Media and its role in india

An insight into what role news agencies and various media houses play in India as a part of democracy in country. Its impact as a medium of communication in various situations - both good and bad. Also, the history of Indian media and its role in Indian electoral system.

1. Media & It’s Role in
India
Presented By:
Ayush Jain
(141435)
Jaypee University of
Information
Technology, Solan
Himachal Pradesh

2. Contents
•Introduction
•Types of Media
•History Of Indian Media
•Media in British India
•Role of Media in Independence
•Constitutional Laws for Media
•Advantages and Disadvantages of Media
•Impact Of Media
•Conclusion

3. Introduction:
News media is defned as an
umbrella term for all the
sources and presentation of
news and information,
including: TV, radio,
newspapers, magazines, web
pages and blogs.

4. Types of News Media
•Audio Visual:
Television
Social media, e-newspaper
•Print journalism:
Newspaper
News magazine
•Audio:
Radio

5. •Total number of registered newspapers stood at 82,237of
which 4,853 new newspapers were registered during 2010- 11.
Some of the newspapers are Jagran, Dainik-Bhaskar ,
Hindustan, Amar Ujala etc.
•Number of newschannels in country till March 2015 has
increased 90+ Broadcasted in more than 20 languages.
Some of them are IBN7
,NDTV India, India Tv
•The latest round of the long-delayed opening up of private FM
in India — some 338 frequencies were ofered of which about
237 were sold. Some of them are All India
Radio,Big FM, Radio Mirchi

6. Start Of Indian Media

7. •It was in 1674 that the frst printing apparatus
was established in Bombay followed by Madras
in 1772.
•India's frst newspaper, Calcutta General Advertise ,
also known as the Hicky's Bengal Gazette and was
established in January 1780
•The frst Hindi daily, Samachar Sudha Varshan ,
began in 1854

8. Media in British India &
It’s role in Independence

9. ROLE OF MEDIA IN INDEPENDENCE
•Right from the time of India's First War of Independence in
1857, Hindi/Urdu journals like Paygam –e-Azadi and
Samachar Sudhavarshan supported the struggle for freedom,
and exhorted people to throw out the British rulers

10. MAIN OBJECTIVES
 To motivate the passion of fght
 War against the britishers
 Criticism on the government

11. Efects of Pen-Newspapers
•Mutiny was the soul of pen-newspapers and it was included in
their objectives to prepare the people for war with Britishers
and get their country free from the hold of Britishers.
•Sir John Malcom :
He described the reasons behind the Mutiny of 1857 by
saying that Pen-newspapers played very important role in
developing the hateful feelings in the people for East India
Company and made them to participate in the Mutiny of
1857.

12. Notable Role 
 In the struggle against the British, some newspapers played
a very notable role. This included the  Hindi
Patriot! Established in 1853, by the author and playwright,
Grish Chandra Ghosh, it became popular under the editorship
of Harish Chandra Mukherjee.
 In 1861, the paper published a play, "Neel Darpan" and
launched a movement against the British, urging the people
to stop cultivating the Indigo crop for the white traders. This
resulted in the formation of a Neel Commission

13. PRESS
•English Press :
In the beginning of 1857, prejudiced attitude of the English
press came on the surface. It demanded to curtail the
‘freedom’ of local press. When the War of Independence
started, English press claimed that it was the result of that
freedom which local press enjoyed.
•
The English owned press displayed the worst type of racialism
and openly raised the cry a [a guillotine against the freedom-
fghters and the vernacular press, particularly the Urdu press
and the Persian press

14. Marathi Press 
 Mahadev Govind Rande, a leading leader of Mahara shtra, used to
write in Gyan Prakash as well as in Indu Prakash. Both these journals
helped awaken the con science of the downtrodden masses. Another
Marathi weekly, Kesari was started by Tilak from January 1, 1881
 Tilak's Kesaribecame one of the leading media to propagate the
message of freedom movement. It also made the anti-partition
movement of Bengal a national issue. In 1908, Tilak opposed the
Sedition ordinance

15. Colonial Press Laws against
Newspapers
•Governor-General of India Lord Canning enacted a
law, by which every newspaper and journal had to
obtain a license from the government. The
government had the authority to cancel any license.
Also, the government acquired the right of
censorship by this law.

