Module 1_Industrial Robotics Fields and Service Robots.pptx

Industrial Robotics, Field Robots and service robots

1. Industrial Robotics: Field and Service Robots Department of Robotics & Automation JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bangalore-560060 (Course Code: 21 RA71)

2. Books S.R. Deb, Robotics Technology and flexible automation, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2009. Mikell P. Groover et al., "Industrial Robots - Technology, Programming and Applications", McGraw Hill, Special Edition, (2012). Ganesh S Hegde, “A textbook on Industrial Robotics”, University Science Press, 3rd edition, 2017. Reference Richard D Klafter , Thomas A Chmielewski, Michael Negin , "Robotics Engineering – An Integrated Approach", Eastern Economy Edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2006. Fu K S, Gonzalez R C, Lee C.S.G, "Robotics: Control, Sensing, Vision and Intelligence", McGraw Hill, 1987. Further Learning https://www.robots.com/applications

3. Course Learning Objectives (CLO) To know the types of industrial robots . To Educate the students on the use of robots for inspection . To Educate the students in different applications of robots. To develop the student's skills in understanding the selection of robots for different applications. To understand the advanced material handling methods.

4. Course outcomes (COs) (Course Skill Set) CO1: Use of Different types of robots for different industrial applications CO2: Analyse the advanced inspection methods. CO3: Selection of robots for different applications . CO4: Understand more advanced material handling systems . At the end of the course, students will be able to,

5. Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) Three IA Tests, each of 20 Marks Two assignments each of 20 Marks The sum of three tests, two assignments, and quiz/seminar/group discussion will be out of 100 marks and will be scaled down to 50 marks The minimum passing mark for the CIE is 40% of the maximum marks (20 marks out of 50)

6. Semester End Examination(SEE) The question paper shall be set for 100 marks. The duration of SEE is 03 hours. The question paper will have 10 questions . 2 questions per module . Each question is set for 20 marks . The students have to answer 5 full questions , selecting one full question from each module. Marks scored out of 100 shall be proportionally reduced to 50 marks . SEE minimum passing mark is 35% of the maximum marks (18 out of 50 marks). Students should secure a minimum of 40% (40 marks out of 100) in the sum total of the CIE and SEE taken together.

7. Industrial Robotics : Field and Service Robotics MODULE 1: Introduction

8. MODULE 1: Introduction Types of industrial robots , Load handling capacity, general considerations in Robotic material handling, material transfer, machine loading and unloading, CNC machine tool loading, Robot centered cell. History of service robotics - Present status and future trends - Need for service robots - applications- examples and Specifications of service and field Robots. Non conventional Industrial robots. Syllabus

9. Introduction Difference between Robotics and Automation Robotics is the design, creation, and use of robots to perform tasks . These are physical robots that replicate human actions. Automation as a technology concerned with the use of Mechanical, Electronic & Computer-based systems in the operation and control of Production. E.g. : Transfer lines, mechanised assembly machines, feedback control systems, NC Machine tools & robots Robotics, a field that combines engineering & computer science to design and build robots to perform tasks.

10. The Robotic Industries Association (RIA) defines robot as follows: "A robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or special devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of various tasks ." The industry’s current working definition of a robot is “ any piece of equipment that has three or more degrees of movement or freedom (DOF)” . Definition of Industrial Robot

11. Laws of Robots The Three Laws of Robotics ( Asimov's Laws ) are a set of rules devised by science fiction author Isaac Asimov , followed by robots in several of his stories. First Law: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. Second Law: A robot must obey the orders given by human beings except when that conflicts with the First Law. Third Law: A robot must protect its own existence unless that conflicts with the First or Second Law.

