microalga for food industry: Prospect and challanges

Presentasi prospek mikroalga pada industri pangan

1. Microalgae
Prospect for
Food Industry
Ardiba R Sefrienda

2. Spirulina platensisChlorella sp
Nannochloropsisoculata Haematococcussp
DunaliellaSalina Tetraselmissp.
Botryococcus
braunii
Phytoplankton key -PhycokeyGenera (list) (unh.edu)
http://nordicmicroalgae.org/
Thalassiosirasp.
Chaetocerassp.
Oscillatoriasp.
Chlorococcumsp.
Chroococcusturgidus
Nitzschiasp.
Skeletonemacostatum
Synechococcussp. Euglenasp.
Microcystis sp.
Phaeodactylum
tricornutum
Micractinium Monoraphidiumsp. Chlamydomonas Scenedesmus Staurastrum

3. Classification
CyanobacteriaDinoflagellates
Diatoms Ciliates
photoautotrophic
prokaryotes
single-celled eukaryotes
photosynthetic, mixotrophic
Resting cysts ofScripsiellasp. (a),Alexandrium
pseudogoniaulax(b),Protoceratiumreticulatum(c),A.
taylori(d),A. tamarense(e),Protoperidinium
oblongum(f),Kryptoperidiniumfoliaceum(g),
andGymnodiniumcatenatum(h). Scale bar: 10 µm.
Noctiluca scintillans
Euglena sp.
single-celled w/ frustule
Thalassiosirasp. (a) cell
wall(cyan),chloroplasts(red),DNA(blue),membrane
sandorganelles(green).
(b) on a membrane filter, pore size 0.4 μm.
(a) (b)
Paramecium
Eukaryotes w/ generative
& vegetative nucleus
Clockwise from top
left:Lacrymaria,
Coleps,Stentor, Dileptus,
Paramecium
Euglenophyta
single-celled eukaryotes
w/ chloroplast

4. MicroalgaeasNaturalFoodColoring (Supplement)
•Source of chlorophyll
Pharmaceutical function:
1.Accelerate wound healing
2.Antibacterial
3.Antioxidants (esp. pheophorbide b and pheophytin b)
4.Deodorizing function
Environmental function:
•Capturing CO
2
Natural GreenColor
(-)
•Uniformity,
•Unstable under different pH condition
•More expensive than artificial coloring
Food function:
•Source of antioxidant
Microalgae used: Chlorella, DunaliellaSalina,Selenastrumobliquus, etc
Schematic diagram of supercritical fluid extraction
System:(1) CO2 pump, (2) modifier pump, (3)
extraction cell, (4) fractionation cell I, (5) fractionation cell II,(6) Valve
(Herrero et al, 2006)
Aris Hosikian, SuLim, Ronald Halim, and Michael K. Danquah. 2010. Chlorophyll Extraction from Microalgae: A Review on the Process
Engineering Aspects. International Journal of Chemical Engineering. doi:10.1155/2010/391632

5. •Source of PhycocyaninNatural BlueColor
(-)
•Unstable →using stabilizing agents,
natural polymers and sugars
•Low yield→using pulsed electric fields
(D. PezJaeschke, et al, 2021)
(+)
•Source of antioxidant
•Attractive blue color
Microalgae used: Cyanobacteria (Spirulina sp., Aphanizomenonflos-aquae)
MicroalgaeasNaturalFoodColoring
Phycocyanin Market size →
>USD 18.5 million in 2018
Expected >200 tons by 2025
(Phycocyanin Market size and Share |
Industry Statistics -2025
(gminsights.com)).
Debora Pez Jaeschke, Ingrid Rocha Teixeira, Ligia DamascenoFerreira Marczak, GiovanaDomeneghiniMercali. 2021. Phycocyanin from Spirulina: A review of extraction methods and stability . Food Research International 143 (2021) 110314

6. •Source of a carotenoid astaxanthin Natural RedColor
Microalgae used: Haematococcuspluvialis
MicroalgaeasNaturalFoodColoring (Supplement)
Jannel, Samuel, YanisCaro, Marc Bermudes, and Thomas Petit. 2020. "Novel Insights into the Biotechnological Production ofHaematococcuspluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin:
Advances and Key Challenges to Allow Its Industrial Use as Novel Food Ingredient"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering8, no. 10: 789. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100789
Molecular structures of some configurational and geometrical isomers of astaxanthin
(a) (3S,3’S)-all-trans-astaxanthin; (b) (3R,3’R)-all-trans-astaxanthin; (c) (3R,3’S)-all-
trans-astaxanthin; (d) 9-cis-astaxanthin; (e) 13-cis-astaxanthin
(-)
•Highcostproduction
•restricts its
applications
How?
biomass→improvecultivation process

7. Microalgae as source of DHA
Company Species Product
Martek(AS) Cryptecodinium
cohnii
Infant milk,
feed
OmegaTech(AS) Schizochytrium
sp
Health food,
feed
Bio-Marine (AS) Feed
Advance Bio-Nutrition
(AS)
Nutrinova(Germany) Ulkenia Health food
Source:FDP“Application Of Thraustochytrids For Functional Foods” oleh Prof Witono
•Saferfrom heavy metal,
antibiotics, and contaminant
(compare with fishoil)
•Essentialfattyacidsupplement
forvegetarian
1
Commercial fermentation plant for microalgae production
2
Outline of the SchizochytriumDHA production process. The cells can be
harvested by drum-drying, orprocessed by spray-drying to produce products
for animal feed applications. Alternatively, the cells can be lysed to release
the DHA-rich oil which is recovered with the assistance of a non-polar
solvent, and then refined by processes similar tothose for processing edible
vegetable oils.
2
1.Christina N.Charlesa, Titus Msagati, HuldaSwaiMusaChacha. 2019. Microalgae: An alternative natural source of
bioavailable omega-3 DHA for promotion of mental health in East Africa.ScientificAfrican
2.William Barclay, Kirk Apt, and X. Daniel Dong. 2013. Commercial Production of Microalgae via Fermentation.
Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Applied Phycology and Biotechnology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

8. Microalgaeas meat alternative
(+)
•Promising because of the nutrient quality
YunleiFu, TianpengChen, StephenieHiuYuetChen, Bin Liu, PeipeiSun, Han Sun, Feng Chen. 2021.
The potentials and challenges of using microalgae as an ingredient to produce meat analogues.
Trends in Food Science & Technology

9. Microalgae as Protein Source
•Low land requirements compared to animal-based proteins: <2.5 m
2
/kg of
protein (Van KrimpenM et al, 2013) compared to pork, chicken, and beef
47–64, 42–52 and 144–258 m
2
/kg of protein (de Vries M, et al, 2010)
E.W. Becker. 2007. Micro-algae as a source of protein. Biotechnology Advances 25 207–210
Optimal conditions steps for pigment and protein extraction from Arthrospiraplatensis and Porphyridiumcruentum.
Source: Based on Idakiev, H., Baecker, S., 2018. Extraction of proteins and active substances from microalgae. INFORM
(International News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials) 29, 2225.