16. Delhi and War of Independence :
•At that time, Delhi was not under the rule of Britishers. Newspapers
from here propagated the noble cause of the Indians. They kept the
public informed about the progress of war. They helped freedom
fghters to a great extent. The three main newspapers from Delhi
were “Sadiq-ul-Akhbar", "Delhi Urdu Akhbar” (Urdu) and Siraj-ul-
Akhbar” (Persian). Siraj-ul-Akhbar was the Court gazette of Bahadur
Shah Zafar. At the end of the war, all these newspapers were closed
down. Maulvi Muhammad Baqir, the owner of the Delhi Urdu Akhbar,
was shot dead.

17. Constitutional Laws for Media

18. PRINT
• The Newspaper (Prices and Pages) Act, 1956 – This
statute empowers the Central Government to regulate the
price of newspapers in relation to the number of pages and
size and also to regulate the allocation of space to be allowed
for advertising matter.
•Civil Defence Act, 1968 - It allows the Government to make
rules for the prohibition of printing and publication of any
book, newspaper or other document prejudicial to the Civil
Defence.
•Press Council Act, 1978 – Under this Act, the Press Council
was reconstituted (after 1976) to maintain and improve the
standards of newspaper and news agencies in India.

19. Broadcast
The following cardinal principles have ideally been
practiced by all Broadcasting and Television Organization;
viz:-
• To ensure the objective presentation of news and fair and
unbiased comment.
• To promote the advancement of education and culture.
•To raise and maintain high standards of decency and decorum
in all programs.
•To respect human rights and dignity .
•To promote communal harmony, religious tolerance and
international understanding.

20. Films
•The Cinematograph Act, 1952: Under this Act, a Board of Film
Censors with advisory panels at regional centres is empowered to
examine every flm and sanction it whether for unrestricted exhibition
or for exhibition restricted to adults.
•The Copyright Act, 1957: According to this act the no one has the
right to exploit the original literary, dramatic, artistic, musical work,
sound recordings and cinematographic flms without the consent of
the owner.
•Cine Workers and Cinema Theatre Workers (Regulation of
Employment) Act, 1981 : This legislation afords a measure of
protection to those employed in the industry by imposing certain
obligations on motion picture producers and theatre owners concerning
the former’s condition of service.

21. Advertising
There are basic guidelines in order to achieve free and fair
advertising practises:
• To ensure the truthfulness and honesty of representations
and claims made by advertisements and to safe guard
against misleading advertising.
•To ensure that advertisement are not ofensive to generally
accepted standards of public decency.
•To safeguard against indiscriminate use of advertising for
promotion of products which are regarded as hazardous to
society or to individuals to a degree or of a type which is
unacceptable to society at large.

22. Advantages & Disadvantages

23. Advantages of media
•Helps in getting awareness about the world.
•Helps in bringing the world together.
•Cheap way of communication.
•People know what is wrong and right.
•Helps in research and analysis.
•Entertain people.
•Advertisement has been made very easy.
•A Watchdog on Government :
Voice of poor is heard through media.

24. •A trump card for Common man :
About to bring a revolution.
•Mirror of Society:
Help keeping things in control.
•Show people what they actually do and what they must do:
A window to the World.
•A hub of Information:
Can teach much efectively.
Social Networking.

25. Disadvantages of media
•Who watches the Watchdogs ?:
Invade Privacy.
It is a one way communication, so improvement through
feedback is virtually
impossible.
•News for Sale:
Phenomena of paid news.
Proft Oriented Industry.

26. •Cultural Damage :
Have a deep impression of Western Culture.
Instill Cultural Stereotypes Psychological Damage.
Afect the thinking capability of individuals.
Instill negative thinking patterns in society as a whole.
Afects psyche of Vulnerable group in a number of ways.

27. Impact

28. Sting Operations

29. Tehelka Operation West End
•One of the most infamous sting
operations in the history of
government of India is the “operation
West End” carried out by Tehelka
magazine in 2001. The operation was
carried out to expose the deep rooted
corruption in India’s Defence ministry.
Many arms dealers and defense
ministry ofcials were caught on tape
accepting bribes. The expose led to
the resignation of Defence minister
George Fernandes from his post.

30. Cash for votes sting operation - CNN-
IBN
•CNN-IBN carried out an undercover sting operation in 2008 to
expose the cash-for-votes scandal, in which the ruling UPA
allegedly bribed other party MPs to survive a confdence vote
in Parliament. Cash for votes’ scandal really rocked the
parliament and was made certain through a sting operation
by CNN-IBN, which showed on tape Amar Singh aide giving
money to an opposition MP. The opposition MPs waved money
around the Parliament alleging that they were bribed by UPA
to cast vote in their favor during the confdence vote on Indo-
US nuclear deal.

