Materi 2_Status dan Potensi Sumberdaya Perairan Indonesia.pptx

Materi Mengenai Potensi dan Status Perikanan di Indonesia

1. Potential and Status of Aquatic Resources Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara Subject Code MSP4155  Nur Rohim, S.Pi ., M.Si

2. CPL Mastering the science of water resource management in order to create sustainable water resources. Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara CPMK Students are able to apply knowledge of water resource management SUB-CPMK Students are able to identify the potential and status of water resources

3. Map of Indonesia P rovinces What do you know about Indonesia aquatic resources?

4. Statistics of new Indonesian MNPs (Marine Natural Products) from January 1970 to December 2017 ( A ). Distribution of new MNPs on the basis of their publication per year ( B ) and journal titles ( C ) Hanif et al. 2019 Fisheries and Aquatic Biodiversity Resources Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara

5. Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara Indonesia is an archipelagic nation that comprises more than 17,504 islands and hosts the largest mangrove forest area in the world, consisting of 2.7 million ha in 2020. Mangrove forests in Indonesia distribute across all 34 provinces, with major areas distributed in the Eastern Indonesia region. Papua province has the largest mangrove area with 26.6% and followed by West Papua (17.5%), East Kalimantan (7.5%) and North Kalimantan (5.6%). Mangroves in deltaic and estuary settings in Indonesia are developed in a relatively large area in major islands, while oceanic mangroves typically occur across small islands, particularly in Sulawesi and Maluku regions. Mangrove flora in Indonesia comprises 157 species, of which 52 tree species (true mangrove), 21 species of shrubs, 13 species of liana, 7 species of palms, 14 species of grasses, 8 species of herbs, 3 species of parasites, 36 species of epiphytes and 3 species of ferns. There are approximately 122 species of invertebrates, 45 species of fishes and 148 species of terrestrial fauna found in Indonesian mangroves. ( Basyuni et al., 2022)

6. Indonesia has over 500 lakes, varying from deep tectonic basins to volcanic, glacial and ephemeral floodplain types, but the paucity of data is striking. Hydrological data, for example, are scarce, and information on aquatic fauna mostly consists of lists of commercial fish, many of which have been introduced. Indonesia's lakes are valuable assets. Flood-plain lakes such as those of the Ogan Komering (Sumatra), Upper Kapuas (Kalimantan) and Lake Tempe (Sulawesi) form the basis of important fisheries which in the case of Lake Tempe are at least as productive as artificial fishponds. Tectonic and volcanic lakes such as Lake Toba (Sumatra) and Lake Batur (Bali) are popular tourist destinations, and lake water resources are important for potable water, irrigation and hydropower. Large and ancient lakes often harbour endemics. Those of the Matano- Towuti lake system in Sulawesi, for instance, include more than 20 fish, 12 molluscs and 7 plant species. A review of 3S large lakes throughout the archipelago shows that many have undergone major changes over the past decades, often resulting in degradation, and development plans threaten to disturb those relatively unaffected up to now. Dams occur in one third of all lakes and have been planned in another five. Siltation is a major problem in at least three lakes, while the introduction of water hyacinth and exotic fishes has been ubiquitous. Although poorly documented, losses of fishery production and fish extinctions are apparent. A combination of surveying, da ta evaluation and the formulation of a national strategy for the wise use of Indonesia's lakes and lake resources is urgently required to curb further loss of natural assets ( Giesen 1994). Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara

7. Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara

8. Clean Water Resources Indonesia has 308 billion/m 3  of rainwater potential entering groundwater basins, has 21.28% good performance dams, and 10.8 million hectares of the swamp that can be developed to accommodate water. However, water availability continued to decline to 1200 m 3 /year in 2020, slowing infrastructure development in water resource management, the lack of available storage for rainwater runoff, and the implementation of eco-efficient that is less than optimal are the main challenges. The impact is health problems in Indonesia in the form of an increase in diarrhea cases by 11%/year and dengue fever by 6.5%/year. The government's effort to provide access to clean water is the development of the Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Program, which has been successfully implemented for 15.4 million people. Umami et al. 2022 Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara

9. Percentage of households using ground water as drinking water in different islands of Indonesia ( Kardono 2007) Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara

10. Marine renewable energy provides opportunities and challenges, not only for national energy production from renewable sources, but also for community development in coastal areas. Three case studies have been performed in three different coastal communities in order to capture actual information regarding coastal community profiles and needs. The investigations in Aceh, West Nusa Tenggara and West Papua found that marine renewable energy could become part of sustainable solutions to promote coastal community development. One of the socio-economic impacts that could be beneficial at community level is job creation that would support regional and national GDP of Indonesia. Therefore, Indonesia should be able to face identified challenges in developing marine energy sector in order to strengthen its position in the ASEAN economic community Iswadi et al . 2018 Marine Renewable Energy Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara

