Milady nail disease and disorder Lecture

Lecture of Ch 10 Milady

1. MILADY NAIL DISEASES & DISORDERS The HOW and WHY :Disorders. Infections. Diseases.

2. TUESDAY- Intro to why we study the diseases & disorders; Hangnails WEDNESDAY- Leukonychia to Nail curvatures THURSDAY- Nail infections to diseases of the nail FRIDAY- Tissue inflammations; Review for both chapters

3. THE NATURAL NAIL- Health & Tips A normal healthy nail is firm but flexible Shiny, smooth & unspotted No ridges, pitts or splits Whitish, translucent with pink color of nail bed showing through Don't cut or manipulate cuticles- CUTICLE is your natural proctection Use nail hardeners sparingly -- or not at all. Moisturize the nail, skin and the cuticle. Take biotin supplements- metabolize macros-make aminos Limit professional manicures- too many harsh chemicals Avoid acetone-based polish removers- strips natural oils/ dries out skin Avoid rough emery boards Don't overdo hand washing and limit contact with cleaning chemicals.

4. NAIL DISORDERS A Nail Disorder is a condition caused by INJURY, DISEASE or IMBALANCE If an area is inflamed, infected, broken or swollen it should be referred to a doctor

5. Bruised nails No applied pressure Pressure can be relived by Dr Eggshell nails Flexible Diet Happens in Matrix Vitamin A- Cell division Medication- inhibit flow of nutrients

6. Beau ’s Lines Depressions you can feel Width/Horizontal Illness, injury, pregnancy , stress/ low immune Interrupted growth- certain areas produce less cells Keratin synthesis doesn’t happen ON ALL NAILS- systemic disease, poor circulation, heart problems Hangnail Agnail Living skin Eponychium Perionychium Soften then cut Oil/moisturize Not taking care of cuticle

7. REVIEW How could you identify a nail disorder? Some ways to keep your hands and nails healthy? Can I treat a bruised nail? Thin, flexible nails that fold over the free edge? Depressions that run horizontally? Caused by what? How can you prevent Hangnails?

8. Koilonychia- Spoon Nails Flat then concave- Nail Bed Anemia Low Iron- Low red blood cells Celiac Disease Petroleum Products- 22% Dioxane ( carcinogen ) 82% in haircolor , 45% in self tanners, 36% face mositurizers Abnormal white cell production impairs red cells- transport oxygen Leukonychia White spots Injury to MATRIX Compression of capillary flow: organ failure Zinc/Calcium deficiency- protein synthesis Early stages Onychomycosis Air bubble s

9. Blue Nails Lack of oxygen Blood diseases: red blood cells produce oxygen Heart/Lung- lack of returned oxygenated blood Cold/Frostbite Raynaud's; Diabetes; Lupus- all restrict blood flow Melanonychia Darkening of the nail ( Band ) Increased melanocytes Active- deposits of melanin Hyperplasia- increase in pigment cells Melanoma Fungal infection

10. Discolored Nails Surface Staining Poor circulation Smoking- tar stains yellow; blocks oxygen flow Medications Fungus ( Green ) Onychophagy Bitten nails Compulsive nail biting Need frequent manicures

11. Onychorrhexis Split/ Brittle nails Injury Harsh chemicals: Thio , Alkaline Acetone/Cuticle remover Aggressive filing Hypothyroidism- hormones responsible for hair/skin/nail growth Plicatured Nails Folded nail Highly curved Can lead to Ingrown nail Hereditary Injury Highly curved matrix

12. Nail Pterygium Means wing like membrane Skin & nail adhesion Folds fuse with matrix Damage to eponychium & hyponychium Lichen Planus, Raynaud's, Trauma/burns Nail plate cells slow but skin does not Ridges Vertical Uneven growth of nails Lack of cell production Nutrient deficiency Buff ; ridge filler

13. Splinter Hemorrhages Physical trauma Damaged capillaries Oxidized blood Asprin AutoImmune Slow healing

14. INCREASED CURVATURE NAILS Curve at free edge; the greater the curvature of the matrix, the greater the curve at the free edge Pincer. Trumpet. Onychogryposis . Onychocryptosis

15. INCREASED CURVATURE NAILS PINCER NAILS TRUMPET NAILS Ill fitting shoes Old age Arthritis Fungus Curved Matrix Improper filing No real known cause

16. INCREASED CURVATURE NAILS Onychogryposis “ RAMs HORN Hypertrophy Thickening or enlargement Fungal infection Vascular disease- causes arteries in leg to build up plague One side gro ws faster Trauma Exact cause is unknown Age- lack of new cell growth Surgery

17. INCREASED CURVATURE NAILS Onychocryptosis - Ingrown nails

18. REVIEW White spots on the nails? What can cause them? Increased pigment, can be a precursor to melanoma? Spoon nail, often a result from iron deficiency? What can cause blue fingernails? What can cause discolored nails? Bitten nails? Brittle nails from harsh ingredients? What is it called when the folds fuse with the matrix? Wing like stretch of skin Examples of curved finger nails?

