Microalgae as aquatic,poultry and cattle feed

Microalgae technology - Microalgae as aquatic,poultry and cattle feed

1. VIVEKANANDA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN veerachipalayam sankagiri , Selam, Tamilnadu. DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SUBJECT : MICROALGAL TECHNOLOGY TOPIC: MICROALGAE AS AQUATIC, POULTRY AND CATTLE FEED Submitted by: J.Swathi I-M.Sc.Microbiology Department of Microbiology VIAAS, sankagiri Subject incharge Dr.R .DINESH KUMAR Assistant Professor Department of Microbiology, VIAAs,sangakiri.

2. I NTRODUCTION Microalgae are microscopic unicellular or colonial photosynthetic organisms found mainly in aquatic environments, including freshwater and marine systems. They are primary producers in ecosystems, converting sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis and contributing significantly to oxygen production. Microalgae is to produce oxygen by the process of photosynthesis and is known to be responsible for more than 50% of the total oxygen production.

3. INTRODUCTION It has been estimate than about 200,000-800,000 species exist of which about 50,000 species are described. Most of these microalgae species produce unique products like fatty acid, caroteneoids, antioxidant,enzymes,polymers ,peptides,toxin and sterols. Example of microalgae ,,Spirulina,Dunaliella and Heamotococcus pluvialis,diatoms,IsoChlorellachrysis,Nannochloropsis .

4. MICROALGAE IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS Microalgae are crucial for  aquatic ecosystem productivity , diversity, and functioning because they form the base of the aquatic food web. They engage in photosynthesis, producing oxygen and organic matter that sustains aquatic life.

5. AQUATIC ALGAE The aquatic environment comprises about 70 per cent of the surface of the earth ,and here the algae are of great importance as primary producer of elaborated organic materials. In this way, algae play a critical role in the economy of both freshwater and sea and ocean. Types of habitat in microalgae Freshwater microalgae Marine microalgae Brackish water microalgae

6. FRESH WATER MICROALGAE Enormous number of algae occur in water of low salinity called fresh water. They grow even in as low a salinity as 10 ppm in water surroundings like ponds,tanks,ditches,lakes,puddles,ect. Example :Chlorella,Melosira,Closterium,Scenedesmus,Cymbella, Nitzschia,Oscillatoria,Gyrosigma,Cosmarium .

7. MARINE WATER MICROALGAE Algae of the sea water are called marine algae. They grow generally in water where the solutes are usually30-40 parts per thousand. Marine vegetative occupies only about 2% of the general surface of the sea of which a large part occupied by the phytoplankton mainly of the diatioms and dinoflagellates. Example : Nanochloropsis,Isochrysis,Dunaliella

8. BRACKISH WATER MICROALGAE Brackish water is a mixture of fresh water and sea water that has more salinity than freshwater but less than sea water . Species of algae that grow in water having salinity less than of sea water usually below 33 and above 10 . EXAMPLE: Spirulina,Neochloris,Tetraselmis,Haematococcus

9. NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF MICROALGAE Microalgae have a  high nutritional value  due to their rich content of proteins, essential fatty acids, dietary f iber, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, making them excellent candidates for functional foods and supplements . Nutrient Typical Range Protein 12–70% Lipids 7–23% Carbohydrates 4.6–25% Omega-3 PUFAs High in EPA & DHA Vitamins A, B-complex, C, E Minerals Iron, Ca, Mg.

10. NUTRIENT COMPOSITION MICROALGAE PROTEIN % CARBOHYDRATE% LIPIDS% Chlorella vulgaris 51-58 12-17 14-22 Euglena gracilis 39-61 14-18 14-20 Porphyridium cruentum 28-39 40-57 9-14 Arthrospira maxima 60-71 13-16 6-7 Tetraselmis suecica 46-63 08-14 4-9 Tisochrysis lutea 34-42 10-17 28 Nannochloropsis 20-35 15-25 20-30

11. MICROALGAE AS AQUATIC FEED INTRODUCTION Microalgae are microscopic photosynthetic organisms found in freshwater and marine environments. They are rich in proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, pigments, and essential fatty acids. They serve as the primary feed source in aquatic ecosystems and are widely used in aquaculture.

