Monitoring and Management of Indigenous.pdf

Climate change is an all-pervading phenomenon impinging upon earth’s natural equilibrium. Although
once a natural phenomenon, it has now evolved as an anthropogenically induced phenomenon driven by
accentuated greenhouse effect as a result of increased fossil fuel burning due to rapid industrialisation and
urbanisation disturbing the environmental sustainability of earth’s ecosystems. According to the IPCC
Working Group I report, Climate Change (2021): The Physical Science Basis, scientists have come across
climate change observations in every region across the whole climate system of the Earth. Many of these
changes as noted by IPCC are unprecedented in thousands and even hundreds of thousands of years in the
Earth’s history. The paper has highlighted the sustainability issues that are intricately linked to climate
change through models and suggests a solution oriented approach wherein smart sustainable strategies
and innovative concepts.

A Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response Framework or the DPSIR Model is a tool to analyse the causal
relationship between the society and environment. It may be seen that forces resulting in climate change
such as use of fossil fuels resulting in accentuated CO 2 concentration and enhanced greenhouse effect,
environmental degrading agriculture such as slash and burn agriculture, soil, water and air pollution etc.
represent the Driving Forces-Pressure-State indicators of the model. The Impact is represented by
depletion of earth’s natural resource base as well as the deterioration of the quality of air and water.
Restriction and regulations, promotion of people’s awareness on the issues involved and implementation
of Sustainable Resilient Solutions or strategies to tackle the problem defines the Response part of the
model.
Under Sustainable innovative solutions, both technical and operational solutions were focused upon.
Under technical solutions, use of renewable energy sources, energy and water efficiency, sustainable
transportation, sustainable agriculture and forest management and responsible consumption pattern and
recycling were some of the key issues that were discussed as they can be treated as the traditional
approach to tackle climate change. A diagram depicting Balancing Act of Sustainable Urban
Development showed how natural equilibrium of an urban system has suffered a serious imbalance
resulting in a tilt that has led to the weakening of the entire system. It is also seen that Sustainable Urban
Planning shares a synergistic relationship with Technological Assessment & Government Regulation. In
other words, in order to achieve sustainability in an urban scenario, there needs to be a fair collaboration
between the above two aspects.
Any climate action also includes certain legal and policy frameworks that fall under the domain of
operational solutions suggested here. This includes Cost-Benefit Analysis that is a consideration of
the benefits from a particular scheme after discounting the cost.

1. Monitoring and Management of Indigenous
Resources for Self-Reliance and Environmental
Sustainability using Geospatial Technology
Green Economy: An Initiative towards Economic
and Environmental Prioritization
Presented by
Arghadeep Dasgupta
……………………………….

2. Understanding a Green Economy
AnEconomywhoseeconomic
activitiesaredirectedtowards:
•Lowcarbonemissions
•Energyefficiency
•Resourceefficiency
•Greeninfrastructureandassets
•Socialinclusiveness
GreenEconomyisthustheone
thatentailseconomicgoalswith
environmentaloutcomes.

3. Conceptual Framework
3Es i.e. Ecology, Economy, and Equity thus are
the key elements of a Green Economy that
needs to be integrated with the 4rth E i.e.
ENGINEERING
Economy
EnvironmentEquity
ENGINEERING

4. Focus of the Study –
Environmental Outcomes
The study attempted to highlight the key
operational issues concerned with variegated
environmental outcomes that are purely based
on:
Blue green engineering solutions through
creation of efficient blue green spaces aimed
at reducing carbon emissions, increasing
energy efficiency, optimum water
consumption, etc.

5. BLUE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

6. Blue Green Infrastructure (BGI)
•BGI has been defined by the European Commission as a 'strategically planned network of natural
and semi-natural areas with other environmental features designed and managed to deliver a wide
range of ecosystem service‘.
•BGI represent important enhancements of ecosystem services and biodiversity in urban and rural
environments, but they are also an expression of sustainability centered approaches to urban living
and planning.
•This idea primarily focuses on mitigating heat envelope effect & urban flood resilience and aims to
restore the health of ecosystems.
•We lay importance of BGI by proposing a schematic plan to design urban parks and lagoons in a
specifically engineered manner that can deal with problems concerning urban flooding and drainage
issues

7. Design of Urban Park and Urban
Lagoon

8. Urban Heat
Island
Phenomenon
Urbanheatislandisatypicalmoderndayurban
phenomenonwheretheintenseurbanactivitiesresultin
thecreationofamicroclimatewithdistinctclimatic
parametersthataretotallydifferentfromtheparameters
ofareasoutsidethiszone
A heat island is a reflection of the totality of microclimatic
changes brought about by man-made alterations of the
urban surface

9. Factors contributing to a Heat Island
There are three main factors that lead to the formation of a heat island:
1.Surface material used in the city (steel, aluminium, brick, glass, etc)
is such that more of sun’s energy is absorbed and reflected back.
Therefore entire surface of the city is accepting and storing more
heat than rural areas.
2.More of fossil fuel burning results in more generation of heat.
3.There is an uncontrolled emission rate of gaseous pollutant, mostly
GHGs and also particulate matter, which creates a dome. Air tends
to rise over the warmer centre and settle over the cooler parts. This
sets up an internal circulatory system within the dome. Long wave
radiation is absorbed and not allowed to bounce back and the
temperature as a result also increases. This intensifies a heat island.

