Metapopulation

Haseeb Kamran | Mphil Wildlife and Ecology GIS & Remote Sensing Lab | University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Ravi Campus).
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1. Metapopulation Presented by: Haseeb Kamran Presented to: Dr. Khalid Mehmood Anjum 2019-Mphil-1375

2. Content : Introduction Population vs Metapopulation Types of Metapopulation 4 conditions for Metapopulation Factors

3. Introduction: Metapopulation is Known as Population of Population. A Metapopulation is a group of same individual living in different places forming patches, But movement of individuals from one population to anothers occurs regularly. The term was coined by Richard Levins in 1969.

4. Population vs Metapopulation Local Population Closed Population Group of same individuals living in same places at a same time Here the individuals are added only through birth and loses through death. Interact takes place within a subpopulation. Metapopulation Open Population Group of same individual living in different places at a same time. Here the individuals are added through immigiration and loses through emigration. For interaction, migration from one local population to other patces is possible.

5. Definition of Metapopulation “Any assemblages of discrete local populations with migration among them”--- Hanski and Gilpin (1997 ). “Set of local populations within some larger area, where typically migration from one local population to at least some other patches is possible ”---- ( Hanski and Simberloff 1997 ). Species are linked to form metapopulation via dynamic process of extinction and recolonization .

6. Our Family Examples of Metapopulation Our Relatives

7. Metapopulations In metapopulations , Each sub-population is unstable (subject to random extinction/ recolonization ). Individual subpopulations may go extinct, though the overall population persists because some subpopulations are doing well while others are performing poorly. Dispersal among patches assures long term viability.

8. Persistence of some local populations ( sinks ) depends on some migration from nearby populations ( sources ). Empty patches susceptible to colonization.

9. Types of Metapopulation

10. Patches should be discrete habitat areas of equal quality i.e. homogeneous. 2) No single population is large enough to ensure long-term survival. 3) Patches must be isolated but not to the extent of preventing re-colonization from adjacent patches. 4) Local population dynamics must be sufficiently asynchronous that simultaneous extinction of all local populations is unlikely. Hanski (1998) proposed 4 conditions. Conditions:

11. Factors 1) Demographic uncertainty : Random events acting on survival/ reproduction that is affected by population size and structure. 2) Environmental uncertainty : resource fluctuations, seasonal variation, densities of enemies. 3. Natural catastrophes e.g. floods will affect persistence time regardless of population size. - some endangered species are broken up into separate populations to avoid this problem. 4. Inbreeding : only relevant to very small populations

12. Thank You