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1. IMPACTS OF COVID-19 IN CANADA Name: Rishita Setia Date: 13 th March 2024 Subject: Population and Demography Course: Research Analyst Program (RAPP)

2. 1 Background 2 3 4 AGENDA Discussion Conclusion References

3. BACKGROUND In March 2020, the world shut down when it was confirmed that a strong respiratory virus was causing deaths. The disease caused many deaths in multiple age groups and in many countries across the globe. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 . The first known case was identified in Wuhan , China, in December 2019. The disease quickly spread worldwide, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic . (Wikipedia, 2021)

4. BACKGROUND - IMPACTS IN CANADA Total cases as of Feb 17, 2024 - 4,933,311 Highest cases in Quebec - 1.45 M followed by Ontario 1.71M. Least in Nunavat 3,531. Of the cases reported in Canada so far, 54.8% were female and 32.9% were between 20 and 39 years old. The total number of hospital beds occupied by COVID-19 patients decreased from 2,558 to 2,365 beds. A total of 104,769,433 doses of vaccines administered since Dec 14, 2020. (Canada, 2020)

5. COVID-19 in Canada affected things like healthcare, food, homes, mental and physical health, education, finance and economic problems. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the lowest reported life satisfaction among Canadians since the initiation of data collection in 2003. From 2018 to June 2020, the average life satisfaction in Canada reduced from 8.1 to 6.7. Focus for today will be the following three population indicators: Health Education Economics (Government of Canada, 2020) BACKGROUND - IMPACTS IN CANADA Line graph showing fluctuating COVID-19 case numbers in Canada from March 2020 to February 2024, highlighting significant peaks and a general decline over time.

6. Individuals aged 45–64 or 65–84 exhibited lower odds of psychological distress than those aged 18–44. Residents of Ontario had higher amount of psychological distress than residents of Quebec. Stress and psychological issues were observed more in females than in males. Income was highly associated with psychological distress for both genders. Only 1 in 4 youth report excellent or very good mental health Top 4 pandemic-related stressors for youth: School (19%) Personal mental health concerns (14%) Financial situation (13%) Social isolation (11%) (Pongou et al., 2022) DISCUSSION - IMPACTS ON HEALTH (Mental Health and Substance Use during COVID-19: Spotlight on Youth [Infographic] | Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, n.d.)

7. (Government of Canada, 2020) DISCUSSION - IMPACTS ON HEALTH Visible minority groups were more likely to report that the pandemic had had major impact on their ability to meet their financial obligations compared with White participants (35% vs. 22%). Rates were highest among South Asian (44%), Black (38%), and Filipino (36%). 27% of visible minority participants mentioned that they felt somewhat unsafe when walking alone in their neighborhood after dark, after the covid-19 impact. Proportion of participants by mental health outcome

8. (Whitley et al., 2021) DISCUSSION - IMPACTS ON EDUCATION Global organizations like UNICEF and UNESCO express concerns about the negative impact of COVID-19 on child education, estimating school closures affecting 1.5 billion students worldwide. Changes imposed by COVID-19, including physical distancing, school closures, and reductions in community-based services, weaken support systems for vulnerable children's learning and development. Vulnerable children, youth, and their families require access to reliable high-speed internet, effective and inclusive learning spaces, and a range of coordinated social services. The transition to remote learning posed challenges for both students and teachers, leading to concerns about learning loss and gaps in academic achievement. The pandemic-induced changes, including isolation, uncertainty, and disruptions to routine, contributed to mental health challenges among students, educators, and parents. (COVID-19 and Canada’s Post-Secondary Students, 2020) Pie chart displaying Canadian vaccination rates: over 75% fully vaccinated, approximately 15% partially vaccinated, and a minimal percentage unvaccinated as of February 2024.