10. Understanding Total Solar Reflective
Index
•Solar reflectivity refers to how
well a material reflects solar
energy back into the
environment
•Low or non-reflective materials
will absorb the solar energy,
which causes the material to
heat up.Materials can have an
SR (solar reflectivity) value from
0 up to 1.0

•The closer a product is to zero,
the more solar energy it will
absorb, whereas products
closer to 1 will reflect more
solar energy than absorb it
Materials Roof Temperature Rise (in F
degrees)
Smooth bright white 15 (30 if soiled)
Rough white 35
Pastel colors (very light) 15 to 55
Intense (non-light) 79 to 83
Medium gray 52
Aluminum-pigmented asphalt50 to 65
Gravel coated BUR (Built-up
Roof)
61 to 83
Asphalt shingles with
granulated capsheet
72 to 90
Black 90
Reflectivity and Temperature Increase
Source: LEED

11. Case Study of Heat Island
Phenomenon in Delhi
44.2
46
46.4
47
40.6
42.2
42
43.1
43.7
45
45.5
46.7
36 38 40 42 44 46 48
27-Apr
28-Apr
29-Apr
30-Apr
Najafgarh
Mayur Vihar
Akshardham
Temperature Anomalies in 2022 (in Deg Celcius) and Heat Island Effect
Delhi presents a classic example of urban heat islands in various parts of the
city. This results in “a climatic dome” which has its own circulatory system
totally different from other areas where there is no heat island.

12. What can be done ?
CreationofBlueGreenBuffersorspacesand
reduceHeatIslandorHeatEnvelopeorEffect
withinthecity

13. Engineering Solutions

14. Porous Pavement with C&D Waste
Porous asphalt pavement is a specialized asphalt mixture comprised of
both fine and coarse aggregates bound together by a bituminous binder.
The surface appearance of porous asphalt is similar to traditional asphalt,
but it has a rougher texture.
Conventional porous asphalt is a permeable asphalt surface placed over a
granular working platform on top of a large stone reservoir.

The asphalt surface is made porous by mixing with open-graded friction
coarse aggregate.
The layer under the porous asphalt has the storage capacity to hold the
collected water.
In the proposed solution, the thick stone layer shall be replaced with C&D
waste.
To prevent clogging of thick C&D a geo-textile layer can be used as a
separator, which will ensure continual filtration process through the layer,
restricting clogging of the bed with sediments.

15. Porous Pavement with C&D
Waste……contd
Benefits of Porous Pavement
Engineering Benefits
❖Better use of the land and conserves water.
❖Porous asphalt provides a method to replenish water tables and waterways
rather than forcing rainfall into storm sewers.
❖It reduces demands on storm sewer systems and provides storm-water
management systems that promote infiltration and improve the water quality.
❖The most significant benefit of porous asphalt use is that it reduces the
number of pollutants carried to a storm drain or waterway.
Financial Benefits
❖Lower installation cost due to the usage of C&D waste
❖About 35% to 60% of material saving
❖Elimination of stormwater impact fees
❖Quicker construction of roads

16. Building Coloured Pavements
Since cities have 30 to 45% of paved areas,
the heat they transfer has an important
bearing upon the heat island effect. Thus
➢Colored pavements can be an alternative to mitigate
heat island effect
➢This technique will aid in reflecting more solar energy,
enhance water evaporation, leading to cooler
sorroundings
➢Colored pavements can be created with existing
paving technologies as well as newer approaches such
as the use of coatings or grass paving
➢The most effective method for colorizing asphalt
pavement is to apply an acrylic based color coating
➢Acrylic color coatings allow for exact colors including
light colors that are highly reflective
➢Light reflective colors may also provide LEEDS credits
for reducing urban island heat.
Color R SRI
Aluminum Zinc (GL)
0.68 (initial)
0.55 (aged)
55 (initial)
28 (aged)
Oyster White (WH) 0.52 59
Polar White (PW) 0.61 73
Light Stone (LS) 0.56 65
Hawaiian Blue (BL) 0.31 31
Sahara Tan (ST) 0.47 53
Ash Grey (AS) 0.46 52
Burnished Bronze (BR) 0.28 29
Colony Green (GR) 0.35 37
Fern Green (FG) 0.29 29
Almond (AL) 0.63 75
Snow White (SW) 0.65 78
Brownstone (BS) 0.47 53
Copper Metallic (CM) 0.46 51
Scarlet Red (SR) 0.42 47
Harbor Blue (HB) 0.26 25
Hunter Green (HG) 0.35 39
Roman Blue (RB) 0.32 33
Colonial Red (CR) 0.34 37
Everglade (EG) 0.33 36
Slate Grey (SG) 0.37 41
Suitable LEEDS Colour Scheme for Pavements

17. Summarising………..
1.Greeneconomyaimsateconomicstabilisationwithenvironmental
prioritization
2.Greeneconomyisadirectiontowardsachievementofsustainable
development
3.Greeneconomyhasmoreapplicabilityinurbanareasduetothe
significanceofenvironmentaloutcomesthere
4.BlueGreenInfrastructureholdskeytotheachievementofenvironmental
targetslikereductionofHeatIslandEffect
5.Engineeringsolutionslikeporouspavementsandcolouredpavements
canactasSmartEngineeringSolutionstowardscreationBlueGreen
Spaces
Concept of Green economy and Blue Green infrastructure
provides an opportunity to the world to adopt a nature
friendly sustainable solution to environmental problems

18. Recommendations
A. Develop a ‘Heat Plan’ which shall entail a balance sheet
of Heat Creation and Heat Absorption on the other side
just as there is debit and credit in accounting. This shall
facilitate an inventory creation of what is producing and
what is absorbing heat thereby automatically giving a
direction to city planners
B. Integration of blue green infrastructure in the urban
plans and programmes
C. Understanding community preferences and spatial needs
to suit the BGI theory
D. Propagation of Social practice and active engagement by
community around BGI
E. Motivated environmental stewardship towards designing
and management of BGI

19. Thank You