19. NAIL INFECTIONS

20. NAIL INFECTIONS FUNGI- P arasites that cause infection Grow & thrive in warm, dark, moist places Contagious- unclean implements 3 kinds- MOLD, YEAST, TINEA Green- Bacteria. White- Yeast

21. NAIL INFECTIONS Discolorations are caused by a bacterial infection; it is NOT MOLD Yellow / Green is sign of bacterial infection Red, pain, pus, swelling DO NOT treat; refer to Doctor

22. NAIL INFECTIONS THE GREENIES- PSEUDOMAS AERUGINOSA Bacterial infection Bacilli Pathogen Starts as a small yellow discoloration Found mostly in water Antibiotics Artificial nail- Moisture trapped; un adhered nail Water evaporates; leaves minerals ( ART. nail ) Unclean implements

23. Wear flip flops or shower sandals when walking in warm, moist areas like gyms, locker rooms, spas, public showers, and pools.   Fungus can live in footwear, if getting over a previous fungus get rid of old shoes. Put on a clean pair of socks every day and whenever your socks get sweaty. This helps prevent fungi from growing. Wear shoes that: Fit well (not tight) Are made of leather, canvas, or mesh Keep your feet dry and prevent overheating This helps prevent fungi from growing in your shoes. Alternate shoes. Fungi thrive in moist places like damp shoes. You can reduce this growth by giving shoes 24 hours to dry out before wearing them again. 6.Keep your nails short; straight across & not rounded at corners. This helps prevent fungi and other germs from getting under your nails. 7.Sanitize your nail clipper before using it. Never share nail clippers, shoes etc. 8.Keep feet clean & dry; avoid having damp or sweaty feet for too long 9.Moisturize dry skin. Fungi can get in through small cracks in your skin; moisturize within 5 minutes of bathing and after washing your hands. TIPS TO PREVENT SPREADING OF BACTERIA/FUNGI

24. DISEASES OF THE NAIL ONYCHOSIS Any deformity, disorder or disease of the nail Ends in SIS/OSIS- means disease

25. DISEASES OF THE NAIL ONYCHIA ( chia means inflammation) Inflammation of the nail matrix/ the nail itself Pus & eventual shedding of th e nail Caused by skin openings in nail fold or poor fitting shoes Bacteria, fungi Improper disinfected implements Remove nail- drain pus ONYCHAUXIS Thickening of nail plate Hypertrophy/ extreme Psoriasis Injury- constant trauma Diabetes- or any low circulation Repetition- natural protection Old age- less cell production Prone to Nail infections NOT CAUSED BY FUNGUS

26. DISEASES OF THE NAIL ONYCHOLYSIS ONYCHOMADESIS Lifting of nail plate “Painless” Starts at top/ free edge Does NOT ALWAYS shed nail Bacteria/ Fungus/Yeast Repetitive tapping Allergic reaction Psoriasis Trauma Manicure tools under nail bed Removal of ART. nails Separation of nail plate from bed Starts at base of nail Eventual falling off ( will fall off ) Cessation of nail cell production Loss of blood supply Injury/ Local Infection Medical treatments- Chemo

27. REVIEW What is a fungus? What conditions does it need to survive? P seudomas aeruginosa is a bacteria or a mold? Name for any disease of the nail? Inflammation of the matrix; small openings that allow bacteria in? Thickening of the nail? Lifting of nail plate from free edge; with or without shedding of nail? Lifting AND falling off of nail from base

28. DISEASES OF THE NAIL- NAIL PSORIASIS Autoimmune Tiny pits, rough patches on nail Looks like nail has been aggressively filed Can be yellow, brown, red under the nail Seen with plague psoriasis Painful PYOGENIC GRANULOMA Severe inflammation Tissue gr ows from bed to plate Benign tumor/ Staph infection Bleeding/ painful; can become calcified No known cause; rapid capillaries/ blood vessel growth Starts with a P- refers to tissue

29. DISEASES OF THE NAIL- PARONYCHIA ( Chia means inflammation ) Starts with a P- refers to tissue

30. DISEASES OF THE NAIL ONYCHOMYCOSIS Tinea unguium - ring worm of the nail Fungal Infection of nail Effects whole nail plate Contagious- oral medication may be needed Foul smell Pain/discomfort Tinea means fungal infection TINEA PEDIS   Fungal infection Ring worm of foot Contagious Athletes foot Itchy blisters; sole and inbetween toes Thrives in warm, moist, dark places Showers, gyms, pools, locker rooms

31. REVIEW Bacterial infection of the tissue around the nail? Severe inflammation with a n exposed lump of tissue? Athletes foot? Fungal infection causes eventual crumble of nails, highly contagious