Microstructural and Durability of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Concrete Containing a Blend of Waste Marble Powder and Waste Glass Powder

Research Presentation on
Microstructural and Durability of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Concrete Containing a Blend of Waste Marble Powder and Waste Glass Powder by Dejene Mengesha

1. Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Architecture & Civil Engineering
(Construction Technology and Management Stream)
MSc. Thesis Presentation on
Microstructural and Durability of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced
Concrete Containing a Blend of Waste Marble Powder and
Waste Glass Powder
By: DejeneMengesha
Advisor: BelachewAsteray(Ph.D.)
September, 2022

2. 1)Introduction
2)Materials and Methods
3)Results and Discussion
4)Conclusions and Recommendations
Outline
2

3. 1. Introduction
•Concreteisoneoftheoldestconstructionmaterialsintheconstruction
industryanditiswidelyusedthroughouttheworld.
•Itisaproductobtainedartificiallybyhardeningofthemixtureofcement,
fineaggregate,coarseaggregate,wateranditusessteelbarifitis
reinforced.
•Cementisoneofingredientwhichusedasabinderinconcrete.But,
Background
3

4. 1. Introduction
•Theproductionprocessofcementhaveanegativeimpactonenvironmentand
economyaswell.Duetothis,usingdifferentalternativematerialforcementhave
beenstartedsincemanyyearsback.
•Thisstudyalsodealswiththepropertiesof:
WasteMarblePowder(WMP)
WasteGlassPowder(WGP)
AgedBamboo
Background
4

5. 1. Introduction
•The durability property of concrete made by ordinary cement is affected by chemical
attack, sulfate attack, water permeability and micro-pore structure.
•Cement production leads to high CO
2emission.
1 tone Cement = 1 tone CO
2
•Cementproductionprocessisthemostenergyintensivebecauseofextremeheat
requiredtoproduceclinker.
•Use of non-renewable naturalresources
1 tone Cement = 1.5 tones CaCO
3
•Studies predict that an acute shortage of limestone may come after 25 to 50 years.
Statement of the Problem
5

6. 1. Introduction
•Waste glass from different industry leads to land fill problem.on the other hand
suitable landfill sites become scarce.
so, how can we enhance the durability property as well as minimize the environmental
and economic problems of concrete made by ordinary cement?
•Byusingindustrialby-productsasanalternativebinder.
•Tothiseffect,thisstudyusedwastemarblepowderandwasteglasspowderaspartial
replacementofcementinconcreteproduction.
•Ontheotherhand,itincorporatedbamboofibertoenhancetensileproperties.
Statement of the Problem
6

7. 1. Introduction
General Objective
Themainobjectiveofthisresearchwastoinvestigatethemechanical,microstructuraland
durabilityofbamboofiberreinforcedconcretecontainingablendofwastemarblepowderand
wasteglasspowderaspartialreplacementofcement.
Specific Objectives
Toinvestigatethemechanicalpropertyofbamboofiberreinforcedconcreteusingablendof
wastemarbledustandwasteglasspowderaspartialreplacementofcement.
Toinvestigatethemicrostructuralpropertyofbamboofiberreinforcedconcreteusingablend
ofwastemarbledustandwasteglasspowderaspartialreplacementofcement.
Toinvestigatethedurabilitypropertyofbamboofiberreinforcedconcreteusingablendof
wastemarbledustandwasteglasspowderaspartialreplacementofcement.
Objectives of the Study
7

8. 1. Introduction
Theresearchintendedtoinvestigatepotentialuseofalternativematerialpartially
replacethecementwithoutaffectingthemechanical,microstructuralanddurability
propertyofbamboofiberreinforcedconcrete.
Itattainseco-friendlyandcostefficientalternativepozzolanicmaterialfromindustrial
by-product.
Thefindingsshowhowtooptimizeproportioningofwastemarblepowderandwaste
glasspowdertouseasacementsubstitutioninconcrete.
Inaddition,thisstudywillhaveimportanceinenhancingtheconceptofbamboofiber
inconcreteproductionwithrelatedtotensilecracks.
Significance of the Study
8

9. 2. Materials and Methods
•Cement
•Fine Aggregate
•Coarse Aggregate
•Water
•Waste marble powder
•Waste glass powder
•Bamboo fiber (3-4yrs)
Materials
9

