Mini Project PPT Kondi Naveen Finals.pdf

ABS in IR

1. NALLAMALLAREDDYENGINEERINGCOLLEGE
DEPARTMENTOFMECHANICALENGINEERING
Mini project presentation
on
AirBrakeSystem UsedIn DieselLocomotives
Undertheguidanceof
DR.ASITKUMARPARIDA
ASSOCIATEPROFESSOR
By
KONDI NAVEEN
20B65A0311

2. ABSTRACT
Theminiprojectcarriedoutbymewasthe“AirBrakeSystemusedinDieselLocomotives”inDiesellocoshed
Moula-Ali.
Thepurposeofbrakingactionistoperformcontrolledreductioninvelocityofthetrain,eithertoreachacertain
lowerspeedortostopatafixedpoint.Ingeneral,thebrakingisdonebyapplyingfrictionalresistancetothe
movingwheelsinordertoslowdownorstopthetrain.
Inthispresentation,thetypesofairbrakesystemsusedindiesellocomotiveisdiscussedalongwiththe
importantcomponentsofairbrakesystem.

3. LOCOMOTIVEAIR BRAKE SYSTEM
Alocomotiveairbrakesystemisapowerbrakingsystemwithcompressedairastheoperatingmedium.Thus,itis
alsoknownaspneumaticbrakingsystem.Moderntrainsrelyuponafail-safeairbrakesystemthatisbasedupona
designpatentedbyGeorgeWestinghouseonApril13,1869.
Figure1:SchematicdiagramofLocoAirBrakeSystem

4. CLASSIFICATIONOFLOCOMOTIVEAIRBRAKESYSTEM
Onthebasisoftypeofrelease,airbrakesystemisclassifiedas:
a)Directreleaseairbrakesystem:Directreleasebrakesmeanthatifthepressureinthebrakepiperisesbyonlya
coupleofpounds,thebrakeswillcompletelyreleaseonallcarsinthetrain.
b)Graduatedreleaseairbrakesystem:Graduatedreleasemeansthatasthebrakepipepressurerises,thebrakeswill
releaseinproportiontothepressurerise.
Bothdirectandgraduatedreleasearefurtheravailableintwoforms:
a)Singlepipeairbrakesystem:Singlepipeairbrakesystemconsistsofasinglepipecalledbrakepiperunsoverthe
trainthroughwhichthecompressedairisfedfortheapplicationofbrakes.
b)Twinpipeairbrakesystem:Twinpipeairbrakesystemconsistsoftwopipesthatisbrakepipeandfeedpiperun
overthetrain.Brakepipehelpsinapplicationofbrakeandfeedpipeisusedtofillauxiliaryreservoirfasterforquick
releaseofbrakes.

5. WORKING PRINCIPLEOFSINGLEPIPEAIRBRAKESYSTEM
TheSinglePipeAirBrakeSysteminlocomotiveusesonlysinglepipecalledbrakepipetosupplytheairwhichis
compressedinthecompressorforapplicationofbrakes.Theworkingprincipleofsinglepipeairbrakesystemconsistsof
threestages.Theyare:
a)Chargingstage:
Figure2:Chargingstage
•Duringthisstage,brakepipeischargedto5kg/cm²pressurewith
compressorbyoperatingdriver’svalve.
•Thecontrolreservoirandauxiliaryreservoirarealsochargedto
5kg/cm²pressureviadistributorvalve.
•Atthisstage,brakecylindergetsventedtoatmospherethrough
passageindistributorvalve.

6. b)ApplicationStage:
Figure3:Applicationstage
•Forapplicationofbrakes,thepressureinbrakepipehas
tobedropped.Thisisdonebyventingairfromdriver’sbrake
valve.
•Reductioninbrakepipepressurepositionsthedistributor
valveinsuchawaythatthecontrolreservoirgets
disconnectedfrombrakepipeandauxiliaryreservoirgets
connectedtobrakecylinder.
•Thisresultsinincreaseinairpressureinbrakecylinder
resultinginapplicationofbrakes.Themagnitudeofbraking
forceisproportionaltoreductioninbrakepipepressure.

7. c)Releasingstage:
Figure4:Releasingstage
•Forreleasingbrakes,thebrakepipeisagainchargedto
5kg/cm2pressurebycompressorthroughdriver’sbrake
valve.
•Thisactionpositionsdistributorvalveinsuchawaythat
auxiliaryreservoirgetsisolatedfrombrakecylinderand
brakecylinderisventedtoatmospherethroughdistributor
valveandthusbrakesarereleased.