12. Major technological changes in all industries, reshaping of production processes , emerging business models , and changes in consumption , delivery, & transportation processes . Changes are due to the implementation of new technological innovations, developed with the support of robotics & automation , IoT, 3D printing , smart sensors , RFID , etc., which are the foundations of Industry 4.0 Global competition in the market requires the implementation of Industry 4.0 in all industries. Increased Product diversity and decreased Product life cycle decreased, requires flexible automation of production processes that cannot be accomplished without the use of robots. INTRODUCTION : TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS

13. An industrial robot is a robot system used for manufacturing. Industrial robots are automated, programmable and capable of movement on 3 or more axes INTRODUCTION : TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS Typical applications of robots include welding, painting, assembly, disassembly, pick and place operation, packaging and labelling, palletizing , product inspection , and testing. All accomplished with high endurance , speed, and precision. They can assist in material handling.

14. Classification by Coordinate System / Physical configuration Robot Classification The mechanics of a robotic manipulator (arm-like structure) can vary considerably. The major axes of the device , consist of the two or three joints or degrees of freedom (DOF) Today’s commercially available robots possess four basic configurations; 1. Polar Configuration 2. Cylindrical configuration 3. Cartesian coordinate configuration 4. Jointed arm robots

15. Classification by Coordinate System Robot Classification 1. Polar / Spherical Configuration This combination allows the robot to operate in a spherical work volume . The robot arm has following movements. Linear movement : allows the arm to extend and retract because of one linear joint. Rotary movement: occurs around an axis (vertical) perpendicular to the base because of one twisting joint. Vertical lift of the arm about the pivot point because of one rotational joint.

16. Classification by Coordinate System Robot Classification 1. Polar / Spherical Configuration Advantages Long reach capabilities in horizontal position Good lifting capabilities Suitable for small amount of vertical applications Applications: Machine loading, Material movement, stacking of components, Heat treatment operations Limitations Low vertical reach Reduced mechanical rigidity Ref: https://electricalworkbook.com/polar-robot/

17. Classification by Coordinate System Robot Classification 1. Polar / Spherical Configuration Workspace of robot / Work volume Geometry of robot major axis

18. Classification by Coordinate System Robot Classification 2. Cylindrical Configuration This combination allows the robot to reach work space in a rotary movement like a cylinder The robot arm has following movements. Rotational movement : of the column about its axis because of one twisting joint Linear movement: of the assembly along the column because of one linear joint Linear movement in and out, relative to the column axis because of one orthogonal joint

19. Classification by Coordinate System Robot Classification Advantages Higher load carrying capacity Provides high rigidity to the manipulator Suitable for pick and place applications Applications: Conveyor pallet transfer, machine tool loading, forging, packing, precision small assembly etc. Limitations Require more floor space Reduced mechanical rigidity because rotary axis must overcome inertia of the object when rotating Ref: https://electricalworkbook.com/cylindrical-robot/ 2. Cylindrical Configuration Workspace of robot / Work volume Geometry of robot major axis

20. Classification by Coordinate System Robot Classification 3. Cartesian Coordinate Configuration Also referred to as Rectilinear robot or X-Y-Z robot of the spherical configuration, as it is equipped with three sliding joints. The robot arm has the following movements. Linear movement : allows vertical lift to the arm because of one linear joint. Two sliding movements: perpendicular to each other because of two orthogonal joints. This configuration robot works in a rectangular workspace with three joint movements.

21. Classification by Coordinate System Robot Classification Advantages Higher load carrying capacity Rigid structure, high degree of mechanical rigidity and accuracy High repeatability with least error at good speed. Applications: Inspection, assembly, machining operations, welding, finishing operations etc. Limitations Has small and rectangular work envelope Has reduced flexibility Ref: https://electricalworkbook.com/cartesian-robot/ 3. Cartesian Coordinate Configuration

22. 3. Cartesian Coordinate Configuration

23. Classification by Coordinate System Robot Classification 4. Jointed arm Configuration Resembles to a human arm Rotary movement : (vertical column that swivels about base) occurs around an axis (horizontal) parallel to the base because of a twisting joint. Rotary movement: at the top of the column about the shoulder joint (along the horizontal axis) because of one rotational joint. Rotary movement at the output arm about the elbow joint (along the horizontal axis) because of one rotational joint. It has 3 rotary joints and 3 wrist axes which form 6 DOF.