10. 2. Materials and Methods
WGP
Materials
Bamboo
Fiber
10

11. 2. Materials and Methods
Methods
11
Mix Design -it followed procedures as per ACI-211.1-91 & ACI 318-89.
•Three samples were cast by replacing a blend of WMP and WGP partially as cement at
0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%and symbolized as CM, M1, M2, M3, and M4 respectively.
•Bamboo fiber was incorporated as 0.75% addition on all mixes except the control mix.
Sampling-ACI 214R-11 and ASTM C 172-99
Casting-ASTM C31/C31M
Curing -ASTM C31/C31M & ASTM C511

12. 2. Materials and Methods
S.No. Description Methods (Standards)
1Grading of aggregates ASTM C 33-03
2Specific gravity & Absorption ASTM C 128
3Moisture content ASTM C 566-97
4Slump test ASTM C 143
5Compressive strength test ASTM C 109
6V-notched Iosipescushear test ASTM standard D-5379 (1993)
7Pull-out test (bond stress) ASTM C 234
8Water penetration test BS EN 12390-8:2000
9Water absorption for Hardened concreteASTM C 642-97
10Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)ASTM C 597-02
Methods
12

13. Chemical composition of OPC, WMP &WGP
Chemical Name OPC WMP WGP
SiO
2 20.84 5.74 70.76
AL
2O
3 4.72 0.01 0.83
Fe
2O
3 3.35 0.01 0.54
CaO 65.88 50.26 8.28
MgO 2.08 1.38 3.24
Na
2O 0.26 0.01 14.28
K
2O 0.61 0.56 1.04
MnO - 0.01 0.01
P
2O
5 - 0.01 0.01
TiO
2 - 0.01 0.01
H
2O - 0.2 0.18
LOI 0.87 41.26 0.21
Gradation of fine aggregate
3. Results and Discussion
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Cumulative Passing (%)
Sieve Size (mm)
Cumulative Passing Lower Limit Upper Limit
13

14. Physical properties of fine aggregatePhysical properties of coarse aggregate
3. Results and Discussion
Description Test Results
Silt Content 3.34%
Fineness Modulus 3.0
Moisture Content 2.67%
Specific
Gravity
OD 2.13
SSD 2.17
Water Absorption 2.04%
Description Test Results
Fineness Modulus 3.0
Moisture content 0.502%
Loose Unit Weights 1569.3 kg/m
3
Dry Rodded Unit Weight1680 kg/m
3
Specific
Gravity
OD 2.82
SSD 2.86
Water Absorption 1.21%
14

15. Average Compressive Strength
3. Results and Discussion
The Effect of Blended WMP and WGP on the Mechanical Properties
20.71
21.28
23.65
20.03 19.67
32.80
31.28
34.67
28.69
27.57
CM M1 M2 M3 M4
Compressive strength
(
MP
a
)
Mix type
7th day28th day
•On the 7
th
day, maximum result is 23.65MPa
which is recorded at M2(10%) and showed
increment by 1.1% as compared to the control
mix.
•On the 28
th
day, maximum result is 34.67MPa
which is recorded at M2(10%) and showed
increment by 5.7% as compared to the control
mix.
•34.67MPa > 33.5MPa, the expected target
mean strength of the design mix at 28
th
day.
•when the replacement level exceeds from
10%, the strength become reduce.
15

16. 3. Results and Discussion
Average Splitting Tensile Strength
•On the 28
th
day, a 10%, 6.5%and 2.8%
increment were recorded by M1, M2 and M3
respectively as compared to control mix.
•The maximum result is 3.52 MPa which
recorded at M1(5%) and it is 10.15%of
maximum compressive strength recorded.
•The increments recorded by M1, M2, and M3
showed us an addition of 0.75%bamboo fiber
has a contribution for better tensile strength.
•At 20%replacement, the strength become
reduced by 3.75%.
3.20
3.52
3.41
3.29
3.08
CM M1 M2 M3 M4
Splitting tensile strength
(
MP
a
)
Mix type
16

17. 3. Results and Discussion
Shear Stress (Ꚍ)
•Double V-notched shear (Iosipescushear test),loads are applied in anti-symmetric
four points bending, to insure a pure shear section and zero bending at the center of
the samples.
•Ꚍ=
??????
(????????????)
, It is used to create a uniform shear stress distribution in the pure shear section.
17

18. 3. Results and Discussion
Average Shear Stress (Ꚍ)
•On the 28
th
day, a 21.9%, 31.3% and 17%
increments were recorded by M1, M2 and
M3respectively as compared to control mix.
•The maximum result is 10.26MPawhich
recorded at M2(10%).
•An addition of 0.75%bamboo fiber has a
contribution for better cracking resistance
at M1, M2 and M3.
•When the replacement level exceeds 20%
the shear strength become reduced.
7.81
9.52
10.26
9.14
7.79
CM M1 M2 M3 M4
Shear stress
,
Ꚍ
(MP
a
)
Mix type
18

