14Mathematical and Physical Fundamentals of Climate Change
Remark.In engineering and geoscience, instead of the rigid definition, one
often uses the following alternative definition for the Dirac functionδ:
(i)δ(t)=
θ
∞,t=0,
0,tθ=0,
(ii)
fi
R
δ(t)dt=1,
(iii)
fi
R
δ(t)g(t)dt=g(0)for anyg(t).
The series
n
δ2nπis called theDirac combwhich is closely related to
sampling theory. In order to show that it is well defined, we need to prove that
the series
n
δ2nπis convergent.
LetS
nbe its partial sums andS n=
n
−n
δ2kπ. Clearly,S nare generalized
distributions on the Schwartz space, i.e.,S
n∈S
β
and for anyg∈S,
S
n,g=
n
α
−n
δ2kπ,g
=
n
α
−n
δ2kπ,g.
Combining this with the definitionδ
2kπ,g=g(2kπ),weget
S
n,g=
n
α
−n
g(2kπ).
Sinceg∈S,theseries
n
g(2nπ)converges. So there exists aδ
∗
∈S
β
such that
S
n,g→δ
∗
,gorS n→δ
∗
(S
β
)(n→∞),
i.e., the series
n
δ2nπconverges toδ
∗
,andδ
∗
,g=
n
g(2nπ)for anyg∈S.
Secondly, we prove thatδ
∗
is a 2π-periodic generalized distribution.
By operation rule (v) of generalized distributions on a Schwartz space, for
anyg∈S,
T
2πδ
∗
,g=δ
∗
,g(t+2π)=
α
n
g(2(n+1)π)=
α
n
g(2nπ)=δ
∗
,g.
This means thatδ
∗
is a periodic generalized distribution with period 2π.
Third, byDefinition 1.2(i), we will find the Fourier series ofδ
∗
. We only
need to find its Fourier coefficients.
Denote the Fourier coefficients ofδ
∗
byC n.Sinceδ
∗
∈S
β
,byDefini-
tion 1.2(i), for anyg∈S,
C
n,g=?
1
2π
T
2π(δ
∗
e
−int
)
−1
−(δ
∗
e
−int
)
−1
,g.
Using operation rule (v) of generalized distributions on a Schwartz space,
we get
T
2π(δ
∗
e
−int
)
−1
−(δ
∗
e
−int
)
−1
,g=(δ
∗
e
−int
)
−1
,g(t),
whereg(t)=g(t+2π)−g(t). Therefore
C
n,g=?
1
2π
(δ
∗
e
−int
)
−1
,g(t).