24. Classification by Coordinate System Robot Classification Advantages Huge work volume Higher flexibility and quick in operation 2 rotational joints allows for higher reach from the base Provides reaching congested small opening without restrictions Applications: spray painting, spot welding, arc welding etc. Limitations Difficult operation procedure Plenty of components Ref: https://electricalworkbook.com/jointed-arm-robot/ 4. Jointed arm Configuration

25. Robot Classification Ref: https://electricalworkbook.com/jointed-arm-robot/ SCARA (Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm) Linear movement: allows the arm to extend and retract because of one orthogonal joint Rotary movement: at the top of the column about the shoulder joint (along vertical axis) because of one revolving joint. Rotary movement at the output arm about the elbow joint (along vertical axis) because of one rotational joint. Applications : Perform insertion tasks (for assembly) in vertical direction

26. SCARA (Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm)

27. Articulated / Anthropomorphic (3R) Robot Classification The articulate or jointed arm robot (Anthropomorphic arms) closely resembles a Human arm The mechanical structure has three rotary joints that form a polar coordinate system

28. Material transfer & Machine loading/unloading : The robot grasps and moves a work part from one location to another. Processing operations: A r obot uses a tool as an end effector to accomplish, operations on a work part ( position & orientation ) Assembly & inspection : put components together into an assembly or the robot is used to perform some form of automated inspection operation . Robot Applications in Manufacturing

29. The robot is required to move a work part or material from one location to another. The basis of these applications is, that the robot picks up the part from one position and transfers it to another position . In other applications, the robot is used to load or unload a production machine of some type. 1. Material transfer applications 2. Machine loading/unloading applications Other robot applications involve parts handling , including assembly operations and holding parts during inspection. INTRODUCTION : TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS

30. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ROBOT MATERIAL HANDLING In planning an application, the robot will be used to transfer parts , load a machine , etc., there are several considerations; Part positioning and orientation: In most parts-handling applications the parts must be presented to the robot in a known position and orientation. Robots used in these applications do not generally possess highly sophisticated sensors (e.g., machine vision) that would enable them to seek out a part and identify its orientation before picking it up

31. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ROBOT MATERIAL HANDLING 2. Gripper design: Special end effectors must be designed for the robot to grasp and hold the work part during the handling operation. 3. Minimum distances moved: material-handling application should be planned to minimize the distances, the parts must be moved. By proper design of the work cell layout (e.g., keeping the equipment in the cell close together) By proper gripper design (e.g., using a double gripper in a machine loading/unloading operation) By careful study of the robot motion cycle .

32. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ROBOT MATERIAL HANDLING 4. Robot work volume: Cell layout must be designed with consideration given to the robot’s capability to reach the required extreme locations in the cell and still allow room to maneuver the gripper. 5. Robot weight capacity: Limitation on the material handling operation that the load capacity of the robot must not be exceeded . A robot with sufficient weight carrying capacity should be specified for the application 6. Accuracy and repeatability : Applications require the materials to be handled with very high precision. Robots must be specified accordingly.

33. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ROBOT MATERIAL HANDLING 7. Robot Configuration, DOF & Control: Parts transfer operations are simple, they can be accomplished by a robot with two to four joints of motion (2-4 DOF). Machine-loading applications often require more degrees of freedom . Robot control requirements are unsophisticated for most material-handling operations. Example Palletizing operations , and picking parts from a moving conveyor , where the control requirements are more demanding.

34. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ROBOT MATERIAL HANDLING 8. Machine utilization problems: Applications to effectively utilize all the equipment in the cell. In a machine loading/unloading operation, it is common for the robot to be idle while the machine is working , and for the machine to be idle while the robot is working . In cases of a long machine cycle is involved, the robot is idle a high proportion of the time . To increase the utilization of the robot , consideration should be given to the possibility of the robot to service more than a single machine.