19. 3. Results and Discussion
Bond Stress (Pull-out)
•The specimens were cast in 150 mm by 150 mm cubical mold and 14mm diameters of
deformed steel bars were partially embedded with a length of 120mm and it extend
outside the concrete cube of 630mm to allow gripping of the bars by the UTM.
•Ꚍ
b=
??????
(π??????
??????
??????
??????
)
where, p:load (KN), d
b: diameter of embedded rebar (mm),??????
??????:embedded
length (mm)
19

20. 3. Results and Discussion
Average Bond Stress
•A maximum bond stress is 10.61MParecorded by M2(10%), i.e. Mix-2required the
highest ultimate load to slip the reinforcement bar that embedded in the concrete cube.
•The rest mixes (M1, M3 & M4)achieved a better value of bond stress as compared to
the control mix, but there was no significant variation; rather, they are comparable.
•The results indicated that bond stress increases with increasing compressive strength.
No. Mix
Type
Nominal Bar
Diameter (mm)
Embedment
Length (mm)
Maximum Axial Load,
P
max(KN)
28
th
Day Average Bond Stress,
Ꚍ
b(MPa)
1 CM 14 120 48.48 9.01
2 M1
14 120
52.46 9.85
3 M2
14 120
56.64 10.61
4 M3
14 120
52.41 9.80
5 M4 14 120 51.72 9.65
20

21. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3. Results and Discussion
The Effect of Blended WMP and WGP on the Microstructural Properties
Pore C-H Crystal C-S-H
•The figures shows SEM image for control mix, mix-1 and mix-2 respectively.
•In the first image (control mix), the pore structure is relatively large in size.
•In the second image (M1), the pores are smaller in size relative to the control and C-S-Hand C-H
crystals are shown explicitly.
21

22. 3. Results and Discussion
Scanning Electron Microscopy
•In the last image (M3), C-S-Hparticles are shown in the dominated area when the pore
structure is filled due to the fineness of WMP and WGP.
•Replacement of up to 10% showed a denser microstructural matrixthat leads to a
reduction of pores, formation of micro cracks and enhances the contact between the
aggregates.
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
•It showed mineralogical composition.
•X-axisindicate diffraction angle (2θ).
•Y-axisindicate X-ray intensity.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Intensity (a.u)
2θ(Deg)
C
A
S
P
Q
Q
Q
P
Q
Q
Q
Legend:
P= Portandite, Ca(OH)
2
C-A-S = Calcium Aluminum
Silicate
Q = Quartz, SiO
2
C-S-H = Calcium Silicate
Hydrate
22

23. 3. Results and Discussion
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
•PortlanditeCa(OH)
2found in both
mixes, showed degree of hydration.
•Quartz (SiO
2) found in WGPhas a
contribution for better compressive
strength due to creation of CaSiO
2.
•Silicain WGP reacts with C-Hin
WMP produced C-S-Hgel.
•Calcium Aluminum Silicatefound
in control mixand M1produced
during the mixing of CaCO
3and
Aluminum Silicate.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Intensity (a.u)
2θ(Deg)
P
C
S
H
P
C
S
HP
P
P
p
C
A
S
P
P
Legend:
P= Portandite, Ca(OH)
2
C-A-S = Calcium Aluminum Silicate
Q = Quartz, SiO
2
C-S-H = Calcium Silicate Hydrate
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Intensity (a.u)
2θ(Deg)
P
C
S
H
p
C
S
H
PC
S
H
P
Legend:
P= Portandite, Ca(OH)
2
C-A-S = Calcium Aluminum Silicate
Q = Quartz, SiO
2
C-S-H = Calcium Silicate Hydrate
23

24. Water Permeability
3. Results and Discussion
The Effect of Blended WMP and WGP on the durability Properties
•A 200mm height and 100mm Ø cylindrical specimens were cast and cured for 28 days.
•Then, the samples were placed and tightened on apparatus and subjected to water
pressurefor 0.3 MPa for the first 24 hours, 0.5 MPa for the second 24 hours, and 0.7
MPa for the last 24 hours. At the end of the 3
rd
day, remove the specimens and split.
24

