Method of Ranging, Direct Ranging and Indirect Ranging

Ranging

1. RANGING 1 Prof. Sahil Sharma Department of Civil Engineering Global Group of Institutes, Amritsar

2. Ranging: The process of establishing intermediate point on a straight line between two end points is known as ranging . 2

3. Types of Ranging There are two types of ranging: 1. Direct ranging 2. Indirect ranging 3

4. Direct Ranging Ranging if the points are inter visible 4 A P Q R B S Direct ranging is done when the two ends of the survey lines are inter visible. In such cases , ranging can be done by eye or through some optical instrument such as theodolite etc.

5. 2. Indirect Ranging 5 Ranging when points are not visible

6. Survey lines Main survey lines :- Lines joining the main survey stations are called main survey lines. Base line :-The biggest of the main survey line is called base line. Check line :- Check lines or proof lines are run in the field to check the accuracy of the work. A,B,F & C = main survey stations AB = base line DC & EF = Check line 6 A B C D E F

7. VIDEO LINK https:// youtu.be/x8FaSZCPbM8 https:// youtu.be/9gs-mnpla3Y 7

8. 8 THANK YOU