Module 3IP-based networks use eithe.pptx

first part of iot

1. Module 3.2 The Transport Layer: IP-based networks use either TCP or UDP. However, the con strained nature of IoT networks requires a closer look at the use of these traditional transport mechanisms. IoT Application Transport Methods: This section explores the various types of IoT application data and the ways this data can be carried across a network.

2. User Datagram Protocol (UDP): With this connectionless protocol, data can be quickly sent between source and destination—but with no guarantee of delivery. This is analogous to the traditional mail delivery system, in which a letter is mailed to a destination. Confirmation of the reception of this letter does not happen until another letter is sent in response. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): This connection-oriented protocol requires a session to get established between the source and destination before exchanging data. You can view it as an equivalent to a traditional telephone conversation, in which two phones must be connected and the communication link established before the parties can talk.

3. In contrast, UDP is most often used in the context of network services, such as Domain Name System (DNS), Network Time Protocol (NTP), Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), and Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP), or for real-time data traffic, including voice and video over IP. In these cases, performance and latency are more important than packet retransmissions because re-sending a lost voice or video packet does not add value. When the reception of packets must be guaranteed error free, the application layer protocol takes care of that function. With the predominance of human interactions over the Internet, TCP is the main protocol used at the transport layer. This is largely due to its inherent characteristics, such as its ability to transport large volumes of data into smaller sets of packets. In addition, it ensures reassembly in a correct sequence, flow control and window adjustment, and retransmission of lost packets. These benefits occur with the cost of overhead per packet and per session, potentially impacting overall packet per second performances and latency.

4. TCP UDP Full form It stands for  Transmission Control Protocol . It stands for  User Datagram Protocol . Type of connection It is a connection-oriented protocol, which means that the connection needs to be established before the data is transmitted over the network. It is a connectionless protocol, which means that it sends the data without checking whether the system is ready to receive or not. Reliable TCP is a reliable protocol as it provides assurance for the delivery of data packets. UDP is an unreliable protocol as it does not take the guarantee for the delivery of packets. Speed TCP is slower than UDP as it performs error checking, flow control, and provides assurance for the delivery of UDP is faster than TCP as it does not guarantee the delivery of data packets. Header size The size of TCP is 20 bytes. The size of the UDP is 8 bytes. Acknowledgment TCP uses the three-way-handshake concept. In this concept, if the sender receives the ACK, then the sender will send the data. TCP also has the ability to resend the lost data. UDP does not wait for any acknowledgment; it just sends the data.

5. TCP UDP Flow control mechanism It follows the flow control mechanism in which too many packets cannot be sent to the receiver at the same time. This protocol follows no such mechanism. Error checking TCP performs error checking by using a checksum. When the data is corrected, then the data is retransmitted to the receiver. It does not perform any error checking, and also does not resend the lost data packets. Applications This protocol is mainly used where a secure and reliable communication process is required, like military services, web browsing, and e-mail. This protocol is used where fast communication is required and does not care about the reliability like VoIP, game streaming, video and music streaming, etc. Flow control mechanism It follows the flow control mechanism in which too many packets cannot be sent to the receiver at the same time. This protocol follows no such mechanism. Error checking TCP performs error checking by using a checksum. When the data is corrected, then the data is retransmitted to the receiver. It does not perform any error checking, and also does not resend the lost data packets. Applications This protocol is mainly used where a secure and reliable communication process is required, like military services, web browsing, and e-mail. This protocol is used where fast communication is required and does not care about the reliability like VoIP, game streaming, video and music streaming, etc.