11. What is the status and challenges of water resource management in Indonesia? Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara

12. Water Resources Limited Water resource availability has become limited and has been at critical level for several locations. Around 65% Indonesian population (125 Million people) live in Java island which is only 7% of total Indonesia continental area. The decrease of water resource is caused by some factors, namely pollution, deforestation, heavy agricultural activities, and the change of the function of catchment area. Kardono 2007 Status and Challenges in Aquatic Resources Management Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara

13. The Need for a Multi-Sector Management Framework The number of reservoirs in Indonesia has increased gradually over time, but this may have affected fisheries resources. Of the 100 reservoirs already built, 80% are on the island of Java. The direct effects of reservoir on fisheries resources include sedimentation, reduced water flows, eutrophication and disturbance to the fish life cycle, and indirect effects may include overfishing. Reservoirs can also alter habitat, which can change fisheries productivity. Fisheries resources management, in a reservoir, has a high possibility of success if clear boundaries are set and expectations are managed. Fishermen need to participate in management and targets must be set to establish a complete ecosystem for a growing fish population. Other interventions, such as floating cage aquaculture and fish restocking, are suitable tools for management. However, at present there is no Indonesian framework to guide such management tools. With many more reservoirs planned into the future, there is a pressing need to develop a systematic and robust management system to ensure fisheries and river development can coexist. Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara Utomo et al. 2019

14. Concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) of river water in several Provinces (2004) Water Quality Decline

15. Source: MOE 2004 in Kardono 2007. Note: Calculation of water quality status used Pollution Index according to the Ministry of Environment Decree No. 115/2003. Upstream and down-stream water quality values are compared with the water quality criteria class II according to PP No. 82/2001, based on 2 times of monitoring. Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara

16. As a megadiverse country, Indonesia should be able to take advantage of its biodiversity richness optimally for national purposes. The main global issues of extinction of genetic resources due to habitat degradation, over-exploitation, water pollution, invasive species, and climate change have also occurred in Indonesian waters. Indonesia has ratified international agreements relating to biological diversity, biosafety, access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources, Specific regulation on conservation of fish genetic resources has appeared in the conservation of its ecosystems, species, and populations. The Indonesian Ministry of National Development Planning (IMNDP) has drawn up a strategic action plan on biological resources management. At the central level, in addition to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MEF), the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) is determined as management authority, and the Indonesian Academy of Sciences (IAS) is appointed as scientific authority. Local government consisting of provincial and district/city governments can manage water areas be managed of water areas in their jurisdiction based on assessment and approval of MMAF. Aquatic habitat conservation of the freshwater ecosystem needs to be improved to support the domestication program and cultivation of endemic species to ensure the sustainability of fish population. From the study, it can be concluded that management and strategic planning of conservation need to be implemented properly through strengthening legislation, policy development, and its implementations to broader communities, improving synergic coordination among institutions and stakeholders, and training and education of conservation staffs in advanced technology for genetic preservation and utilization Kurniawan et al. 2021 Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara Multidiversity or Multi Policy Madness?

17. Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara Conclusion Water is the source of life for all forms of life. With great benefits comes great responsibility.

18. Daftar Pustaka Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara Afriza Umami, Hadid Sukmana , Edza Aria Wikurendra & Edit Paulik . 2022. A review on water management issues: potential and challenges in Indonesia. Springer Link. Agung Iswadi , Alan Owen, Leuserina Garniati and Jito Sugardjito . 2018. Marine renewable energy: opportunities and challenges for community development in coastal area of Indonesia. International Journal of Services Technology and Management. D. Utomo A B , A. Wibowo, R. A. Suhaimi A B , D. Atminarso A B C and L. J. Baumgartner. 2019. Challenges Balancing Fisheries Resource Management and River Development in Indonesia. Marine and Freshwater Research. Kurniawan Kurniawan , Rudhy Gustiano , Irin Iriana Kusmini dan Vitas Atmadi Prakoso . Genetic Resources Preservation and Utilization of Indonesian Native Freshwater fFsh Consumption. Eco. Env. and Cons. Mohammad Basyuni , Sigit D. Sasmito , Kangkuso Analuddin , Tengku Zia Ulqodry , Meli F. Saragi-Sasmito , Syaiful Eddy & Noril Milantara . 2022. Mangrove Biodiversity, Conservation and Roles for Livelihoods in Indonesia. Springer. Novriyandi Hanif, Anggia Murni , Chiaki Tanaka dan Junichi Tanaka. Marine Natural Products from Indonesian Waters. 2019. MDPI. Wim Giesen . 1994. Indonesia's major freshwater lakes: A review of current knowledge, development processes and threats, Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie : Mitteilungen