8. WORKING PRINCIPLEOFTWINPIPEAIRBRAKESYSTEM
TheworkingprincipalofTwinPipeAirBrakeSystemofLocomotiveisalmostsimilartothatoftheSinglePipeAir
BrakeSystemincluding thethreestagesCharging,ApplicationandReleasingofthebrakes.
ButtheonlydifferenceinTwinPipeAirBrakesystemisthatitcontainstwopipeswhichrunsparalleltoeachother
over thetrain.
AfterapplicationofthebrakestheAuxiliaryReservoirneededtoberefilled/rechargedwiththecompressedair
throughbrakepipeto releasethebrakes.
DuetotheuseofsinglepipeinthesystemthereisadelayinrechargingtheAuxiliaryReservoirforreleasingthe
brakes,toovercomethisproblemtheTwinPipeAirBrakeSystemis designed.

9. Figure5:Twinpipeairbrakesystem
•Thebluecolourpipeisbrakepipewhichischarged
withcompressedairofpressure5kg/cm²bythe
driver’sbrakevalve.
•Thebrakepipeisusedtofillthecontrolreservoir,
auxiliaryreservoirandtoapplyandreleasethebrakes
oflocomotive.
•Theredcolourpipeisknownasmainreservoirpipe
orfeedpipe,thispipeisusedtofilltheauxiliary
reservoirwiththepressureof6kg/cm².
•Itisequippedwithnon-returnvalve.Feedpipehelps
infasterrecharging/refillingofauxiliaryreservoirto
avoiddelayinreleasingofbrakesandtoprovide
efficientoperationoftheairbrakesystem.

10. BYPASSTWINPIPESYSTEM
Figure6:Failureofbrakepipe Figure 7:Bypassed brakepipe
Incaseduetoanyreason,brakepipeofacoachoranywagongetsdamagedorgoesdefective,itcanbebypassedin
twinpipesystemandthedetachmentofthecoachorwagonnotbeessentialasinthecaseofsinglepipesystem.
Butinthis,casethetrainwillbeworkedassinglepipesystem.

11. COMPONENTS OFLOCOMOTIVEAIRBRAKESYSTEM
Fig 9: Main Reservoir Fig 10: Brake Rigging
Fig 8: Air Compressor RR 80 101
Fig 11: Brake cylinder Fig 12: Brake Block

12. LOCOMOTIVEAIRBRAKE SYSTEMVALVES
Fig13:Driver’sBrakeValve Fig14:FeedValve Fig15:DistributorValve

13. ADVANTAGESOFAIR BRAKESYSTEMIN LOCOMOTIVE
Thesupplyofairisunlimited,sothebrakesystemcanneverrunoutofitsoperatingfluid,ashydraulicbrakes
can.
Thelocomotiveairbrakeisafail-safebrakebecausethefailureordamageofthesystemorbrakepipecausesa
pressuredropof air,whichinturnappliesthebrake.
Airlinecouplingsareeasiertoattachanddetachthanhydrauliclines.

14. MAINTENANCE OFLOCOAIRBRAKESANDCOMPRESSOR
RepairofAirBrakeparts:
•Failure:Improperfunctioningofvalvesandotherconnections,noticedairleakagefromvalvesandotherparts.
•Causeoffailure:DuetodeformationofrubberO-Ringsinvalvesandotherpartsofsystemduetoageing.
•Repairaction:ValvesareoverhauledwithnewO-Ringsandotherpartsarealsooverhauled.
RepairofCompressoranditsparts:
•Failure:Desiredquantityofairisnotachieved.
•Causeoffailure:Chokingofaftercoolerpipes,duetoscaleformationbecauseofhighmoisture contentin theair.
•Correctiveaction:AftercoolerpipesarecleanedwithdiluteHClsolutiontoremovethedepositedscalefromthe
pipes.

15. CONCLUSION
•Fromtheaboveinformation,wehavefoundthattheairbrakesystemisundoubtedlyoneofthemostenduring
featuresofrailwaytechnology.It haslastedfrom itsinitialintroductionin1869to thepresentday.
•Theairbrakesystemisstillpreferred asthebestbraking system.

16. THANKYOU