5. Jelaskan patofisiologi pasien pada pemicu!
● Hassan, E. M., Mushtaq, H., Mahmoud, E. E., Chhibber, S., Saleem, S., Issa, A., Nitesh, J., Jama, A. B., Khedr, A., Boike, S., Mir, M., Attallah, N., Surani, S., & Khan, S. A. (2022). Overlap of
diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. World journal of clinical cases, 10(32), 11702–11711. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i32.11702
● Umpierrez, G.E., Davis, G.M., ElSayed, N.A. et al. Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report. Diabetologia 67, 1455–1479 (2024).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-024-06183-8
● Bereda, G. (2022). Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state: Background, precipitating factors, pathophysiology and management. International Journal of Diabetes & Its Complications, 1(1), 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.47378/IJDIC/2022.1.101
● Willix, C., Griffiths, E., & Singleton, S. (2019, May). Hyperglycaemic presentations in type 2 diabetes. Australian Journal of General Practice, 48(5), 263–267.
https://doi.org/10.31128/AJGP-12-18-4785
Faktor genetik, imun,
pola makan, obesitas
Kerusakan sel
beta pankreas
Ketidakseimbangan
produksi insulin
Resistensi
insulin
Insulin tidak mampu
menyerap glukosa
GDS: 482 mg/dl, tidak
terkontrol
DMT2
Glukosa tidak
masuk sel
Hiperglikemia
Mengganggu
filtrasi glukosa di
ginjal
Viskositas
darah ↑
Suplai O2
tubuh ↓
Neuropathy
perifer
Sensasi nyeri
menurun
Ulkus
diabetik,
susah sembuh
Kekebalan
tubuh ↓
Resiko
infeksi ↑
Demam
Glukosuria
Diuresis
osmotik
Poliuri
Kehilangan
elektrolit
dalam sel
Dehidrasi
Tubuh
kehilangan
kalori
Merangsang
hipotalamus
Rasa lapar
berlebihan
Polifagi
Polidipsi
Turgor kulit menurun
ECF Volume ↓
Osmolaritas
plasma ↑
Sistem RAAS
aktif