Mechanically activated drug delivery

Activation modulated drug delivery

1. MECHANICALLY ACTIVATED DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES SUBMITTED BY:BHARATLAL SAIN Ist M.Pharm Pharmaceutics JSS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,MYSURU SUBMITTED TO:Dr.VIKAS JAIN JSS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY MYSURU

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TYPES OF DEVICES ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

3. INTRODUCTION In this type of activation CDDS the drug reservoir is a solution formulation retained in a container equipped with a mechanically activated pumping system. A measured dose of drug formulation is reproducibly delivered into a body cavity. The volume of solution delivered is controllable as a small as 10-100µl, and is independent of the force and duration of activation applied as well as the solution volume in the container.

4. TYPES OF DEVICES METERED DOSE INHALERS DRY POWDER INHALERS NEBULIZERS

5. METERED DOSE INHALERS A metered-dose inhaler ( MDI ) is a device that delivers a specific amount of medication to the lungs , in the form of a short burst of aerosolized medicine that is usually self-administered by the patient via inhalation. It is the most commonly used delivery system for treating asthma , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases. The medication in a metered dose inhaler is most commonly a bronchodilator , corticosteroid or a combination of both for the treatment of asthma and COPD. Other medications less commonly used but also administered by MDI are mast cell stabilizers, such as cromoglicate or nedocromil .

6. DRY POWDER INHALERS DPI is device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of dry powder. Once loaded or actuated, the operator puts the mouthpiece of the inhaler into the mouth and takes a deep inhalation. This inhaler is breath-activated. Marketed examples of dry powder inhalers include: Advair Diskus,Asmanex , Pulmicort flexhaler .

7. TYPES OF DRY POWDER INHALERS SPINHALER TURBUHALER DISKHALER

8. SPINHALER First manufactured for the delivery of sodium chromoglycate Includes drug mixture is prefilled into a hard gelatin capsule and loaded into the device On activation capsule gets pierced and the patient inhales the dose

9. TURBUHALER Type of multidose dry powder inhaler Reservoir based Drug is contained in storage reservoir and can be dispensed into dosing chamber by simple back and froth action on the base of the unit Device delivers carrier free particles of the drugs such as ß agonist (terbutaline sulfate ) and steroid (budesonide) Ex-Pulmicort for the delivery of budesonide

10. DISKHALER This device have circular disk that contains number of powder charges (4-8) Doses are maintained in separate aluminium blister reservoir until just prior to inspiration On activation aluminium blister is pierced and powder charge is dropped into the dosing chamber and is inhaled Ex-Relenza Diskhaler for the release of Zanamivir

11. NEBULIZERS The fundamental concept of nebulizer performance is the conversion of the medication solution into droplets in the respirable range of 1-5 micrometers. This machine uses a mixture of processes involving oxygen, compressed air, and even ultrasonic power to atomize and vaporize liquid medication into small aerosol droplets, or a mist that can be inhaled directly into the lungs Nebulizers do not require patient coordination between inhalation and actuation, thus they are useful for pediatric, elderly, ventilated, non-conscious patients, or those who are unable to use pMDIs or DPIs

12. TYPES OF NEBULIZERS JET NEBULIZERS ULTRASONIC NEBULIZERS Both differ in the force used for the formation of aerosol from the liquid

13. JET NEBULIZERS Based on Venturi’s principle fluid pressure decreases as its passes through a narrow sectional area. In these nebulizers, air stream moves through a small capillary tube at high velocity creating a low pressure that drives the liquid to be aerosolized up the capillary tube. The high velocity blast of air carrying the droplets will bump into baffles placed in different numbers and positions depending on the design of the jet nebulizer. This results in the breaking of large droplets into smaller droplets that will leave the nebulizer

14. ULTRASONIC NEBULIZERS Here sound waves are created due to the vibration of piezoelectric crystals at high frequency, that break the liquid into small droplets. Not completely portable because they still need electric supply for charging. Compared to jet nebulizers, ultrasonic nebulizers are more expensive and tend to increase the temperature of the nebulized drug solution; thus they are considered inappropriate to nebulize thermolabile peptides or DNA. They are also less efficient in nebulizing viscous liquids and suspensions than jet nebulizers, probably because of the reduced force that is used to atomize the liquid No air compression and hence nebulization is silent

15. TYPE OF INHALER ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES BRANDS JET Less expensive Less wastage during exhalation Requires a source of compressed gas or oxygen Low efficiency Respigard II PARI LC PLUS ULTRASONIC Do not require source of driving gas Can nebulize large volume of liquid Short delivery time compared to jet nebulizer Large aerozolized particle size High density aerosol can cause bronchospasm and increase the airway resistance DuroMed minibreeze nebulizer Sonic mist ultrasonic nebulizer

16. REFERENCE https://www.dovepress.com/inhalation-drug-delivery-devices-technology-update-peer-reviewed-article-MDER https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169409X97005103

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