Microbial metabolism & kinetics.,By manipulating environmental conditions and genetic factors, scientists and engineers can enhance microbial efficiency and productivity, leading to innovations in biotechnology and sustainable development.

Microbial metabolism and kinetics are fundamental concepts in microbiology and biotechnology, focusing on how microorganisms convert substrates into energy, cellular components, and metabolic by-products. These processes are governed by complex biochemical pathways and are influenced by various environmental factors. Understanding these concepts is crucial for optimizing industrial bioprocesses, developing pharmaceuticals, and addressing environmental challenges. μ=
K
s
​
+[S]
μ
max
​
[S]
​

𝜇
μ: Specific growth rate
𝜇
max
μ
max
​
: Maximum specific growth rate
[
𝑆
]
[S]: Substrate concentration
𝐾
𝑠
K
s
​
: Half-saturation constant, Lag Phase: Period of adaptation where microorganisms adjust to their environment but show little to no growth.
Exponential (Log) Phase: Rapid cell division and growth, where the population doubles at a constant rate.
Stationary Phase: Growth rate slows as nutrients become limited and waste products accumulate, leading to a balance between cell division and cell death.
Death Phase: The number of dying cells exceeds the number of new cells formed, leading to a decline in the overall population.Batch Culture: A closed system where no additional nutrients are added after the initial inoculation. It goes through all phases of microbial growth.
Continuous Culture: An open system where fresh nutrients are continuously added, and waste products are removed. This maintains the culture in the exponential phase for extended periods, allowing for steady-state conditions.

1. Microbial metabolism and growth kinetics Dr. P. Berciyal Golda AP/BT/VICAS Unit 1 Microbial metabolism and growth kinetics

2. Introduction The term used to describe all of the chemical reactions inside a cell is metabolism. Throughout earth’s history, microbial metabolism has been a driving force behind the development and maintenance of the planet’s biosphere. Prokaryotes can metabolize a wide range of organic as well as inorganic matter, from complex organic molecules like cellulose to inorganic molecules and ions. By metabolizing such substances, microbes chemically convert them to other forms. Microbial metabolism normally transports electrons intracellularly from electron donors (e.g. organic compounds) to electron acceptors (e.g. oxygen) to gain bioenergy. Unit 1 Microbial metabolism and growth kinetics

3. Microbial metabolism Microbial metabolism is based on the principle of harnessing the energy flow during chemical transformation, typically by transporting nutrients into the cell, creating these gradients by anabolic processes, and subsequently harnessing these gradients by catabolic processes. Unit 1 Microbial metabolism and growth kinetics

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9. The main components of the metabolic pathway are  substrates, enzymes, intermediates, and end products . Unit 1 Microbial metabolism and growth kinetics

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14. Unit 1 Microbial metabolism and growth kinetics Cellular respiration is  an energy generating process that occurs in the plasma membrane of bacteria. Glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water using oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration, and other molecules such as nitrate (NO3) in anaerobic cellular respiration , meaning simply, without oxygen .

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19. Microbial growth kinetics the relationship between the specific growth rate (μ) of a microbial population and the substrate concentration (s), is an indispensable tool in all fields of microbiology, be it physiology, genetics, ecology, or biotechnology, Unit 1 Microbial metabolism and growth kinetics

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31. Unit 1 Microbial metabolism and growth kinetics Μ =Specific growth rate coefficient

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