MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING..ENDOCRINE.pptx

MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING ENDOCRINE

1. Introduction The endocrine system is a network of glands and organs located throughout the body. Glands Endocrine tissues secrete a compound (hormone) that is carried by the blood to act on a target tissue. Exocrine tissues, which secrete across an epithelium, such as sweat and saliva.

2. The major glands of the endocrine system are Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Pineal gland Thyroid gland Adrenal glands Pancreas

3. Hypothalamus The hypothalamus is found underneath the thalamus and comprises the floor of the third ventricle,The hypothalamus extends downward from the brain into a stalk known as the pituitary stalk which connects it to the pituitary gland.

4. Hypothalamus The hypothalamus has three main regions (anterior, medial and posterior). Each one contains different nuclei. These are clusters of neurons that perform vital functions, such as releasing hormones

5. Hypothalamus To maintain homeostasis, the hypothalamus is responsible for creating or controlling many hormones in the body. Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus include: Antidiuretic hormone- which increases how much water is absorbed into the blood by the kidneys. Corticotropin-releasing hormone- which helps regulate metabolism and immune response by working with the pituitary gland and adrenal gland to release certain steroids.

6. Hypothalamus Gonadotropin-releasing hormone- which instructs the pituitary gland to release more hormones that keep the sexual organs working. Oxytocin- a hormone involved in several processes, including the release of a mother’s breast milk, moderating body temperature, and regulating sleep cycles. Prolactin-controlling hormones- which tell the pituitary gland to either start or stop breast milk production in lactating mothers. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone- activates the thyroid, which releases the hormones that regulate metabolism, energy levels, and developmental growth.

7. Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that can interfere with endocrine systems at certain doses. These disruptions can cause cancerous tumors, birth defects, and other developmental disorders. Any system in the body controlled by hormones can be derailed by hormone disruptors. Specifically, endocrine disruptors may be associated with the development of learning disabilities, severe attention deficit disorder, cognitive and brain development problems deformations of the body that includes breast cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid and other cancers; sexual development problems such as feminizing of males or masculinizing effects on females, etc.

8. Some of these occur naturally, but many are synthetic and used in agriculture (growth promoters, pesticides and wetting agents), plasticizers, as flame-retardants in textiles, clothing and furnishings, non-stick coatings, food additives, electronics and cosmetics, personal care products and perfumes.