Morphology_and_growth_stages_of_Rice[1].pptx

This presentation explains about morphology and growth stages of rice.

1. Morphology and growth stages of Rice.

2. Morphology of rice plant Rice belongs to genus Oryza of Gramineae family. The Oryza sativa is a diploid species having 2n=24 numbers of chromosome. (A).ROOT SYSTEM The root system of rice ( oryza sativa ) is fibrous and consists of a network of thin , branching roots that spread out horizantally and vertically in the soil . The key component of the rice root system are Primary roots ,lateral roots,adventitous roots ,fine roots

3. Morphology of rice plant (B).SHOOT SYSTEM The shoot system is developed from the plumule which collectively includes all of the above ground plant parts like Culm or stem, leaves, inflorescence and grains. (1). Culm The main stem of rice plant grown from the seed is called main tiller or mother tiller, which consisted of numbers of nodes and internodes. The clum is more or less cylindrical, erect and smooth .

4. Morphology of rice plant (2).Leaf The node or nodal region of the culm will bear a leaf. Leaves are arranged alternately on the culm in opposite directions. One leaf is produced at each node. The top most leaf below the panicle is the flag leaf.

5. Morphology of rice plant (3).Panicle and spikelet The terminal component of the rice tiller is an inflorescence called panicle. The panicle is borne on the uppermost internode of the culm. The panicle bear spikelets most of which developed into grains. These spikelet are borne on the primary and secondary branches.

6. Morphology of rice plant (a)Floret The floret contains a flower. The flower consists of a pistil (female organ) and six stamens (male organs). The pistil contains one ovule and bears a double-plumed stigma on a short Style. The stamens have two-celled anthers borne on slender filaments.

7. Morphology of rice plant (b) Rice grain The rice grain is the ripened ovary, with the lemma, palea, rachilla, sterile lemmas and the awn firmly attached to it. The rice hull includes the lemma and palea and their associated structure the sterile lemmas, rachilla and awn.

8. Growth stages of rice plant The growth of the rice plant is divided into three stages- l . Vegetative stage (germination to panicle initiation) 2. Reproductive stage (panicle initiation to flowering) and 3. Ripening stage (flowering to mature grain)

9. Growth stages of rice plant 1.Vegetative stage : STAGE 0- Germination to emergence Seeds are usually pregerminated by soaking for 24 hrs and incubating for 48 hrs. STAGE 1- Seedling The seedling stage starts right after emergence and lasts until just before the first tiller appears. STAGE 2- Tillering This stage extends from the Appearance of the first tiller until the maximum tiller number is reached. STAGE 3- Stem elongation This stage may begin before panicle initiation or it may occur during the latter part of the tillering stage.

10. Growth stages of rice plant 2. Reproductive stage : STAGE 4-Panicle Initiation to booting The initiation of the panicle primordium at the tip of the growing shoot marks the start of the reproductive phase. STAGE 5- Heading Heading is marked by the emergence of the panicle tip from the flag leaf sheath. STAGE 6- Flowering Flowering begins when anthers protrude from the spikelet and then fertilization takes place.

11. Growth stages of rice plant 3. Ripening stage : STAGE 7- Milk grain stage In this stage the grain has begun to fill with milky material. Stage 8-Dough grain stage During this stage , the milky portion of the grain first turn into soft dough and later into hard dough . Stage 9-Mature grain stage The individual grain is mature,fully developed,hard , and has turned yellow.

12. PREPARED BY- Ashrafuz zaman (2022-AD-53) Guno mili (2022-AD-54) Prashenjit das(2022-AD-58) Kaushik gogoi (2022-AD-59)

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