9. (Knighton et al., 2020) DISCUSSION - IMPACTS ON EDUCATION Academic work delayed, postponed, or cancelled for many students. Proportions of participants reporting academic impacts: Some courses cancelled or postponed: 26% Not able to complete some or all courses: 10% Planned work placement delayed or cancelled: 35% Not able to complete credential as planned: 11% Some or all courses moved online: 92% (Government of Canada, 2020)

10. (Canada, 2021) DISCUSSION - IMPACTS ON ECONOMY 5.2% shrink in real GDP in 2020, followed by projections of 4.6% growth in 2021, 3.9% in 2022, and 2.8% in 2023. 11% drop in real GDP in Q2 2020, with subsequent rebounds in Q3 and Q4 of 2020. Quebec experienced the largest employment drop of approximately 19% by April 2020, followed by Nova Scotia, British Columbia, and Alberta, while Saskatchewan, New Brunswick, and Manitoba had smaller drops. As Canada’s economy is highly dependent on international students’ education, a major decline (46%) was noticed in Canada’s overall GDP. 17% decline was noticed in the number of international students studying in Canada which led to an estimated CAD $7.3B loss in total student expenditures, which translated to a decline of CAD $7.1B in Canada’s GDP in 2020. Estimated Share of Total GDP Losses in 2020 by Study Level (Di, n.d., 2022)

11. DISCUSSION - IMPACTS ON ECONOMY During Q2, household spending fell by a record 13% as families faced heightened levels of job and income uncertainty. Employment earnings fell by almost 9% in the second quarter. Higher disposable income, coupled with lower spending, pushed the household savings rate to just over 28%, up from about 8% in the first quarter. Historic declines in household spending, business investment, and international trade as the economy contracted by 11.5% in the second quarter. (Government of Canada, 2020) Bar graph comparing the economic impact of COVID-19 across sectors.

12. CONCLUSIONS Covid-19 created many challenges across various sectors including health, education, and economy. Individuals aged 45–64 or 65–84 exhibited lower odds of psychological distress than those aged 18–44. Health impacts affected mainly on age groups, regions, and genders. Understanding these situation is crucial in tailoring targeted support and interventions for mental health and well-being. In the terms of education, remote learning has presented challenges for both students and educators. Due to adverse impacts on mental health, only 1 in 4 youth reported excellent or very good mental health. Examining the economic landscape, Canada witnessed a significant GDP reduction in 2020. School closures affected 1.5 billion students, impacting vulnerable children, youth, and families. The first wave led to an 11% drop in GDP in Q2 2020. The journey through the impacts of COVID-19 serves as a guide for future preparedness. By learning from the challenges faced.

13. REFERENCES Canada, P. H. A. of. (2020, April 19). COVID-19 daily epidemiology update: Current situation. Aem . https://health-infobase.canada.ca/covid-19/current-situation.html?stat=num&measure=cases_total&map=pt#a2 Canada, P. H. A. of. (2021, January 15). Updates: COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in Canada - Canada.ca. Aem . https://health-infobase.canada.ca/covid-19/vaccine-administration/ Canada, G. A. (2021, September 1). The economic impact of COVID-19 on Canada’s international education sector in 2020. GAC. https://www.international.gc.ca/education/report-rapport/covid19-impact/index.aspx?lang=eng Di, L. (2022, n.d.). https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/storm-without-end-economic-impact-of-covid-19-on-canada-and-provinces.pdf Government of Canada, S. C. (2020, October 20). Economic impacts and recovery related to the pandemic. Www150.Statcan.gc.ca. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/pub/11-631-x/2020004/s5-eng.htm Government of Canada, S. C. (2020, October 20). COVID-19 in Canada: A Six-month Update on Social and Economic Impacts. Www150.Statcan.gc.ca. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-631-x/11-631-x2020003-eng.htm#c Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-627-m/11-627-m2020032-eng.htm Infographic: COVID-19 and Canada’s post-secondary students. (2020, June 9). CERIC. https://ceric.ca/2020/06/infographic-covid-19-and-canadas-post-secondary-students/ Knighton, T., Wall, K., Bazinet, M., Gibson, L., Doreleyers , A., & Gauthier, S. (2020, May 12). This infographic provides early insight into the educational, employment and financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on postsecondary students. Statcan.gc.ca; Pongou , R., Ahinkorah , B. O., Maltais , S., Mabeu , M. C., Agarwal, A., & Yaya, S. (2022). Psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. PLOS ONE, 17(11), e0277238. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277238 Mental Health and Substance Use During COVID-19: Spotlight on Youth [infographic] | Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction. (n.d.). Www.ccsa.ca. https://www.ccsa.ca/mental-health-and-substance-use-during-covid-19-spotlight-youth-infographic Whitley, J., Beauchamp, M. H., & Brown, C. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on the learning and achievement of vulnerable canadian children and youth. FACETS, 6(1), 1693–1713. https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0096