31. Harish Rawat- CM of Uttrakhand
Umesh Sharma, Editor in Chief of
Samachar Plus did the sting
operation disclosing the horse
trading done by the CM to take
the 9 rebel MLAs to his side to
win the vote of confdence.

32. Jindal vs Zee Media
Following an FIR lodged by
Congress MP and Jindal Steel
Chairman Naveen Jindal and a sting
operation done by the Jindal Group
on Zee group’s editors, two senior
Zee editors were arrested by Delhi
Police for allegedly demanding Rs.
100 crore to drop the news report
accusing Jindal and his company for
alleged involvement in the coal
block allocation scam.

33. Live Coverage

34. Attacks of 26/11

36. Outside CST Station

37. Oberoi Hotel

38. Nariman House

39. Protest Campaigns
Hazare’s Protest for Lokpal Bill
•In the two weeks that surrounded his fast, the
viewership of news channels skyrocketed: Around
2.5 million more people a week turned to news
channels during the Hazare agitation than in earlier
weeks. The fgures were measured for the weeks
starting Aug. 14 and Aug. 21.
•In the week through Aug. 27, a day before Mr.
Hazare’s fast-breaking ceremony, news channels
had 15% of television share, up from an average of
roughly 9%.
•reports on the Lokpal bill dominated India’s 24-
hour news cycle, accounting for 83.4% of viewed
news stories.

40. Hazare’s Protest for Lokpal Bill
•Team Anna’s decisions have been consistently well-timed to
maximize efectiveness and media exposure. Look at the
timing of Mr. Hazare’s frst fast: it started right after the
cricket World Cup and ended before the Indian Premier
League was in full swing. Overlapping with either sporting
event would’ve stolen some of the limelight from his
anticorruption protest.

41. Protest Campaigns
Sharmila Irom’s 16 Years long fast
•Dubbed as the Iron Lady of Manipur, Sharmila
began her fast Nov 2, 2000, after witnessing
the killing of 10 people by the army at a bus
stop near her home.
•she was arrested shortly after beginning her
protest on charges of attempted suicide. She
was sent to a prison hospital where she
began a daily routine of being force-fed via a
nasal drip.
•Sharmila is frequently set free by local courts,
but once outside, she resumes her hunger-
strike and is rearrested.
•She is campaigning for the repeal of the
Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA).
•Got media attention only when she declared
of ending her fast on 9
th August 2016

42. Opinion & Exit Polls
•Opinion Polls: an assessment of public opinion by
questioning a representative sample, especially as the basis
for forecasting the results of voting.
•Exit Polls: an opinion poll of people leaving a polling station,
asking how they voted.

43. Ban on Opinion & Exit Polls
•The Election Commission banned exit polls between April 4 and May 16
when Assembly elections were held in fve states.
•“As in law where there is a feld not covered by any legislation, the
commission can use its power under Article 324. But under Article 77
we cannot do that, Because of it, our considerate view is since
Parliament has already applied its mind, we would not be in a position
to ban opinion polls under Article 324,” – CEC V.S. Sampath (Re. baning
opinion polls).
•15 of the National and State political parties supported ban on opinion
polls in 2013.
• Then mojor opposition party BJP (in 2013) opposed the ban on opinion
polls saying “any restriction would fall in the realm of a restriction on
the Fundamental Right to Freedom and Expression guaranteed in
Article 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution.”

44. Ban on Opinion & Exit Polls
•Existing law allows EC to ban opinion polls 48 hours prior to
voting.
• Opinion polls during election are neither scientifc nor is there
any transparent process for such polls.
•International Aspect: As many as 16 of the 27 European Union
countries ban reporting of opinion polls.

45. Conclusion
Media in today’s world is an essential mode of communication
but as the name ‘MEDIA’ suggests, it must just remain as a
medium of communication and awareness and not as a mode
of infuencing the people’s mind and opinions as it may have
serious consequences such as roits, political or economical
unrest and instability in a country.

46. References
Web resources:
•www.mensxp.com
•www.topyaps.com
•www.tark.com
•www.chakrview.com
•Wikipedia
•Youtube
•Google Images
Other resources:
•Indian Express
•The Times of India
Opinion Poll Statistics:
•The Hindu,e-edition, November 16, 2013 03:52 IST 

47. Thank you

48. Questions?