35. MATERIAL TRANSFER APPLICATIONS The primary objective is to move a part from one location to another location. Require a relatively unsophisticated robot , and the interlocking requirements with other equipment are uncomplicated . Example: pick-and-place operations Some material transfer applications have motion patterns that change from cycle to cycle , thus requiring a more sophisticated robot . Example: Palletizing and depalletizing operations

36. MATERIAL TRANSFER APPLICATIONS The robot picks up the part from one location and moves it to another location. The part position is known (location and orientation) The known location is stationary , achieved by stopping the conveyor at the appropriate position. An input interlock (limit switch) would be designed to indicate that the part is in position and ready for pickup . The robot would grasp the part, pick it up , move it, and position it at a desired location . The orientation of the part remains unchanged during the move. The desired location is at a position where there is the capability to move the part out of the way for the next delivery by the robot. Pick-and-Place Operations

37. MATERIAL TRANSFER APPLICATIONS Fig.: In this case, the robot needs only 2 degrees of freedom. 1DOF – Pickup from one location and drop off at the desired location 2DOF – To move the part between these two positions. In some pick-and-place operations, a reorientation of the part is accomplished during the move Pick-and-Place Operations

38. MATERIAL TRANSFER APPLICATIONS Complications in material transfer operations, when the robot is required to track a moving pickup point. Tracking arises when parts are carried along a continuously moving conveyor . When the robot must put parts onto the moving conveyor . In either case a sophisticated sensor-interlock system is required to determine the presence and location of the parts in the robot’s tracking window. Pick-and-Place Operations Complications Palletizing and other operations when different objects are being handled by the same robot. A single conveyor might be used to move more than one type of part . The robot interfaced with some type of sensor system to distinguish between the different parts so that the robot can execute the right program for the particular part.

39. MATERIAL TRANSFER APPLICATIONS Instead of handling individual cartons or containers , a large number of these containers are placed on a pallet , and the pallet is then handled . The pallets can be moved mechanically within the plant/warehouse by forklift trucks or conveyors. Handling of the individual cartons, when the product is placed onto the pallet (palletizing) or when it is removed from the pallet (depalletizing). The loading of cartons onto pallets is heavy work , performed manually by unskilled labor, and also repetitive Palletizing Operations

40. MATERIAL TRANSFER APPLICATIONS As the motion pattern varies in the palletizing operation, a computer-controlled robot using a high-level programming language is convenient. This facilitates the mathematical computation of the different pallet locations required during the loading of a given pallet. When humans perform palletizing operations cartons are randomly placed, and some sensors are used to identify these carton locations, they must be delivered to a known pick-up point for the robot. Stacking & unstacking operations (sheets or plates) Palletizing Operations

41. MATERIAL TRANSFER APPLICATIONS In palletizing and related operations, the robot is used to load different pallets. Pallets may vary in size; different products may be loaded onto the pallets; and there may be differences in the numbers and combinations of cartons going to different customers. To deal with these variations , methods of identifying the cartons and/or pallets and how they are to be loaded or unloaded must be devised. Barcodes and some optical means are used to solve the identification problem Palletizing Operations

42. MATERIAL TRANSFER APPLICATIONS Differences in the loading or unloading of the pallets must be accomplished using the program called by the work cell controller . For depalletizing operations , the optical reader system would identify the pallet and the appropriate unloading subroutine would then be applied to that pallet. For palletizing operations, the system’s problems can become more complicated because there may be an infinite number of different situations arise. (for different customers, orders are different) Methods have to be devised for delivering the correct combination of cartons. Palletizing Operations

43. MACHINE LOADING AND UNLOADING Machine load/unload: Robot loads a raw work part into the process and unloads a finished products Machine Loading: The robot must load the work part or materials into the machine but the part is ejected from the machine by some other means. Examples: Presswork operations Machine Unloading : Raw materials are loaded directly into the machine without robot assistance. The robot unloads the part from the machine. Examples: Die casting and plastic modeling applications.

44. MACHINE LOADING AND UNLOADING Example: Robot-centered work cell production machine consists of robot and parts delivery system. To increase the productivity of the cell and the utilization of the robot , the cell may include more than a single production machine . This is desirable when the machine cycle is long, causing the robot to be idle a high proportion of the time. Some cells are designed so that each machine performs the same parts and follows a different sequence of operations at different machines in the cell. In either case, the robot is used to perform the parts-handling function for the machines in the cell.

