Meteorological Factors Influencing Air Pollution And Atmospheric Stability Regions

1. Meteorology�2.Air Pollution Meteorology�3.Benefits Of Analyzing Meteorological Data  
4. Meteorological Factors Influencing Air Pollution
4.1 Primary parameters
4.1.1 Wind Direction And Speed
4.1.2 Temperature inversion
4.1.3 Atmospheric Stability
4.1.4 Mixing Height or Mixing Depth
4.2 Secondary parameter
4.2.1 Precipitation
4.2.2 Humidity
4.2.3 Solar radiation
4.2.4 Visibility
5. Methods for measurement of meteorological variable
6. Lapse Rate in Air Pollution Meteorology
7. Atmospheric Stability
7.1 Super Adiabatic
7.2 Sub Adiabatic
8. Plume Behaviours

1. Manipal Institute Of Technology,
Manipal
Air & Noise Environment
CIE-5182
MTech Environmental Engineering
Assignment-3&4
Meteorological Factors Influencing Air Pollution
And
Atmospheric Stability Regions
Presented by:
Niranjan.H.M
210950011

2. Meteorological Factors Influencing Air Pollution
And
Atmospheric Stability Regions
Assignment
3-4

3. 1. Meteorology
2.Air Pollution Meteorology
3.Benefits Of Analyzing Meteorological Data
4.Meteorological Factors Influencing Air Pollution
4.1 Primary parameters
4.1.1 Wind Direction And Speed
4.1.2 Temperature inversion
4.1.3 Atmospheric Stability
4.1.4 Mixing Height or Mixing Depth
4.2 Secondaryparameter
4.2.1 Precipitation
4.2.2 Humidity
4.2.3 Solar radiation
4.2.4 Visibility
5. Methods for measurement of meteorological variable
6. Lapse Rate in Air Pollution Meteorology
7.Atmospheric Stability
7.1 Super Adiabatic
7.2 Sub Adiabatic
8.Plume Behaviours
Contents

4. 1.What Is Meteorology
•Meteorology is nothing but the climate and
weatherof a region.
•Meteorology isthe science dealing with the
atmosphere and its phenomena, including both
weather and climate.

5. 2.Air Pollution Meteorology
•Air Pollution meteorology deals with the meteorological
processes near to the earth’s surface which consist of the
impacts ofmeteorology on air pollutantsand the effects of
pollutants on meteorology.
•If the air is still and pollutants are unable to disperse, the
local concentration of pollutants will rise. Strong, turbulent
winds, on the other hand, remove pollutants fast, resulting
in reduced pollutant concentrations.
•The destiny of air pollutants is influenced by air
movements. As a result, any study of air pollution should
also include a look at the weather patterns in the area that is
meteorology

6. 3.Benefits Of Analyzing Meteorological Data:
Identify the source of
pollution.
Predict the occurrence
ofinversionsand days with
high pollutant concentrations.
Simulate and predict air
quality with the help of
computer models.

7. •Wind Direction And
Speed
•Temperature
inversion
•Atmospheric Stability
•Mixing Height or
Mixing Depth
4.Meteorological Factors Influencing
Air Pollution
Primary ParametersSecondaryParameter
•Precipitation
•Humidity
•Solar radiation
•Visibility

9. 4.1.1.Wind Direction And Speed
Higher wind speedsgenerally translate to a greater dispersionof air
pollutants, resulting in lower air pollution concentrations in areas with stronger
winds. ... When the air is cooler at night, more stable conditions occur, causing
pollutants to tend to disperse less

10. Why North American cites are not there in the
top 20 air polluted cities list..?
Meteorological Factors :-tornado effect

11. 4.1.2.Temperature inversion
Pollution events are more likely to occur
under temperature inversion conditions.
During extended periods of high pressure in
winter months, solar radiation reaches the
ground, warming it up. At night, the lack of
cloud cover means the ground loses heat
rapidly and the air in contact with the ground
becomes colder. The warmer air rises and
acts as a lid trapping the colder air close to
the ground.so the air layer closest to the
ground becomes more and more polluted

12. Why urban area are more hotter then rural area..?

13. 4.1.3.Atmospheric Stability
When the atmosphere is relatively stable,warm air remains above cool air
and creates an inversion layer. Pollutants released below the inversion layer
will remain trapped at ground level and, in the absence of any atmospheric
instability, prevent the upward transport of the pollutant

14. Why North Indian cites are listed in the top-10
air polluted cities list..?

16. 4.1.4. Mixing Height or Mixing Depth
The height above the surface throughout which a pollutant such as
smoke can be dispersed. During times of surface temperature inversions
(typically night time with clear skies), the mixing height goes to zero and
smoke dispersion is minimal.

18. 4.2.1.Precipitation
When the rain washes particulate matter out of the atmosphere and dissolves
gaseous contaminants, it has a scavenging effect. Visibility is improved by
removing particulates. Also, when there is a lot of rain, the air quality is usually
improved.Acid raincan arise when rain dissolves gaseous pollutants like
Sulphur dioxide, causing possible damage to objects and plant.

