montmorillonite, structure, silicate clay

structure, montmorillonite, discovery, physical and chemical properties

1. SOIL – 503 : SOIL CHEMISTRY STRUCTURE OF MONTMORILLONITE SUBMITTED TO : Dr.K.C.PATEL Associate Professor Department of Agricultural chemistry and soil science,AAU SUBMITTED BY : Helly Patel Reg No : 2010124038 B.A.COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,ANAND

2. INTRODUCTION Montmorillonite is a very soft phyllosilicate group of minerals that form when they precipitate from water solution as microscopic crystals, known as clay It is named after Montmorillon in France Montmorillonite, a member of the smectite group, is a 2:1 clay, meaning that it has two tetrahedral sheets of silica sandwiching a central octahedral sheet of alumina Montmorillonite is one of the most common and widespread clay minerals, found in a variety of geological settings, including soils, sediments, and rocks

3. Montmorillonite was first discovered in 1847 in Montmorillon , a small town in the Vienne department of France The name "montmorillonite" was coined in 1849 by the French mineralogist Damour DISCOVERY

4. COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE

5. STRUCTURE

6. Tetrahedral Sheet (T) : 1. Silicon atoms : The tetrahedral sheet is composed of silicon atoms, each bonded to four oxygen atoms. 2. Oxygen atoms: The oxygen atoms  are arranged in a tetrahedral configuration, with each oxygen atom bonded to one silicon atom. 3 .Tetrahedral sheet structure : The tetrahedral sheet has a hexagonal structure, with each silicon atom bonded to three oxygen atoms in the same plane. CONT...

7. Octahedral Sheet (O): 1.Aluminum atoms: The octahedral  sheet is composed of aluminum atoms,  each bonded to six oxygen atoms. 2.Oxygen atoms : The oxygen atoms  are arranged in an octahedral configuration, with each oxygen atom bonded to one aluminum atom. 3.Octahedral sheet structure: The octahedral sheet has a cubic structure, with each aluminum atom bonded to six oxygen atoms. CONT...

8. Interlayer Space: 1.Exchangeable cations: The interlayer space contains exchangeable cations, such as sodium, calcium, and potassium. 2.Water molecules: The interlayer space  also contains water molecules, which can move freely between the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets. 3.Interlayer space structure: The interlayer space has a variable structure, depending on the type and amount of exchangeable cations and water molecules present. CONT...

9. High cation exchange capacity (CEC) High surface area Swelling properties Thixotropy Drilling fluids Catalysts Adsorbents Cosmetics Pharmaceuticals Environmental remediation Properties : Uses :