Meaning, Characteristics, and Branches of Philosophy

discuss the meaning, characteristics
and branches of philosophy

1. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person A rational person is someone who is  sensible and is able to make decisions based on intelligent thinking rather than on emotion .

2. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person At the end of the lesson you are expected to: 2. distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view; 3. reflect why people philosophize; and 4. discuss the importance of philosophy in their lives. discuss the meaning, characteristics and branches of philosophy;

3. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person PHILOSOPHY

4. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person I. PHILOSOPHY DEFINED The word Philosophy comes from the two Greek words philos (love) and Sophia ( Wisdom ), ( Abella 2016). 2016). is the study that uses the human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which governs all things. ( Abella 2016)   Thus, Philosophy is the love of wisdom . This is the most common and simplest definition of Philosophy. Philosophy may also be defined as a science of thinking that deals with the study of processes governing thoughts and conduct , (Garcia 2016).

5. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person CHARACTERISTICS Just as there are many ways at looking at things, like, experiences, situations, problems, Philosophy can also be seen and treated in different ways. Philosophy can be seen as a framework , as an examination of knowledge and as a discipline . ( Abella 2016) PHILOSOPHY Framework Discipline Examination of knowledge

6. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person CHARACTERISTICS Whenever a person encounters a problem, situation or a question life, he or she often goes back to his or her framework in order to make sense of the problem. A framework is defined as a way of thinking about the world and is composed of views and beliefs of a person. ( Abella 2016). Philosophy then as a framework could lead the person to come up with something that may pave the way for solutions or answer. The framework of Philosophy aids the personal framework of the person. PHILOSOPHY Framework Discipline Examination of knowledge

7. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person CHARACTERISTICS Philosophy can also be treated as an examination of a particular area of knowledge . This means that the principles of philosophy can be used as an examination of other disciplines or areas of knowledge. In the long run, other areas of specialization may benefit from the very nature of philosophy, ( Abella 2016). PHILOSOPHY Framework Discipline Examination of knowledge

8. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person CHARACTERISTICS Philosophy in itself is a distinct area of knowledge . It has its own goals, concerns and ways of doing things, ( Abella 2016). Definitely, philosophy is a discipline in itself. PHILOSOPHY Framework Discipline Examination of knowledge

9. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person BRANCHES Logic o a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of thinking and reasoning using empirical support and information which are reliable , valid and objective . Two Types of Logic a. Deductive Reasoning – from a general truth to specific truth, from universal truth to particular. b. Inductive Reasoning – from a specific truth to general truth, particular to universal. o it is the science of correct thinking .

10. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person BRANCHES Epistemology o a branch of Philosophy that concerns with the definition of knowledge and related concepts such as the sources and criteria of knowledge. Two Contending Schools of Thought a. Rational school – the main source of knowledge is deductive reasoning based on self-evident principles or actions. b. Empirical school – the source of knowledge is sense-perception.

11. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person BRANCHES Ethics o it comes from the Greek word “ethos” which means character. o it is the science of correct doing . o it is the study of what is right and what is wrong in human behavior in the pursuit of beauty and goodness of life .

12. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person BRANCHES Metaphysics o it comes from the Greek words “ meta ” which means beyond and “ physikon ” which means nature . o it is branch of philosophy which is concerned with the nature of ultimate reality .

13. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person BRANCHES Aesthetics o it is derived from the Greek word “ aesthetikos ” which means one who is perceptive of things through his sensations , feelings and intuitions . o it is concerned with the essence of perception of beauty and ugliness .

14. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person BRANCHES General Questions in Philosophy Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life. Epistemology –Theory of Knowledge • What is knowledge? • Can we know? • What is to know? • How can we know?

15. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person BRANCHES General Questions in Philosophy Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life. B. Ethics – Moral Philosophy • What is freedom? • Do we have free will? • What is human act? • Are our actions already determined?

16. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person BRANCHES General Questions in Philosophy Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life. C. Philosophy of Art – Aesthetics • What is beauty? • What does it mean to be beautiful?

17. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person BRANCHES General Questions in Philosophy Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life. Philosophy of Religion • Does God exist? • Can we prove the existence of God? • What reasons are there to believe in God?

18. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person BRANCHES General Questions in Philosophy Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life. E. Rational Psychology/Philosophy of Man/ Philosophical Anthropology • What is the essence and meaning of life? • Does life make sense? • What is good life? • What is happiness? • What is man? Who is man? • Is man only his body, or man is his soul

19. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person BRANCHES General Questions in Philosophy Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life. Philosophy is reflective and reflections arise from our experiences. Man is rich with experiences both good and evil. These experiences are the starting point of wonder and awe. Reason leads to reflection and that’s what makes us human. We are capable of becoming aware of our consciousness and daily activities. Man, by essence is reflective. However, people nowadays have less time to think and reflect on their experiences. Man is simply now becoming a contradiction of his own . ( Garcia 2016)

20. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person EXPLAIN AYN RAND: - “Philosophy studies the fundamental nature of existence, of man, and of man’s relationship to existence. As against the special science, which deals only with particular aspect, philosophy deals with those aspects of the universe which pertain to everything that exists. In the realm of cognition, the special sciences are the trees but philosophy is the soil which makes the forest possible.”  

21. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person POINTS TO PONDER 1. The word Philosophy comes from two Geek words philos (love) and Sophia (wisdom). 2. Philosophy is the study that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons and principles which governs all things. 3. Philosophy is a distinct area of knowledge with its own goals, concerns and ways of doing things. 4. Philosophy is divided into several branches namely: Aesthetics, Logic, Epistemology, Ethics, Metaphysics and Philosophical Anthropology. 5. Philosophy can be seen as a framework, as an examination of knowledge and as a discipline. 6. Philosophy is concerned with the deepest and widest questions in life.

22. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person PHILOSOPHY ORIGIN

23. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person REFERENCES: Ramos, CC.R. (2016). Intro. to the Philosophy of the Human Person, p.2-26 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRG-rV8hhpU https://www.tamdistrict.org/cms/lib8/CA01000875/Centricity/Domain/585/PH.U1.BRussell.ValOfPhil.PDF https://www.slideshare.net/ArmanNarciso/doing-philosophy-126812385