MODELS OF PLANNING PROCESS in urban planning.pptx

Cyclic as a whole and consists of a large number of cyclical processes.
Doesn't occur in isolation.
Complex exercise at any scale.
Involvement of all stakeholders is a must.
Requires thorough research and investigations for execution.
The cycle covers all areas of planning and brings them together into a coherent, unified process.
It is vital that our plans be practical, well focused, resilient and cost effective.
It is vital to learn from one's mistakes in the planning and attempts must be made to avoid the mistakes in future planning.
Cyclic planning enables management of different projects up to a desired level of complexity.
Mid 1800s — mid 1960s : Master planning.
Mid 1960s — early 1970s: Systems view of Planning.
Early 1970s onwards: Participatory planning.
Comprehensive planning.
Deals with production of maps and blueprints showing development that is or will occur.
Provides a description of the development that will take place to achieve a desired future end state.
Survey-analysis-plan.
Product is a master plan.
Planning is seen as management of a system or systems.
The cities and towns are seen as systems that require management.
The planning itself is seen as a system because it is a distinct activity.
Interaction between two systems is involved: Planning system and the system that the planning system tends to control or manage.
Based on the science of cybernetics.
Product is a structure plan: written guidelines for development.
Focus is more on methods of achieving planning objectives and their alternatives.
Advancement in technology and reliance on cybernetics.
Town planning has become more complex as it consists of many disciplines now.
Quantitative revolution in 1960s.
Criticism of master planning process.
Planning is not limited to certain individuals or authority or boards.
Involves all stakeholders.
Community and public approval and advice is sought.
Brian McLoughlin (simplest)
George Chadwick
Alan Wilson
It is that part of city planning that deals with type, location, intensity and amount of land development required for various functions of the city.
land use planning is used to provide an idea or proposition of how land should be used as towns and cities develop.
The result of this planning is a land use map or plan. The land on the map is colored according to nature of use. Pertinent text, graphs and tables are provided to support the map and to give a description of relevant and recommended standard.
Concentration: Differential distribution of population and economic activities in the city and the manner in which they are focused on the city Centre.
Decentralization: Activity is located away from the Centre of the city.
Segregation: Population is distributed into groups according to conscious preferences in associations. Land use is also segregated. Segregation can be voluntary or involuntary.
Specialization: Similar to segregation but applies to activities in the economic sector.
Invasion: A process through which a

1. INTRODUCTION TO HOUSING Submitted By: Paritosh Kumar Yadav Semester 3 MURP (BBDU) Submitted To: Ar. Ghanshyam Yadav

2. Urban Planning as a Process Cyclic as a whole and consists of a large number of cyclical processes. Doesn't occur in isolation. Complex exercise at any scale. Involvement of all stakeholders is a must. Requires thorough research and investigations for execution.

3. Planning in a Cycle The cycle covers all areas of planning and brings them together into a coherent, unified process. It is vital that our plans be practical, well focused, resilient and cost effective. It is vital to learn from one's mistakes in the planning and attempts must be made to avoid the mistakes in future planning. Cyclic planning enables management of different projects up to a desired level of complexity.

4. PLANNING METHODOLOGY

5. Planning Approaches Mid 1800s — mid 1960s : Master planning. Mid 1960s — early 1970s: Systems view of Planning. Early 1970s onwards: Participatory planning.

6. Comprehensive Plan Process

7. Master Planning Comprehensive planning. Deals with production of maps and blueprints showing development that is or will occur. Provides a description of the development that will take place to achieve a desired future end state. Survey-analysis-plan. Product is a master plan.

8. Systems View Of Planning Planning is seen as management of a system or systems. The cities and towns are seen as systems that require management. The planning itself is seen as a system because it is a distinct activity. Interaction between two systems is involved: Planning system and the system that the planning system tends to control or manage. Based on the science of cybernetics. Product is a structure plan: written guidelines for development. Focus is more on methods of achieving planning objectives and their alternatives.

9. Why the Shift to Cybernetic B ased Planning Advancement in technology and reliance on cybernetics. Town planning has become more complex as it consists of many disciplines now. Quantitative revolution in 1960s. Criticism of master planning process.

10. Participatory Planning Planning is not limited to certain individuals or authority or boards. Involves all stakeholders. Community and public approval and advice is sought. Schematic Summaries of Planning Process Brian McLoughlin (simplest) George Chadwick Alan Wilson

11. Land Use Planning It is that part of city planning that deals with type, location, intensity and amount of land development required for various functions of the city. land use planning is used to provide an idea or proposition of how land should be used as towns and cities develop. The result of this planning is a land use map or plan. The land on the map is colored according to nature of use. Pertinent text, graphs and tables are provided to support the map and to give a description of relevant and recommended standard. DEFINITION

12. Land Use Classification Residential uses. Commercial (trade) uses. Educational uses. Recreational uses. Governmental and Administrative uses. Health and welfare uses. Religious and cultural uses. Assembly uses. Transportation uses. Burial grounds. Utilities and Municipal service facilities.

13. Process in City Development Concentration : Differential distribution of population and economic activities in the city and the manner in which they are focused on the city Centre. Decentralization : Activity is located away from the Centre of the city. Segregation : Population is distributed into groups according to conscious preferences in associations. Land use is also segregated. Segregation can be voluntary or involuntary. Specialization : Similar to segregation but applies to activities in the economic sector. Invasion : A process through which a new activity or social group enters into an area. Succession : The process of invasion culminates into this process. The new activity or social group replaces the activity or social group that formerly occupied the area.

14. Land Use Models Mono-centric or concentric models. Sector model. Multiple nuclei model. Hybrid model.

15. Concentric Created by E.W. Burgess in 1925. Assumes that transportation networks are radial. Based on the idea that land values are highest in the center of a town or city. Distinguishes four uses: Residential, Retail, Industrial and transportation. Central business district (CBD) forms the center of the city or town while other land uses appear in concentric circles around the CBD. Distance away from CBD is important.

16. Sector Model Created by Homer Hoyt. CBD forms center around which all other land uses are clustered. Factories and industries are located along transportation routes. Direction with respect to CBD is important. High income households are located on higher ground or along an environmental amenity. Low income households located in low lying areas and industry basins. Transportation costs to jobs minimized for poor households. Particular land uses grow radially outwards (wedges) from City center.

17. Multiple Nuclei Model Developed by two geographers: C.D. Harris & EL. Ullman in 1945 • Basic concept: cities don't grow up around a single core but have several nodes. Decentralization of CBD is present. Recognizes that different activities have different accessibility requirements. Specialized cells of activity would develop according to the specific requirements of certain activities.

18. Hybrid Model This model recognizes that urban areas are a combination of the distinctive features found in the sector, concentric and multiple nuclei model. Some land uses are aligned to major transport axis while other are concentrated in nuclei.