Mimicry (Evolutionary Biology)

When a perfectly harmless animal resembles in its colour and shape, with a well protected species, the phenomenon is called mimicry.
The concept of mimicry was first given by H. W. Bates in 1862.
Mimicry is an important feature of organism which protect the animals against enemies. Mimicry often used as self defense which increases the survival value of organisms.

1. MIMICRY Presented by- Jahnabi Silponia Kumaun U niversity MSc 1 st sem

2. Contents- Mimicry Types of mimicry Protective mimicry Aggressive mimicry Batesian mimicry Mullerian mimicry Automimicry Other types of mimicry Causes of mimicry Significance of mimicry References

3. Mimicry When a perfectly harmless animal resembles in its colour and shape, with a well protected species, the phenomenon is called mimicry. It occurs when one species resembles another for its own benefit. The concept of mimicry was first given by H.W. Bates in 1862. Usually those species are mimicked which are poisonous or distasteful and have a few natural enemies. Mimicry is widespread particularly among butterflies and moths. It is also found in various birds and some mammals.

4. Types of mimicry Protective mimicry Aggressive mimicry Batesian mimicry Mullerian mimicry Automimicry Other types of mimicry

5. Protective Mimicry When the mimicry provide protection to the mimic, it is called protective mimicry. It involves Concealing and Warning mimicry. In Concealing mimicry the organisms either search a background that matches their colour or change their colouration to fit the background. Example- walking stick insect, phyllium , leaf fishes etc. In Warning mimicry harmless and non-poisonous organisms resembles itself to forms which are distasteful or poisonous. Example- poisonous coral snake is mimicked by non-poisonous Scarlet king snake

6. Concealing mimicry Fig. Phyllium (the leaf insect) Warning mimicry Fig. poisonous coral snake and non-poisonous Scarlet king Snake

7. Aggressive mimicry It is shown by certain carnivorous forms. In Aggressive mimicry, a predator or parasitic species resembles other non-threatening species or object in order to gain the access to pray or host. Example- The sea dragon- Phyllopteryx , Spders , fire flies etc. Fig. The sea dragon- Phyllopteryx

8. Batesian Mimicry It is form of protective mimicry in which a species that is edible or harmless closely resembles an inedible or harmful species and therefore is avoided by predators. Example- Monarch butterfly and Viceroy butterfly. The Monarch butterfly is inedible and viceroy butterfly is edible.

9. Mullerian Mimicry Mullerian mimicry occurs when two or more distasteful or poisonous organisms resemle each other. Mullerian mimicry was discovered by Fritz Muller. Example- Cuckoo bee and yellow jacket wasp

10. Automimicry Automimicry or intraspecific mimicry occurs within a single species, where an animal mimics parts of its own body. Example- Several pygmy owls bear ‘false eyes’ on the back of their head to fool predators into believing the owl is alert to their presence. Some butterflies e.g. Common tit have a ‘ false head’ which misdirect predators.

11. Other types of mimicry 1. Sexual mimicry : when male or female of a species mimics the other sex it is known as sexual mimicry. Example- In European yellow tailed moth, the male mimic the females to gain protection from predators. 2. Conscious mimicry : when an animal behaves as if they are dead when in danger is known as Conscious mimicry. Example- The American Opossum- Didelphus , when attacked by enemy poses as they’re dead 3 . Egg mimicry : when eggs of a bird are similar in size, colour and appearance to other birds is known as Egg mimicry. Example- Egg of Cuckoo is closely resemble to egg of Crow.

12. Causes of mimicry Natural selection : According to Weismann, the natural selection is the only known factor in the production of mimicry. Sharp sudden mutation and its preservation by natural selection. Due to the direct action occurred upon the organism by food, moisture, cold etc. Due to physiological response, such as colour sensation.

13. Significance of mimicry The main significance of mimicry is to protect the animals against enemies. Mimicry used for self defense which increases the survival value of organisms.

14. References Mohan P. Arora , Himanshu Arora , A Text Book Of Organic Evolution www.wikipedia.com www.preservearticles.com

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