25. Water Permeability
3. Results and Discussion
The Effect of Blended WMP and WGP on the durability Properties
•The darker portion needs less effort when
subjected to splitting load and shows that
easily penetrated.
•24.3mm, 22.6mm, 21.3mmand 27mmwere
recorded by M1, M2, M3 and M4respectively.
All are achieved less penetration depth as
compared to control mix.
•The minimum depth recorded at M3, which is
lesserthan the control mix by 31.2%and less
permeableand more resistant to water attack.
31.0
24.3
22.7
21.3
27.0
32
25
23 23
28
CM M1 M2 M3 M4
Water penetration depth (mm)
Mix type
Average ValueMaximum Value
25

26. Water Absorption
3. Results and Discussion
The Effect of Blended WMP and WGP on the durability Properties
•The minimumaverage absorption
capacity is 1.91%recorded by M3(15%)
and lesser significantly as compared to
the control mix.
•However, M1, M2 and M4 recorded
4.6%, 5.71% and 5.71% as an absorption
capacity; they have good enough too as
compared to the control mix of 8.56%.
8.56
4.60
5.71
1.91
5.71
CM M1 M2 M3 M4
Average Absorption
(%)
Mix Type
Average absorption after immersion, %
26

27. Acid Attack
3. Results and Discussion
The Effect of Blended WMP and WGP on the durability Properties
•At 56
th
day, the maximum increment in mean
compressive strength is 20%recorded by M2.
•An increment in change in mass have noticed
in all mix except M2. M2 become decreased
by 7.28%as compared to the average mass
recorded by itself before being soaked into
3% H
2SO
4solution.
•Corrosion-type yellowish color has been
noticed on some parts of all mixes except M1.
•On M1bothyellowish and efflorescence type
whitencolor have noticed.
Mix
Type
Average Mass
after 28
th
days
(Kg)
Average Mass
after 56
th
days
(Kg)
Color change
after 56 days
56th Day Mean
Compressive
Strength (MPa)
CM 8.31 8.82 Whiten 34.50
M1 9.92 9.97 Whiten &
Yellowish
35.90
M2 8.78 8.14 Yellowish 41.47
M3 8.11 8.29 Yellowish 38.57
M4 8.23 8.35 Yellowish 37.63
27

28. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)
3. Results and Discussion
The Effect of Blended WMP and WGP on the durability Properties
•All mixes recorded better result than
control mix.
•A5.5%average UPV value increment
was recorded by M4as compared to
the control.
•The results achieved by other mixes
were comparableand categorized as
‘Good Quality’ as per IS:13311 part-
1, 1992.
Mix
Type
Average
Transit
Time, T
(µsec)
Length of
Cylinder, L
(mm)
UPV
(mm/µsec)
V=L/T
Remarks as per
IS:13311 part-1,
1992
CM
45.6 200 4.38 Good
M1
47.6 200 4.20 Good
M2
51.3 200 3.90 Good
M3
45.4 200 4.40 Good
M4
43.3 200 4.62 Excellent
28

29. 4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions
•There is an improvement in compressive, shear stress and bond stress at
M2(10%). whereas, a maximum splitting tensile strength was recorded at
M1(5%).
•SEM showed a relative denser microstructure at M2(10%), on which more
area covered by C-S-H particles and XRD analysis illustrated Ca(OH)
2, C-A-S,
SiO
2& C-S-H as a phases.
•A more water resistant BFRC was found at M3(15%). Whereas, M2(10%)
showed improvement in resistance from H
2SO
4.
29

30. 4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions
•A significant improvement has been recorded in water permeability and
water absorption capacity of BFRC. A 10-15% blend of WMP and WGP uses
as a replacement of cement for the construction which is required to be
durable in contacts with water.
Concrete tiles for walkway
For manhole bed
30

31. 4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Recommendations
•Much waste glass is available in different construction sites and local shops, which have
a potential utilization as partial substitution of cement up to 15% and enhance some
properties.
•It may be more suitable to conduct high-strength concrete because the Silica content in
glass powder has a pozzolanicproperty which increases chemical reaction and better
filling role.
•This study used Engineered and 3-4 years aged bamboo after extraction, it contributed a
better tensile strength. Accordingly, this study promoted to trying to use aged and well-
dried bamboo both as a fiber form and reinforcement bar for structures which not
required to resist higher loads.
31

32. 4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Recommendations
Further studies are required in the following areas:
•To conduct an additional TGA test which is used to identify crystalline phases before and
after hydration that helps to interpret more the XRD result.
•To validate the mechanical test result by ABAQUS simulation software which uses
materials stress-strain, poison ratio, elasticity, and other properties as an input.
•To study cost implications of using a blend of WMP and WGP as partial substitution.
32

33. Thank You
33