12. IMPORTANCE IN AQUACULTURE Used as feed for fish larvae, mollusks (oysters, clams), crustaceans (shrimp, prawns), and zooplankton (rotifers, Artemia). Improve growth, survival rate, coloration, and nutritional value of cultured species. Enhance water quality by oxygen production and nutrient recycling .

13. NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION Component Function in Aquatic Feed Proteins (30–60%) Essential for growth and tissue repair. Lipids (10–30%)Source of energy and essential fatty acids (EPA, DHA). Carbohydrates (10–20%)Energy source. Vitamins & Minerals Support metabolism and immunity. Pigments (β-carotene, astaxanthin, chlorophyll) Improve coloration and act as antioxidants.

14. Microalgae Main uses Nutrient content Chlorella sp. Fish & shrimp larvae High protein, vitamins Spirulina sp. Fish & shrimp larvae Rich in protein, β-carotene Dunaliella salina Fish & shrimp High β-carotene and glycerol Nannochloropsis sp. Marine fish & rotifers High EPA content Isochrysis galbana Shellfish larvae High DHA and sterols Tetraselmis sp. Shrimp, mollusks Balanced nutrition, motile cells Skeletonema costatum Marine larvae Source of PUFA and pigments COMMON MICROALGAE USED IN AQUATIC FEED

15. MICROALGAE AS POULTRY FEED Microalgae are increasingly recognized as a valuable ingredient in poultry feed due to their rich content of proteins, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds that support health, growth, and production performance . Microbial infections severely damage poultry, which affects their growth and nutritional value. Antibiotics have been added to animal and poultry feed to combat these infections and promote growth B ut the use of antibiotics leads to many health disorders in both animals and humans.

16. MICROALGAE AS POULTRY FEED They are primarily added to avian diets as a source of long-chain n-3   polyunsaturated fatty acid   (PUFAs), including docosahexaenoic eicosapentaenoic acids, and are also a valuable source of protein,  microelements , vitamins, and antioxidants. In addition, microalgae act as a coloring agent for egg yolks and skin.  Various studies have shown that microalgae, especially  Spirulina  and   Chlorella can be efficiently used as feed supplements in poultry diets with positive effects on the quality of chicken meat and egg. Microalgae help to increase the level of n-3 PUFAs and   carotene , which positively influences performance and immune response.

17. IMPACTS OF MICROALGAE ON POULTRY PRODUCTIVITY Produces omega 3 in rich meat. Reduces intestinal pathogens. Improves meat color and quality. Improves egg quality. Improves egg yolk pigmentation. Decreases cholesterol level in egg yolk. Ehances intestinal health and absorbability. Increases body weight and feed intake.

18. MICROALGAE AS CATTLE FEED Microalgae are emerging as a  nutritious and sustainable feed supplement  for cattle, providing protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds that benefit animal health and productivity.

19. BENEFITS OF MICROALGAE AS CATTLE FEED NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS Protein Fatty acids Vitamins and minerals Antioxidants Protein : microalgae are an excellent source of protein providing essential amino acids crucial for optimal growth and development . Fatty acids : p olyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs), especially EPA and DHA, which contribute to animal health and can enrich meat with Omega   -3s. Vitamins and minerals:  Microalgae offer a broad spectrum of vitamins(vit-A,B,C,E,K) and essential minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and zinc, which are vital for skeletal development, immune function, and overall metabolic processes in cattle.

20. NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS ANTIOXIDANTS : They are rich in antioxidants and other bioactive components, such as carotenoids, which provide tissue protection, enhance immune status, and can affect the color of animal products.

21. BENEFITS FOR POULTRY PRODUCTION Enhances immune system Reduces oxidative stress Improve gut health Increases milk yield and meat quality Improve fertility and reproduction

22. MICROALGAE FOR CATTLE FEED Improves com health, growth,and product quality. Better milk production Healthier rumen function Reduces oxidative stress and strengthens immunity. Chlorella vulgaris

23. TYPES OF MICROALGAE FOR CATTLE FEED Spirulina : Natural growth stimulant Boost immune system Stablelize intestinal floral Decrease odour on farm Increase the milk and meat production

24. REFERENCE https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352186420316400 . https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916423005908 https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/23/16278 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microalgae https://www.aquaticlivefood.com.au/benefits-of-microalgae-for-aquatic-life/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589014X23004176 https://www.fao.org/4/w3732e/w3732e07.htm https://jasbsci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40104-021-00593-z https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464619304694

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