45. MACHINE LOADING AND UNLOADING Robots have been successfully applied to accomplish the loading and/or unloading in the following production operations Die casting Plastic molding Forging and related operations Machining operations Stamping press operations

46. CNC MACHINE TOOL LOADING CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine tool loading robot is designed to automate the process of loading and unloading workpieces into CNC machines. These robots are used in manufacturing environments to increase efficiency , reduce manual labour, and improve precision.

47. ROBOT CENTERED CELL Industrial robots generally work with equipment on the shop floor Conveyors, production machines, fixtures, tools , and associated equipment form a workcell. Workstation means either one workcell with a single robot one work location along a production line with several robot workstations. Sometimes, human workers are included within the robot workcell to perform tasks that are not easily automated. The tasks like inspection operations or operations that require judgment or a sense of touch that robots do not possess. Two of the problems in robot applications engineering are the physical design of the workcell and the design of the control system which will coordinate the activities among the various components of the cell..

48. ROBOT CENTERED CELL Robot workcell can be organized into various arrangements or layouts. Three basic types of Layouts 1. Robot-centered cell 2. In-line robot cell 3. Mobile robot cell

49. ROBOT CENTERED CELL Robot-Centered Workcell Robot-centered cell, illustrated in Fig. The robot is located at the approximate centre of the cell and the equipment is arranged in a partial circle around it. In elementary case, one robot performs a single operation , either servicing a single production machine or performing a single production operation Example : Arc welding

50. ROBOT CENTERED CELL In-Line Robot Cell With the in-line cell arrangement, Fig. The robot is located along a moving conveyor or other handling system and performs a task on the product as it travels past the conveyor. The in-line cell layouts involve more than a single robot placed along the moving line. Example : Car body assembly plants in the automobile industry

51. ROBOT CENTERED CELL In-Line Robot Cell The three categories of transfer systems that can be used with inline robot cell are; Intermittent transfer Continuous transfer Non-synchronous transfer

52. ROBOT CENTERED CELL In-Line Robot Cell It moves the parts with a start-and-stop motion from one workstation along the line to the next. Also, called a synchronous transfer system, all parts are moved simultaneously and then registered at their next respective stations. In intermittent transfer, the robot is in a stationary location and constitutes one position along the line at which a part or product stops processing . Intermittent transfer

53. ROBOT CENTERED CELL In-Line Robot Cell

54. ROBOT CENTERED CELL In-Line Robot Cell This registration of the part relative to the robot becomes a problem when the continuous transfer system is used to move parts in the cell . With this type of transfer system, the work parts are moved continuously along the line at a constant speed. The position and orientation of the parts are continuously changing with respect to the fixed location along the line. 2. Continuous Transfer System

55. ROBOT CENTERED CELL In-Line Robot Cell Also referred to by the name ‘ power-and-free’ system . Each part moves independently along the conveyor in a stop-and-go fashion. When a particular workstation has completed its processing of a part, that part proceeds to move toward the next workstation in the line . Hence, at any given moment, some parts are being processed while others are located between stations. 3. Non-synchronous Transfer

56. ROBOT CENTERED CELL In-Line Robot Cell For the irregular timing of arrivals on the non-synchronous transfer system, sensors must be provided to indicate to the robot when to begin its work cycle . The more complex problems of registration between the robot and the part that must be solved in the continuously moving conveyor systems are not encountered on either the intermittent transfer or the non –non-synchronous transfer. 3. Non-synchronous Transfer

57. SERVICE ROBOTS

58. SERVICE ROBOTS What is a Service Robot? A service robot is an actuated mechanism programmable in two or more axes , moving within its environment, to perform useful tasks for humans . Manually controlled robotic devices with limited or without autonomy are included. (e.g. assistance robots for disabled people ). A consumer service robot is a service robot built for use by everyone. Neither operation nor setup requires a professionally trained operator . A professional service robot is a service robot built for use by trained professional operators . Autonomous mobile robots (AMR) are professional service robots. If they are equipped with a manipulator, the manipulator is separately counted as an industrial robot.

