Minerals for Grade 11 for Senior High School

Minerals for Earth and Life Science particularly in Mineral topic

1. D escribe the properties of minerals; I dentify the types of rocks based on how different they formed. OBJECTIVES

2. Guide Question In your own opinion , what is the relationship between minerals and rocks?

3. What is minerals? is a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound have definite chemical composition and crystalline structure. Can describe by its Chemical Property and Physical Property

4. Chemical Properties of Minerals Chemical properties of minerals show the identity of mineral

5. Chemical Properties of Minerals SILICATE NON SILICATE Do not have silicon instead minerals composed of OXIDES - oxygen anion (O2- ) combined with one or more metal ions. SULFATES - sulfur and oxygen (SO4) – anion SULFIDES – sulfur and a metal CARBONATES - carbonate (CO3)2- anion combined with other elements . HALIDES - halogen elements with one or more metal NATIVE ELEMENTS - individual elements. Minerals that have silicon as a component

6. Physical Properties of Minerals T o determine the characteristics of minerals Color Luster Fracture Cleavage Hardness

7. Physical Properties of Minerals Colour - minerals come in many different colours. (example red, blue, yellow etc.) Luster - intensity of reflected light exhibit by mineral.

8. Physical Properties of Minerals Fracture - break unevenly or irregular surface . Cleavage - break a long flat surface.

9. Physical Properties of Minerals Hardness - resistance of the mineral. Moh Scale shows the hardness of some common minerals. Each minerals has a number 1-10. Ten is the hardest kind.

10. Color : Luster : Fracture: Cleavage: Hardness: w hite Transparent (glass like) irregular shape not exhibit 7 Physical Properties Chemical Properties Silicate SiO 2 EXAMPLE

11. What is rock? Rocks are mixtures, or  aggregates , of different minerals. They are divided into three categories based on how different rocks are formed : igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

12. Igneous rock Igneous are rocks formed by the cooling and solidification of magma or lava . Extrusive igneous rocks Intrusive igneous rocks

13. Extrusive igneous rocks (sometimes called Volcanic igneous rock )formed from lava exiting the volcano and cool q-u-i-c-k-l-y and harden have  has small crystals Intrusive igneous rocks (sometimes called Plutonic igneous rock )formed when magma inside the volcano cool s-l-o-w-l-y and harden also has large crystals of different types of minerals which can be seen with the naked eye

14. Sedimentary rock Formed from sediments such as sand, pebbles, mud, shells and remains of dead plants and animals, its hardened into rock due to deposition (compact and cementation). Chemical sedimentary rocks Clastic sedimentary rocks Organic sedimentary rocks

15. Clastic sedimentary rocks – formed from broken fragments of pre- existing rocks and minerals . Chemical sedimentary rocks – formed when water with dissolved mineral evaporates. The left behind minerals will crystallize. Organic sedimentary rocks – formed from accumulation of plant and animals remains

16. Metamorphic rock Combination of rock types. formed when the minerals with rocks are changed underground by extreme heat and pressure . Metamorphism Regional metamorphism creates Foliated metamorphic rock Contact metamorphism creates Non-foliated metamorphic rock

17. Foliated metamorphic rocks Non-foliated metamorphic rocks Magma

18. Summary Minerals - is a naturally inorganic element or compound have definite chemical composition and crystalline structure. Can describe by Chemical Property (Silicate and Non-silicate) Physical Property ( Color , Luster , Fracture, Cleavage, and Hardness) Rocks - are mixtures, or  aggregates , of different minerals. Three types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic . Igneous rock (Extrusive and Intrusive igneous rock) Sedimentary rock (Chemical, Clastic and Organic sedimentary rock) Metamorphic rock (Foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rock)

19. Identification. Identify the following. Write your answer before the number. _________1.) Types of rock that fragments hardened into rock due to deposition (compact and cementation ). _________ 2 .) Types of rock formed when the minerals with rocks are changed underground by extreme heat and pressure. _________3.) Types of rocks formed by the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. _________4.) A type of inorganic element or compound have definite chemical composition and crystalline structure . _________5.) The two property which can describe a minerals.

20. Assignment: Read and study about Exogenic Processes.