MEMORY

This is the presentation which was presented in PPT CONTEST on TCP PRESENTO 2020 Organized byThiagarajar College of Preceptors-Madurai.

1. Memory Done by: M.Muneeswari b.sc,b.ed (mathematics) SASTRA deemed to be University

2. What is memory ? TCP PRESENTO-2020

3. Memory It refers to the processes that are used to acquire, store, retain and later retrieve information. It is the storage of learned information for retrieval and future use. Fundamental component of daily life . TCP PRESENTO-2020

4. Definition “ Memory is the process of maintaining information over time “ (Martin , 2005). “Memory is the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use this information in the present” ( Sternberg , 1999). TCP PRESENTO-2020

5. Memory processes Encoding Transforming information into a form that can be entered and retained in the memory system. Storage Retaining information in memory so that it can be used at a later time . Retrival Recovering information stored in the memory so that we are consciously aware of it. TCP PRESENTO-2020

6. Three stages of Memory Three memory stores that differ in function,duration and capacity . Sensory memory Working or Short term memory Long term memory Sensory Input Attention Retrieval Encoding Maintenance rehearsal TCP PRESENTO-2020

7. Types of memory TCP PRESENTO-2020

8. Short term memory Short term memory is a type of memory which is temporary and short lived. It is also called as recent memory or working memory. It acts as a kind of “ scratch pad ”. Duration : 30 seconds or more. For example , in order to understand the sentence , the beginning of the sentence needs to be held in mind while the rest is read , a task which is carried out by the short term memory . TCP PRESENTO-2020

9. Long term memory As the name suggests it has quite a durable or endless retention of the sensory impressions. It is also called as permanent memory. It is also referred as remote memory. Identifying data like our name,parentage,date of birth,date of marriage,etc. This memory is properly coded, retrieved systematically, purposeful and meaningful and co-relational with events and information. It can be further classified as : 1. Explicit (conscious) 2. Implicit (unconscious ) TCP PRESENTO-2020

10. Explicit memory Explicit memory ( declarative memory) is one of the two main types of long term human memory. It is the conscious,intentional recollection of the factual information, previous experiences and concepts. Explicit memory can be divided into two categories : 1. Episodic memory – stores specific personal experiences 2. Semantic memory – stores factual information TCP PRESENTO-2020

11. Episodic memory It is connected with episodes and events which may consist of personal events and experiences associated with one’s life. Eg : describe an accident , the observation of an event helps in narrating the details in detail almost throughout his life whenever required. It is deeply rooted in the brain of the person. TCP PRESENTO-2020

12. Semantic memory Semantic memory helps to recollect the relationship between events or association of ideas. It is coupled with general knowledge and it’s interpretation and generalization. Eg : bike and helmet, drinking and driving,a formula application in computation, remembering the names of capitals of different states and countries. TCP PRESENTO-2020

13. Implicit memory Implicit memory is one of the two main types of long term human memory. Sometimes it is referred to as unconscious memory or automatic memory. It is acquired and used unconsciously and can affect thoughts and behaviors. Eg : singing a familiar song , typing on your computer keyboard, brushing your teeth and riding a bike. It can be classified as : 1. Procedural Memory 2. Priming TCP PRESENTO-2020

14. Procedural Memory It is the long term memory of skills and procedures or procedural knowledge. It is considered a form of implicit memory. It is helpful in learning skills and skills remain permanent always with the person until diseased. TCP PRESENTO-2020

15. Priming It is a non-conscious form of human memory concerned with perceptual identification of words and objects. It refers to activating particular representation or association in memory just before carrying out an action or task. TCP PRESENTO-2020

16. Methods of memorizing Recitation method : the Learner reads a content once or twice , then tries to recites and recall. It helps in self appraisal and self evaluation and the learners can write down the points that he is unable to recall. Whole and part method : memorizing from beginning to end at stretch or part by part. Like memorizing a poem. It has merits and demerits. The Learner can use a combined method by starting the poem with whole and difficult areas can be learned as parts. Spaced and unspaced method : It follows the princple of work and rest. After memorizing something for a period of time , Some rest is provided and continues the memorizing process. TCP PRESENTO-2020

17. Development/improvement of memory When recalling free he mid from fear and anxiety. Have confidence in self and maintain positive attitude. Don’t fight with memory in recalling. Go time. Interests and attention influence memorization. Adopt proper methods of memorization. Follow the principles of association. Eg : vibgyor = color . Grouping and rhythm : Eg : memorizing phone number and months. Utilize many senses to learn . Maintain external ( envt .) and internal factors ( health). Proper rest , practise and repetition. TCP PRESENTO-2020

18. Reference Dandpani S.(2006) A text book advanced educational psychology: Banglore ,Anmol publication private limited.  kar chintamani ,(1998) Exceptional children - their psychology and education New Delhi Sterling publishers private limited. TCP PRESENTO-2020