59. HISTORY OF SERVICE ROBOTS Service robots assist human beings , typically by performing a job that is dirty, dull, distant , dangerous or repetitive. They typically are autonomous and/or operated by a built-in control system , with manual override options. The International Organization for Standardization defines a “service robot” as a robot “that performs useful tasks for humans or equipment excluding industrial automation applications ”.

60. SERVICE ROBOTS https://ifr.org/img/worldrobotics/WR_SR_2023_Graph_top_5_application.jpg

61. CLASSIFICATION OF SERVICE ROBOTS Industrial To carry out simple tasks , such as inspection, as well as more complex, harsh-environment tasks , such as aiding in the dismantling of nuclear power stations Frontline Service Robots Service robots are system-based autonomous and adaptable interfaces that interact, communicate and deliver service to an organization's customers Domestic Perform tasks that humans regularly perform in non-industrial environments , like people's homes such as cleaning floors , mowing the lawn and pool maintenance . People with disabilities , as well as older people, to help them live independently. Scientific Robotic systems perform many functions such as repetitive tasks performed in research . E.g.: gene samplers and sequencers, to systems that can almost replace the scientist in designing and running experiments , analyzing data and forming hypotheses.

62. SERVICE ROBOTS: PRESENT TRENDS AND FUTURE STATUS With the advent of AI and rapid advancements in computer vision and robotics in recent years, Service robots are getting closer to mainstream adoption , but, some key factors still need improvement before they’re truly ready to roll out on a large scale: Technology readiness. Their capabilities are still quite narrow. They struggle with complex, unstructured environments and social interactions. Many functions still require human oversight and intervention.

63. SERVICE ROBOTS: PRESENT TRENDS AND FUTURE STATUS 2. Cost and ROI Service robots remain a significant investment . As technology improves and production scales up, Service robots will become more affordable and offer a strong return on investment through increased productivity, efficiency , and customer satisfaction. 3. Social acceptance Trust in the technology needs to grow, and interactions with Service robots should feel as natural as possible. With increased exposure and familiarity over time, comfort levels will rise. As people experience the benefits of service , acceptance and demand will accelerate.

64. SERVICE ROBOTS: PRESENT TRENDS AND FUTURE STATUS 4. Regulations. Strict safety, privacy and ethical regulations will need to be put in place as Service robots become more advanced and autonomous. Comprehensive laws and policies will help address risks, build trust in the technology and facilitate mainstream adoption.

65. SERVICE ROBOTS: FUTURE STATUS Smarter and more capable Specialization Cost and adoption Collaboration Handle more complex tasks . Improvements in AI, machine learning , and computing power will enable bots to understand natural language better , navigate more dynamically, and complete jobs requiring problem-solving skills. Example : A robot that can not only vacuum and mop but also put away the dishes , take out the trash , and handle minor home repairs

66. SERVICE ROBOTS: FUTURE STATUS Smarter and more capable Specialization Cost and adoption Collaboration Robots may be designed specifically for hospitality, healthcare, education, or agriculture. As technology improves and adoption increases , the cost of service robots will decrease significantly. More affordable pricing will drive higher demand and market penetration into homes and businesses. Future service robots will collaboratively work alongside humans

67. Efficiency and Productivity : Service robots can perform repetitive and time-consuming tasks more quickly and accurately than humans. This leads to increased productivity and efficiency in sectors like manufacturing, logistics, and hospitality. Cost Reduction: By automating routine tasks, help reduce labor costs and minimize human error. Improved Safety : In hazardous environments , dangerous tasks , such as handling toxic materials, working in extreme temperatures, or navigating risky terrains, thereby keeping human workers safe. Enhanced Customer Experience : provide personalized and consistent service, improving the overall customer experience. E.g., robots can assist with check-ins at hotels or provide information and assistance in stores. 24/7 Availability : work around the clock without breaks, enabling businesses to offer continuous service and support, which is particularly valuable in healthcare and customer service settings. NEED FOR SERVICE ROBOTS

