METEOROLOGYppt Yvone Espartero BEEd 3-A

Science

1. CLOUDS The cloudy part of the atmosphere lies below an invisible 'lid' called the tropopause . Clouds cannot penetrate this top that is put on the weather and about the only time when we actually can see its effect is when thunderclouds spread their anvils under it. The layer below the tropopause is called the troposphere and all weather processes of interest to us occur in the troposphere.

2. Rain Rain is the precipitation of liquid drops of water. There are also other forms of precipitation such as snow, sleet and hail. Raindrops generally have a diameter greater than 0.5 mm (0.02 in). They range in size up to about 3 mm (about 0.13 in) in diameter, and their rate of fall increases, up to 7.6 m (25 ft ) per sec with their size.• There are generally three types of rainfall: orographic rain (also known as relief rain), convectional rain and frontal/cyclonic rain.

3. 1. Relief Rain 1. Warm moist air from the sea 2. Forced to rise over the mountains 3. Air cools as it is forced to rise
4. Condensation
5. Clouds form
6. Rain

4. 3. Frontal Rain 1. Mass of warm air meets a mass of colder air
2. Lighter warm air rises over heavier cold air 3. Warm air cools 4. Condensation 5. Clouds form 6. Rain

5. Wind is air in motion. It is usually the natural horizontal motion of the atmosphere. Winds are produced by differences in atmospheric pressure.

6. Humidity • Humidity is the measurement of the water vapor content in the atmosphere. As water evaporates from lakes, seas and oceans and vegetation loses water through transpiration, the humidity of the air increases. • The relative humidity of the air (ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can contain expressed as a percantage) is measured using a hygrometer .

7. Effects of humidity • Animals and plants Humidity is one of the fundamental abiotic factors that defines any habitat, and is a determinant of which animals and plants can thrive in a given environment. • Human comfort Humans are sensitive to humid air because the human body uses evaporative cooling as the primary mechanism to regulate temperature. • Electronics Many electronic devices have humidity specifications, for example, 5% to 95%. At the top end of the range, moisture may increase the conductivity of permeable insulators leading to malfunction. • Building construction Traditional building designs typically had weak insulation, and it allowed air moisture to flow freely between the interior and exterior.

8. Branches of meteorology Aviation Meteorology

Agricultural Meteorology

Hydrometeorology

Nuclear Meteorology

Maritime Meteorology

9. Aviation meteorology Aviation meteorology deals with the impact of weather on air traffic management. It is important for air crews to understand the implications of weather on their flight plan as well as their aircraft.

10. Agricultural meteorology Involves the integration of climatological and meteorological data and techniques into agricultural problems, such as crop production, soil moisture, moisture stress, and migration of pests. A good background in basic math and sciences is required.

11. Hydrometeorology It is a branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere.

12. Nuclear meteorology Nuclear meteorology investigates the distribution of radioactive aerosols and gases in the atmosphere.

13. Maritime meteorology Deals with air and wave forecasts for ships operating at sea.

14. SUMMARY Meteorology  is the study of events and phenomena that happen in the Earth's atmosphere, mostly in the  troposphere  or lowest level of air.  Time  is a very important factor in meteorology. Meteorology is a specific event during a specific window of time, whereas climatology deals with the historical significance of events. A  forecast  uses patterns of weather to try to predict a new day's conditions. Meteorology is studied at different levels or  scales .

15. Presented by: Angelical Peraman Roxie May C. Española