Mineralogy, Mode of occurrence, Distribution of India , Origin and use in economic geolgy

Thomas chinnappan
geologist
keeranur, pudukkottai, tamilnadu, india.

1. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY MINERALOGY, MODE OF OCCURRENCE, DISTRIBUTION OF INDIA, ORIGIN AND USES,... BY: THOMAS CHINNAPPAN . A , M.SC.APPLIED GEOLOGY, PERIYAR UNIVERSITY, SALEM.

2. MINERALOGY, MODE OF OCCURRENCE, DISTRIBUTION OF INDIA, ORIGIN AND USES ,... 1 . BARITE 2 . GYPSUM

3. BARITE Barite is mineral is composed of barium sulfate [BaSo4]. It is recives its name from the greek word “ barys ” which means “ heavy “ . This name is in response to barites high specific gravity of 4.5, which is exceptional for a nonmetalic minerals . The high specifi gravity of barite makes it suitable for a wide range of industrial, madical, and manufacturing uses, barite also serves as the principal ore of barium.

4. MODE OF OCCURRENCE : Barite often occurs as concretions and void-filling crystals in sediments and sedimentary rocks .It is especially common as concretions and vein fillings in limestone and dolostone. Barite is also found as concretions in sand and sandstone.Occasionally barite is so abundant in a sandstone that it serves as the "cement" for the rock. Barite is also a common mineral in hydrothermal veins and is a gangue mineral associated with sulfide ore veins. It is found in association with ores of antimony, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, and silver

5. DISTRIBUTION OF INDIA : The mineral barite are highly abudanted in Andhra Pradesh alone accounted for more than 94% countr’s resources. Minor occurrences of barites are located in Rajasthan, West bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and haryana.

6. USES : * Barite is about 80% used as weighting agent in drilling mud in oil industry because of it high specific weight * Barite about 10% is used in electronic, glass, TV screen and medical . appliance . * Barite about 9% is used in car, rubber, fillers and paint industry

7. GYPSUM Gypsum is a common mineral. It is found in layers that were formed under salt water millon of years ago. When evaporated, it left the mineral behind. Gypsum is an evaporite mineral most commonly found in layered sedimentary deposits in association with halite, anhydrite, sulfur, calcite, and dolomite. Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) is very similar to Anhydrite (CaSO4). The chemical difference is that gypsum contains two waters and anhydrite is without water. Gypsum is the most common sulfate mineral.

8. OCCURRENCE OF GYPSUM : Gypsum is a common mineral, with thick and extensive evaporite beds in association with sedimentary rock. Deposits are known to occur in starta from as far back as the ARCHAEN EON. Gypaum is deposited from lake and sea water, as well as in hot springs, from volcanic vapors, and sulfate solution in veins Hydrothermal anhydrite in veins is commonly hydrated to gypsum by groundwater in near-surface exposures. Gypsum is the most common sulfate mineral.

9. DISTRIBUTIONS OF INDIA : In india, gypsum minning is mainly carried out in the state of RAJASTHAN, which is contributes about 99% of the total production. The remaining 1% contributed by by jammu and kashmir and Gujarat

10. USES OF GYPSUM : 1. ARCHITECTURE : Gypusam bulding material are used in all construction types { residential or non-residential } 2. AGRICULTURE : Be a source of calcium and sulphate sulphur for plat growth. Gypsum is added to soil to make the soil better able to absorb moisture. Gypsum is used in water to settle dirt.