68. Assistance for the Elderly and Disabled : In healthcare and home care, service robots can assist elderly or disabled individuals with daily activities, medication management, and mobility, enhancing their quality of life and independence. Consistency and Quality : perform tasks with high precision and consistency , reducing the variability that can come with human labor, such as in surgical procedures or quality control in manufacturing. Scalability : scaled up or down depending on demand. For instance, in retail, robots can handle increased foot traffic during peak times, such as holidays or sales events. Data Collection and Analysis: gather and analyze data in real-time, providing valuable insights for businesses. This can aid in decision-making, optimizing operations, and enhancing service delivery. Innovation and Competitive Edge: Implementing service robots can position a business as a leader in innovation, attracting tech-savvy customers and setting it apart from competitors. NEED FOR SERVICE ROBOTS

69. 12. Disaster Response: In emergency situations, such as natural disasters or accidents, service robots can assist in search and rescue operations, provide first aid, or help with damage assessment, often reaching areas that are too dangerous for humans. NEED FOR SERVICE ROBOTS

70. SERVICE ROBOTS: FUTURE STATUS Efficiency, Increased Productivity, Consistency and Accuracy Labour Shortages: Addressing Skill Gaps Reducing Human Labor: They can take over repetitive or physically demanding tasks Cost Savings: Long-Term Savings: significant cost savings over time through reduced labour costs Operational Costs: Robots can help lower costs related to human error, waste, and downtime. Safety: Hazardous Environments: Enhanced Surveillance: Monitor areas, improving safety and response times. Customer Experience: Enhanced Service: Robots can provide quick and consistent service 24/7 Availability: Accessibility: Support for the Elderly and Disabled people. Home Assistance: Robots can help with household chores Innovation and Adaptability: Improved Quality of Life: Reducing Manual Labor: By automating repetitive tasks, Health and Well-being: In healthcare, robots can assist in patient care, therapy, and monitoring.

71. Advantages of using Service Robots Higher flexibility in working. Enhance data collection activities and perform the analysis very efficiently. Made human life easier by providing self-assistance for every activity. Minimized the load and work pressure of people. Highly reliable because of their high efficiency in working and programming protocols . Created more clarity in services. Disadvantages of using Service Robots Reduced human jobs.  Sometimes robots can do work in the wrong direction .  Some programming faults , created during the processing of robots.  Require regular updation and up-gradation of their software and hardware. Cost of operation is very high.  Maintenance costs are high and require timely changes.

72. Applications of Service Robots Retail Services : Retail Stores to assist Customers. Agricultural Services: performing agricultural activities. Domestic Services : perform household activities like dishwashing etc. Event Services : providing services in events. Industrial Cleaning: cleaning in industries. Logistics: carry heavy objects and materials. Makeup Services: cosmetic industries for producing makeup items.

73. Specification of Service Robots Functionality Task Automation : Capable of performing specific tasks like cleaning, delivery, or customer service. Versatility : This may be programmed for multiple tasks or specialized for one. Sensors and Perception Vision Systems : Cameras and LIDAR for navigation and object recognition. Proximity Sensors : Ultrasonic or infrared sensors to detect obstacles. Environmental Sensors : Temperature, humidity, and other sensors to assess the surroundings

74. Specification of Service Robots Mobility Wheeled or Tracked Movement : For smooth navigation in various environments (indoor/outdoor). Legged Systems : For more complex terrains. Speed and Maneuverability : Specifications on how fast and agile the robot can move. Power Supply Battery Type : Lithium-ion or other types, including expected battery life and recharge times. Energy Efficiency : How efficiently the robot uses power during operation.

75. Specification of Service Robots Communication Interface : Touchscreen, voice, or app-based controls for user interaction. Connectivity : Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or Ethernet for network communication. Voice Recognition : Capabilities for understanding and responding to spoken commands.

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