Matter | Substance | Mixture | 1st year. pptx

Matter is anything that has mass and occupy space. Matter further classified as substance and mixture.Pure form of matter is called substance.Impure form of matter is called mixture. When two or more substances mix up physically without any fixed ratio , they form a mixture.
On mixing up the components, substances retain their own chemical identities and properties.
Mixture can be homogeneous( have uniform composition throughout like air, gasoline) or heterogeneous (composition is not uniform throughout like soil, rock) in its composition.
The mixture can be separated into parent components by physical methods such as distillation, filtration evaporation etc.A piece of matter in pure form is termed as substance .
Every substance has fixed composition, specific properties or characteristics.
Substance is further classified into elements and compounds.
Any substance made up of same type of atoms having same atomic number and cannot be decomposed into simple substances by ordinary chemical means.e.g Na, K, H
A substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined together in a fixed ratio by mass is known as compound.Any substance made up of same type of atoms having same atomic number and cannot be decomposed into simple substances by ordinary chemical means.”
Elements occur in nature in free or combined form.118 elements have been discovered out of which 92 are naturally occurring elements.
E g water, sodium chloride, quick lime (CaO) etc . The unique property of element is valency.
Valency is combining capacity of an element with other elements. It depends upon the number of electrons in the outer most shell.
The valency of Chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon is 1,2,3 and 4 respectively. In ferrous sulphate FeSO4 ,valency of iron is 2 and in ferric sulphate (Fe2(SO4)3 the valency of iron is 3.A substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined together in a fixed ratio by mass is known as compound.
E g water, sodium chloride, quick lime (CaO) etc .Elements lose their own properties and produce new substances compounds that have entirely different properties.

1. Matter Mixture Substance

2. Matter Anything that has mass and occupies space is known as matter. E xamples: Our body ,all things around you ,duster, pencil etc. Matter is further classified as substance and mixture. Mixture: Impure form of Matter is called mixture .

3. Mixture When two or more substances mix up physically without any fixed ratio , they form a mixture. On mixing up the components, substances retain their own chemical identities and properties. Mixture can be homogeneous( have uniform composition throughout like air, gasoline) or heterogeneous ( composition is not uniform throughout like soil, rock) in its composition . The mixture can be separated into parent components by physical methods such as distillation, filtration evaporation etc .

4. Substance A piece of matter in pure form is termed as substance . Every substance has fixed composition, specific properties o r characteristics. Substance is further classified into elements and compounds. Any substance made up of same type of atoms having same atomic number and cannot be decomposed into simple substances by ordinary chemical means. e.g Na, K, H A substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined together in a fixed ratio by mass is known as compound. E g water, sodium chloride, quick lime (CaO) etc

5. Substance Every substance has physical as well as chemical properties . The properties associated with physical state of substance are called physical properties like colour, smell, taste solubility etc When ice is heated it melts to form water when water is further heated it boils to give steam. The chemical properties depend on the composition of substance. When a substance undergoes chemical change its composition changes and a new substance is formed. For example decomposition of water is a chemical change as it produces hydrogen and oxygen gases

6. Element “ Any substance made up of same type of atoms having same atomic number and cannot be decomposed into simple substances by ordinary chemical means.” Elements occur in nature in free or combined form. 118 elements have been discovered out of which 92 are naturally occurring element s.

7. Element All naturally occurring have dif percentages in the earth’s crust, oceans and atmosphere.

8. Element Elements may be solids, liquids or gases. Majority exist as solids (Na, Cu, Zn, Au) Few exist as gases (N,O, H) & few occur in liq state (Hg, Br) Elements are representated by symbols . A symbol is taken from the name of that element in English ,Latin, Greek or Germany.

9. Element The unique property of element is valency. Valency is combining capacity of an element with other elements. It depends upon the number of electrons in the outer most shell. The valency of Chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon is 1,2,3 and 4 respectively. In ferrous sulphate FeSO 4 ,valency of iron is 2 and in ferric sulphate (Fe2(SO4)3 the valency of iron is 3.

10. Compound A substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined together in a fixed ratio by mass is known as compound. E g water, sodium chloride, quick lime (CaO) etc . Elements lose their own properties and produce new substances compounds that have entirely different properties.

11. Compound Compounds cannot be broken down into their constituent elements by physical means. Compounds always have fixed composition by mass. Every compound is represented by chemical formula. Compounds have homogeneous composition.

12. Compound Compounds have sharp and fixed melting points.
Compounds can be classified as ionic or covalent.