20Engineer/Deputy%20City%20Engineer%20(Planning%20and%20Design)/City%20Development%20Plan/Solid%20Waste%20Management.pdf h BCPT. ( n.d .). Solid Waste Management in Mumbai. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://www.bcpt.org.in/webadmin/publications/pubimages/solidwaste.pdf i MCGM. (2013b). Functional Elements of SWM in Mumbai . Retrieved December 12, 2013, from MCGM: http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlcleanover j Mahadevia , D., Pharate , B., & Mistry , A. (2005). New Practices of Waste Management - Case of Mumbai. Retrieved November 28, 2013, from http://spcept.ac.in/pdf/New%20Practices%20of%20Waste%20Management%20-%20Case%20of%20Mumbai.pdf k CNN. (2012). The slums of Mumbai: A model of urban sustainability? Retrieved November 21, 2013, from CNN: http://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2012/02/world/interactive.mumbai.slums.sustainability/ 71% service coverage - Combining two sources of information, one indicating a non-collection of 15% of waste ( Ghanekar , 2013); and another arguing that most slums (comprising 40% of city’s households ( Chandramouli , 2011)) do not come in the formal waste collection system of Municipal body, we get a figure of 71% service coverage (85%*60%+50%*40%); i.e., 85% of the non-slums and half of slums.

22. Thank You for your attention!