Modern_treatment_prospects_for_blindness_and_eye_weakness_edition.pptx

Zamonaviy oftalmologiya

1. Modern treatment prospects for blindness and eye weakness Prepared by Amirov M.Z

2. Modern treatment prospects for blindness and eye weakness Outline: 1. Definintion of blindness(Amaurosis): and eye weakness (ambliopia) 2.Epidemiology 3. Causes 4.Types 5.Contemporary methods for treatment .

3. Inroduction

4. Definitions Blindness (Amaurosis) : Amaurosis refers to a severe loss of vision or complete blindness resulting from dysfunction in the visual pathway, such as the retina, optic nerve, or the brain's visual centers. This condition is not correctable with standard vision aids like glasses, as it typically involves irreversible damage to the structures that process light and images. Examples include conditions like Leber’s congenital amaurosis, where the impairment is present from birth.

5. Blindness person

6. Eye Weakness (Amblyopia): Amblyopia, commonly known as "lazy eye," is a developmental visual disorder where one eye fails to achieve normal visual acuity, even when there is no detectable structural abnormality in the eye. It usually occurs during early childhood due to inadequate stimulation of one eye during the critical period of visual development. This leads to the brain favoring the other, stronger eye, resulting in reduced vision in the affected eye.

7. Eye exercises

8. Epidemiology Blindness (Amaurosis): Global Perspective:Worldwide, an estimated 39 million people are classified as blind. However, congenital forms like amaurosis (e.g., Leber’s congenital amaurosis) represent only a small subset of these cases. Amblyopia is one of the most common visual impairments in children, with prevalence estimates ranging from 2% to 4% in the pediatric population. This translates to approximately 2 to 5 million children worldwide experiencing amblyopia.

9. Causes of Blindness Blindness, including conditions like amaurosis, can result from a wide range of underlying causes. Retinal Disorders: Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: Conditions such as Leber’s congenital amaurosis and retinitis pigmentosa cause progressive degeneration of the retina, leading to severe vision loss from an early age. Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Particularly in older adults, degeneration of the central retina (macula) can lead to significant central vision loss. Diabetic Retinopathy: Chronic high blood sugar damages the blood vessels in the retina, potentially resulting in blindness if untreated.

10. Optic Nerve Disorders: Glaucoma: Elevated intraocular pressure can damage the optic nerve over time, causing irreversible vision loss. Optic Neuritis: Inflammation of the optic nerve, often associated with autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis, can result in sudden vision impairment.

11. Lens and Corneal Abnormalities: Cataracts: The clouding of the eye’s lens, common with aging, can obstruct light from reaching the retina, leading to blurred or reduced vision. Corneal Opacities: Scarring or clouding of the cornea from infections, injuries, or diseases can impair vision.

12. Traumatic and Infectious Causes: Injuries : Traumatic damage to the eye or surrounding structures can lead to immediate and sometimes irreversible vision loss. Infections: Conditions such as trachoma or river blindness (onchocerciasis) can cause blindness, particularly in regions with limited access to healthcare.

13. Patient after car collusion.

14. Vascular Disorders: Retinal Vascular Occlusions: Blockages in the retinal arteries or veins can result in sudden, severe vision loss due to inadequate blood supply.

15. Vascular pathologies

16. Normal and abnormal

17. 4 types of blindness Total Blindness Partial Blindness Low Vision Legal Blindness.

18. Total Blindness: Complete absence of light perception—no vision whatsoever.

19. Legal Blindness: A legal definition (which can vary by country) often defined as having a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in the better eye or a visual field of 20 degrees or less.

20. Partial Blindness/Low Vision: Significant visual impairment that doesn’t meet the criteria for total or legal blindness but still severely impacts daily activities.

21. Contemporary treatment methods for blindness and amaurosis 1. Surgical Interventions Cataract Surgery Glaucoma Procedures Retinal Surgeries

22. Pharmacological Treatments Anti-VEGF Therapy Corticosteroids Neuroprotective Agents

23. 3. Gene Therapy and Molecular Treatments Gene Therapy for Inherited Retinal Diseases: Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) Other Retinal Dystrophies: RNA-Based Therapies: These are being developed to target and modify disease-causing genetic mutations in the retina.

24. 4. Retinal Prostheses and Artificial Vision Bionic Eye Systems Implantable Visual Devices

25. 5. Stem Cell Therapies and Regenerative Medicine Stem Cell Transplantation: Research is underway to use stem cells to regenerate damaged retinal tissue or other ocular structures, with the goal of restoring some degree of vision. Tissue Engineering: Combining stem cells with biomaterials to reconstruct retinal layers is a promising field, although it remains largely experimental.

26. 6. Management of Amaurosis Amaurosis Fugax (Transient Vision Loss): Vascular Risk Management Antiplatelet Therapy Treatment for Genetic Amaurosis (e.g., LCA)

27. 7. Visual Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Low Vision Aids Devices such as electronic magnifiers, specialized software, and adaptive tools help individuals maximize remaining vision. Rehabilitation Programs: Customized training and occupational therapy can assist patients in adapting to vision loss, enhancing their independence and quality of life.