Microclimate

DETAILED VIEW OF MICROCLIMATE

1. Government polytechnic college manjeri, Kerala – 676123 ph. 0483 276 3550 department of civil engineering g.p.c manjeri

2. MICROCLIMATE SUBMITTED BY MOHAMMED SHAMEEM V S5 CE 19012260 GUIDED BY ASWATHI KRISHNA LUCTURER CIVIL

3. CONTENT INTRODUCTION DEFENISSION OF MICROCLIMATE THE FACTORS EFFECTING LOCAL DEVIATION MICROCLIMET ON DEFFERENT REJION THE FACTORS AFFECTING MICROCLIMATE USES OF MICROCLIMATE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES CONCLUSION REFERANCE 4

4. INTRODUCTION You may think the climate in your house is consistent from one area to another, but most space have microclimates. These areas vary a bit from the rest of your house in light, temperature, and other conditions. This is the slides about  what is microclimate and how microclimates affect our atmosphere . 5

5. DEFENISSION OF MICROCLIMATE Immediate changes in local climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind, etc. 6

6. DEFENISSION OF MICROCLIMATE OR Any local deviation from the climate of a larger area, whatever the scale may be. 7

7. DEFENISSION OF MICROCLIMATE OR Climate of a small area which is different from the larger area around it. 8

8. Factors EFFECTING the local deviation Slope, orientation, exposure, elevation, hills or valleys at or near the ground. Topography (Whether natural or man-made): affect in terms of reflectance, permeability and the soil temperature as these affect the vegetation and this in turn affects the climate.(woods, shrubs, grass, paving, water, etc.). Ground surface 9 such as trees, tree belts, fences, walls and buildings as these may influence air movement, cast a shadow, etc. Three dimensional objects

9. Microclimate on different rejoins Weather ; short term properties of atmosphere. ( temp, pressure, humidity, sunshine , cold, etc.…) Climate ; Average weather of an area: 'is divided into climatic zones. Microclimate : The climatic conditions that prevail at a local scale or in area of limited size

10. Urban microclimates 11 What affects the microclimate in an urban area ? Concrete Tarmac Tall buildings Surface drainage Glass Business and industry

11. Sketch of an Urban Heat-Island Profile 12

12. microclimate in a valley 13 North-facing slope, this is much colder as it doesn’t have the sun heating it. Areas near the ocean are much warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer. North facing slopes lose their snow much sooner so enjoy more lush growth of plants.

13. Coastal microclimates 14 In the summer there are local differences between the temperatures of the sea and the land. As the high temperatures on the land make the air above them rise, the area of low pressure causes a breeze from the colder sea to move to fill the gap left

14. forest microclimate 15 On a sunny day, it is warmer towards the edges of a forest A dense forest would be colder in the middle Wind speed would obviously be much lower in the forest

15. The factors affecting microclimate Temperature Humidity 16 Solar radiation Air flow Fire water Earth wind

16. 17 AIR TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE INVERSION The phenomenon of decreasing temperature with increase in altitude. heat exchange varies with day/night, season, time of the year, latitude and cloud cover. During the day, with the heating of the earth surface, the air nearest to the ground gains most temperature.

17. 18 HUMIDITY PRECIPITATION SKY CONDITIONS Abrupt change in topography may cause a permanent cloud cover like in the rock of Gibraltar. When ground level changes by more than 300m, the windward side receives more rainfall than the regional average. Relative humidity is inversely proportional to temperature. During the day, when the lowest layer of air is heated by the ground surface, RH decreases rapidly.

18. 19 Earth: Topography Rain & Snow Shadows Form when moisture precipitates out as air moves up slope The leeward side of a hill can protect from unwanted winds

19. 20 Topography, water bodies and other local features create local climate conditions known as microclimate. For example mountains commonly result in high rainfall on the windward side and low rainfall in the rain shadow of the leeward side, Rain shadow effect

20. 21 Solar Radiation 1. Transparency of the atmosphere 2. Slope and orientation of the site: 3. Obstructions like hills, trees, existing buildings

21. 22 A ir Movement Air flowing across any surface is subjected to frictional forces. Wind speed near the round is less than the speed than higher up and the difference depends on the smoothness/evenness of the surface. Wind Movement Morning and afternoon "diurnal winds" are intensified in canyons and on sloped surfaces and diverted by hills and ridges Warm air rises Cool air drops

22. 23 Lakes & Oceans Water: Thermal Mass Large water bodies Warm temperatures are reduced in summer Cool temperatures are raised in winter. Large bodies of water moderate local temperatures. A thermal mass that can act as at thermal buffer/ heat sink. On shore winds occur when water temperature is lower than adjoining air temperature over land. WATER :

23. 24 VEGETATION Evapotranspiration : Trees and shrubbery give off moisture that increase humidity Trees provide shade and affect the micro climate of the place.

24. USES OF MICROCLIMATE 25

25. 26 Impermeable surfaces reduce evaporative cooling opportunities Ground Cover

26. 27 27 Darker surfaces absorb radiant Surface Colour Lighter surfaces reflect radiant heat

27. 28 28 Buildings store heat and give it out in the afternoon. Buildings close together can break up winds. It would be warmer, especially in the afternoon The buildings heat transfer

28. Advantages & Disadvantages OF MICROCLIMATE 29

29. Advantages Reduce costs of winter heating Reduce summer overheating and the need for cooling Maximize outdoor comfort in summer and winter Provide a better visual environment in spaces around buildings Encourage growth of plants Discourage growth of mosses and algae Facilitate open air drying of clothes 30

30. Disadvantages In urban areas, balconies and rooftops create similar microclimates It’s not easy to change in climates large area Natural courses cant full fill Whipping winds (especially in winter) can damage plants dry out soil and cause the erosion of topsoil. Since water flows downhill, valuable organic nutrients can be quickly washed away 31

31. CONCLUSION Increase in the frequency of extreme weather events due to global warming triggered climate changes have resulted in manifold increase in vulnerability and climatic risks in agriculture. Inter- and intra-seasonal weather variability and extreme weather events like droughts, floods, heat and cold waves, strong winds, hailstorms, cyclones etc. have increased over the recent 32

32. REFERENCE Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 1-15 (2017) Journal of Agricultural Physics ISSN 0973-032X BY :- P.K. KINGRA & HARLEEN KAUR http://www.agrophysics.in 33 Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec-2018 Variability of Microclimate Daily Dynamic in Small Island ISSN: 2456-1878 BY :- Christophil S. Medellu https://issuu.com/ijeabjournal/docs/29_variabilityof March 2013 Malaria Journal BY :- KRIJN PAAIJMANS http://www.malariajournal.com/content/12/1/84

33. Advanta 34 THANK YOU