19. Dose air pollution causes flood..?

20. 4.2.2.Humidity
Water vapor plays a key role in a variety of
thermal and photochemical reactions in the
atmosphere. They can dramatically raise the
amount of light scattered by particles
suspended in the air if they are bound to
particles . If corrosive gases, such as Sulphur
dioxide, bond to water molecules, the gas will
dissolve in the water and generate an acid
solution that can harm people and property.

21. Have you noticed thin layer of dust on vehicles
In the early morning..?

22. 4.2.3.Solar radiation
The sun delivers energy to Earth's surface in the
form of solar radiation, called surface solar
radiation (SSR) Cloud cover and aerosols –
particulates like dust or ash, kicked up into the air
or coughed out of smokestacks can disperseor
scatter sunlight, resulting in less of it actually
arriving on Earth
Solar radiation must be monitored for use in
modellingphotochemical smogoccurrences
because the intensity of sunlight has a significant
impact on the rate of chemical reactions that form
smog. The intensity of sunlight is affected by
cloudiness in the sky, time of day, and geographic
location.

23. 5.Methods for measurement of meteorological
variable
1.Wind
1.1 wind direction recorder
➢Flat plate
➢Splayed vane
➢Aerofoil vane
➢Running average anemography
1.2 wind direction Aflot
➢Pilot
➢Tetroon
➢Kite balloon
➢Radio and radar
➢Smoke trials

24. 2. Wind speed recorder
3. Humidity measurement
➢Hair hygrometer
➢Infra-red hygrometer
Hair hygrometer
Anemometer
Infra-red hygrometer

25. 4. Temperature measurement
➢Temperature Probe
➢Thermometer
5. Solar radiation measurement
➢Solarimeter
➢Chemical actinometer
Solarimeter
Temperature Probe Thermometer

26. Wind Rose
Wind roses are graphical charts
thatcharacterize the speed and
direction of winds at a location.
Presented in a circular format, the
length of each "spoke" around the
circle indicates the amount of time
that the wind blows from a particular
direction. Colors along the spokes
indicate categories of wind speed.

27. 6. Lapse Rate in Air Pollution Meteorology
❖The rate of change in
temperature as we move up
through the Earth’s atmosphere
is known as the lapse rate
❖When the temperature drops
with elevation, the lapse rate is
positive.
❖It is zerowhen the temperature
remains constant with elevation
❖When the temperature rises with
elevation the adiabatic lapse rate
is negative. This is
calledtemperature inversion.
➢Environmental Lapse Rate: Lapserate at
which temperature changes in the vertical in
the troposphere
(dT/dz)
env= -6.5 K / 1000 metres
➢Adiabatic Lapse Rate: Lapse rate of a parcel
of air which moves adiabatically in the vertical
(dT/dz)
adia= -g/Cp = -9.86
0
C / 1000 metres

28. 7.Atmospheric Stability
The degree of atmospheric stability plays a key role in the ability
of atmosphere to disperse the pollutants emitted to it. It is
determined by comparing ELR and ALR.
When
ELR = ALR, the atmosphere is neutrally stable.
ELR > ALR, the atmosphere is super adiabatic and unstable.
ELR < ALR, the atmosphere is sub adiabatic and stable

29. 7.1. Super Adiabatic
Under an unstable atmospheric
condition, the lapse rate issuper
adiabatic. The actual temperature
gradient is more negative than the dry
adiabatic temperature gradient. A rising
parcel of air gets warmer and tends to
travel upwards due to increasing
buoyancy. Air from different altitudes
mixes thoroughly. There is rapid
dispersion of pollutants throughout the
entire atmosphere. As a result, this is
highly desirable in pollution prevention.
7.2. Sub Adiabatic
Under a stable atmospheric condition,
the lapse rate issub-adiabatic. In this
condition, a rising parcel of air gets
denser, cooler and tends to fall back.
The vertical mixing is very less and
the dispersion of pollutants is very
slow.

30. 8. Plume Behaviour
Aplumeisacolumnofliquid,gas,ordustthatmoves
throughanotherfluid,gas,ordust.Thetermplumeis
commonlyusedtodescribethingslikesmokerisingfroma
chimney.Dependingonthedegreeofatmospherically
instability,exitvelocityfromastackandtheprevailing
windturbulence,theplumeemittedfromastackbehavein
differentways.Let’shavealookateachoneofthem.
➢ConingPlume
➢FanningPlume
➢LoopingPlume
➢NeutralPlume
➢LoftingPlume
➢FumigatingPlume
➢TrappingPlume

31. Reference Sources
•Air PollutionByM.N.Rao& H.V.NRao
•Environmental Pollution Control Engineering-C.S.Rao
•Vincivilworld.Com
•AIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING /
{Kanchiuniv.Ac.In}
•Google Images
•Microsoft Bing

32. Thankyou

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