Mental disability

Mental retardation{intellectual disability} is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of mind, which is specially characterized by impairment of skills manifested during the developmental period, which contribute to the overall level of intelligence, i.e cognitive, language, motor and social abilities.
Prevalence of mental disorders is 4-5 times higher in person with intellectual disability
CAUSES-
GENETIC
ENVIORNMENTAL/SOCIO-CULTURAL
PRENATAL,PERINATAL AND POSTNATAL FACTOR
COMBINED Behavior management
Monitoring the child’s development needs & problems.
Programs that maximize speech, language, cognitive, psychomotor, social, self-care, & occupational skills.
Ongoing evaluation for overlapping psychiatric disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder, & ADHD.
Family therapy to help parents develop coping skills & deal with guilt or anger.
Provide day schools to train the child in basic skills, such as bathing & feeding.

1. HANDLING OF A DISABLED PERSON

2. The World Health Organization draws on a three–fold distinction between impairment, disability and handicap: • Impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function. Disability is any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. Handicap is a disadvantage, for a given individual, resulting from impairment or a disability, which prevents the fulfilment of a role that is considered normal (depending on age, sex and social and cultural factors) for that individual.

3. Type Of Disability

4. Intellectual Disability(I.D) Mental retardation{intellectual disability} is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of mind, which is specially characterized by impairment of skills manifested during the developmental period, which contribute to the overall level of intelligence, i.e cognitive, language, motor and social abilities. Retardation can occur with or without mental or physical disorder.

5. Prevalence of mental disorders is 4-5 times higher in person with intellectual disability CAUSES- GENETIC ENVIORNMENTAL/SOCIO-CULTURAL PRENATAL,PERINATAL AND POSTNATAL FACTOR COMBINED

6. DIAGNOSTIC GUIDELINES Classification: ON THE BASIS OF IQ TEST  Mild Retardation (IQ 50-70) This is commonest type of mental retardation accounting for 85-90% of all cases. These individuals have minimum retardation in sensory-motor areas.  Moderate Retardation (IQ 35-50) About 10% of mentally retarded come under this group.  Severe Retardation (IQ 20-35) Severe mental retardation is often recognized early in life with poor motor development & absent or markedly delayed speech & communication skills.  Profound Retardation (IQ below 20) This group accounts for 1- 2% of all mentally retarded. The achievement of developmental milestones is markedly delayed. They require constant nursing care & supervision.

7. PATIENT DETAILS X 7 YEAR OLD CHILD R/O MEERUT CAME TO OUT OPD FOR PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION AND CERTIFICATION FOR SUBNORMAL INTELLIGENCE INFORMATNT – MOTHER SHE GAVE H/O OF DELAYED CRYING AND MILESTONES, BOTH VERBAL AND MOTOR THERE IS NO H/O ANY OTHER PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS CURRENTLY CHILD IS UNABLE TO SPEAK PROPERLY AND IS ANT ABLE TO TAKE CARE OF MANY OF HIS BASIC NEEDS LIKE BRUSHING,BATHING WITGOUT INSTRUCTION CANNOT IDENTIFY COLOURS AND MONEY EATS WITH SPILLING

8. TREATMENT MODALITIES Behavior management Monitoring the child’s development needs & problems. Programs that maximize speech, language, cognitive, psychomotor, social, self-care, & occupational skills. Ongoing evaluation for overlapping psychiatric disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder, & ADHD. Family therapy to help parents develop coping skills & deal with guilt or anger. Provide day schools to train the child in basic skills, such as bathing & feeding.

9. Goals The adaptive skill of a normal child was compared with the patient and the deficit areas were shown to the parents. After the base line evaluation the specific goal discussed with the mother. The family members were concerned about the language of child , so this area was decided to be taken first and gradually will shift to other areas.

10. The manual portage guide to early education The portage guide is divided into 6 sections of which one is the infant stimulation section five are developmental areas. The areas are: Cognitive Self help Motor Language Socialization They are arranged in order of sequence in which they are learned by a normally developing child They are divided into age groups.

11. . BEHAVIOUR Feeds self but spills Does not use spoon 2 Year LANGUAGE Babbles ma, baba, Communicates with pointing Copies other’s sounds 6month MOTOR Walks , climbs stairs stepwise, can lock the door, plays with toys 3 year COGNITION Can’t arrange object in sequence 6 month SELF HELP Only undressing 2 year SOCIALISATION Play with lower age group 2 year

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