matatag_use of models_science 7 2024.pptx

Use of models

1. GRADE 7 SCIENCE 1

2. Activity 1 PICTURE PUZZLE Directions: Arrange the irregularly cut pieces of an image until a picture is formed. Answer the guide questions that follow. You are given three (3) minutes to finish the activity. 2

3. Guide Questions: What object was formed in picture 1? Picture 2? Describe the function of each picture. Which of the pictures is used in creating a planetary model? What about a model of cell structures? What other models are you familiar with? Explain briefly. 3

4. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you shall be able to identify the different models used by scientists to explain phenomena that cannot be easily seen or detected. 4

5. Scientific Modeling the generation of a physical, conceptual, or mathematical representation of a real phenomenon that is difficult to observe directly. Scientific models are used to explain and predict the behaviour of real objects or systems and are used in a variety of scientific disciplines, ranging from physics and chemistry to ecology and the Earth sciences. 5

6. Activity 2: Let’s Read, then Write! Directions: Divide the class into five groups. Each group will be given an article to read. List down unfamiliar terms, phrases, or sentences as well as describe any that may be confusing ones. Share your insights on the terms, phrases, sentences cited or identified. Accomplish the Table and answer the guide questions. 6

7. Guide Questions: 1. Name the scientist/s who used model to explain phenomena that cannot be easily seen or detected. 2. What are the different models used by scientists to explain phenomena that cannot be easily seen or detected? 3. What is your observation on the illustration of each model? 4. In your opinion, why do scientists provide models to explain phenomena that cannot be easily seen or detected? 7

8. Atomic Models Dalton’s Atomic Model Thomson’s Atomic Model Rutherford’s Atomic Model Bohr’s Atomic Model Quantum Atomic Model 8

9. Dalton’s Atomic Model It was put forward by the English physicist and chemist John Dalton. It stated that matter is made up of small indivisible particles called ‘atoms’. According to this theory, all substances are made up of atoms, which are indivisible and indestructible. While atoms of same element has same size and mass, atoms of different elements have different size and mass. 9

10. Thomson’s Atomic Model It was put forward by J.J. Thomson. It was also called plum pudding model. This model explained the inner structure of atom theoretically. According to Thomson, an atom resembles a sphere of positive charges with electrons distributed inside it. Here, positive and negative charges are equal in magnitude and therefore an atom is electrically neutral. 10

11. Rutherford’s Atomic Model It was put forward by the British scientist Ernest Rutherford. The model by Thomson was not able to explain certain results associated with the atomic structure of elements, so this model came into existence. This model described atom a s a tiny, dense, positively charged core called nucleus, in which nearly all the mass is concentrated , around which the negatively charged electrons circulate like planets moving around the sun. 11

12. Bohr’s Atomic Model It was put forward by the Danish physicist Neil Bohr. It is similar to Rutherford model. The Bohr model is a planetary model in which negatively charged particles orbit positively charged nucleus similar to planets orbiting the sun. Coulomb force exists between these positive and negative particles. 12

13. Quantum Atomic Model It was put forward by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger. It stated that the behavior of atoms can be explained more clearly by treating them mathematically as matter waves. This model is called quantum mechanical or wave mechanical model 13

14. Activity 3: Did You Get It Right? Directions: Bring out ¼ sheet of paper. Listen to the questions very carefully as they will be read twice only. Write the letter of your choice on your paper.

15. CONCEPT MAPPING ACTIVITY 15

16. Guide Questions 1. What development have you observed in the given models? 2. Describe how each model differs from one another. 3. Scientists use different models to explain certain phenomena that cannot be easily seen or detected. With regards to the discussion or explanation of each model, do they always agree with one another? Why? 4. Explain how these models contribute to understanding atomic theory. 16

17. The Atomic Theory Ancient philosophical speculation that all things can be accounted for by innumerable combinations of hard, small, indivisible particles (called atoms) of various sizes but of the same basic material; or the Modern scientific theory of matter according to which the chemical elements that combine to form the great variety of substances consist themselves of aggregations of similar subunits (atoms) possessing nuclear and electron substructure characteristic of each element. 17

18. Imagine this… Place a marble on the syringe and press down the stopper. 18 Q1. Can you compress the marble?

19. Imagine this… Fill the empty syringe with water and place his/her thumb over the opening. Press down the stopper and observe the syringe. https://youtu.be/JBegH4ScHb4?si=To_6dqmsUmvEMLws 19 Q1. Can you compress the water?

20. Imagine this… Fill the syringe with air, place your thumb on the opening. Press down the stopper. Observe what happens. https://youtu.be/TC6Me1zfyCM?si=aKUMnyCJ-FHJNQKR 20 Q1. Can you compress the air?

21. Particle Model of Matter A theory that explains how the particles that make up a substance are arranged, and how they move and interact with each other. 21

22. “MATTER- ial ” Matter is everywhere. We can observe matter wherever we are. We use matter in everything we do. The flowers we picked, the ball we use is playing sports, the water on the pool and the smoke from the vehicles we ride are all samples of matter. The ingredients of your favorite food are matter. Matter is considered as anything that occupy space and it has mass. 22

23. “MATTER- ial ” Every matter consists of tiny particles that cannot be easily seen and detected by our naked eyes. There were scientists who worked on experiments to discover more about matter and its tiny particles. Matter on Earth is in the form of solid, liquid, or gas. Solids, liquids, and gas are made of tiny particles called atoms and molecules. 23

24. “MATTER- ial ” Solids are examples of matter that have a definite size, shape, and mass because of their particles. Particles of solid are compact or it simply means they are very close to one another. 24

25. “MATTER- ial ” Liquids are another phase of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume. It follows the shape of its container, and it is due to its particles. Particles of liquid are close to each other which simply means that the particles have spaces between them. 25

26. “MATTER- ial ” Gas does not have a definite shape and mass because of its particles. Particles of gas are far apart from one another. Diffusion is the spreading of a substance in air due to the movement of its particles. 26

27. Activity 4: How did it happen? Directions: I will spray perfume in the air. Raise your hand when you smell the scent. Take note of the time it takes before you smell the scent.

28. Guide Questions 1. How do you describe the scent that you smell? 2. How long did it take before you were able to smell the scent? 3. What is your explanation why you were able to smell the scent sprayed at a distance from you? 28

29. Activity 5: What’s the Shape? Directions: Describe the shape of the three containers. I will pour water on the containers. Observe that happens to the water.

30. Guide Questions What can you say about the liquid that was transferred to the three different jars? What can you infer about the shape of the liquid? 30

31. Activity 5: READ ALOUD! Directions: Read the comic strip on the next slide. Make sure to feel what you are reading. Be the characters. Answer the guide questions that follow.

32. Read the Comic Strips Below: 32

33. Read the Comic Strips Below: 33

34. Guide Questions Based on the passage, what is pure substance? Differentiate elements and compounds through an illustration. Where can we find the different types of elements? What is a compound? How was atom defined in the passage? How did scientists represent compounds? 34

35. Activity 6: PINOY HENYO Directions: Guess the word based on a given category. You are given 1 minute to guess the word. Each correct answer is given a prize.