Morphology (Linguistics)

A presentation about the classifications of morphemes.

1. MORPHOLOGY (Linguistics)

2. Morphology in Linguistics - The study of structure of the words and word formation. Word Structure Morpheme Free Morpheme (Lexical & Functional) Bound Morpheme (Inflectional & Derivational ) Contractible Morpheme

3. Morphemes - The smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language. Free Morpheme The type of morpheme that can stand alone as words by themselves EXAMPLE friend boy tree *Free morphemes have two categories Lexical and Functional morphemes

4. Lexical Morpheme Referred also as OPEN CLASS because we can add morphemes to these words. These are nouns, verbs and adjectives. EXAMPLE girl (n.) jump (v.) red (adj.) boy (n.) look (v.) pink (adj.)

5. Functional Morpheme Words that do not have clear meaning but has grammatical functions. These are conjunctions, prepositions, articles, auxiliaries and pronouns. Referred also as CLOSED CLASS because it cannot be added to other morphemes. EXAMPLE he she we but nor

6. B. Bound Morpheme These are AFFIXES that must be attached to the word. AFFIXES Prefix - un clean Infix - now a days Suffix - adjust ment *Bound morphemes have also two categories, Inflectional and Derivational morphemes

7. Derivational Morpheme changes the part of speech of the word when added to the free morpheme but there are some exceptions. Example of Class Changing pay (v.) - pay ment (n.) pay (v.) - pay er (n.) Example of Class Maintaining pink (adj.) - pink ish (adj.) do (v.) - un do (v.)

8. List of Derivational Morphemes Prefixes – re-, pre-, un-, ex-, mis -, co- etc. Suffixes - - ish , -less, - ly … etc.

9. 2. Inflectional Morpheme Morphemes that are used to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word. EXAMPLE boy ’s boy s clean ed clean ing clean s tak en simpl est heavi er

10. List of Inflectional Morphemes - in English we have 8 Inflectional Morphemes. Noun – Possessive noun (‘s), Plural form (s). Verb – 3 rd person singular (s), Progressive verb (- ing ), Past tense (- ed ), Past Participle (-en). Adjective – Comparative (- er ), Superlative (- est ).

11. Contractible Morphemes - these are auxiliary modals such as will, shall, have, had and would. - these can be contracted in informal style of language. Example I will – I’ll They had – They’d

12. Root and Stem Root words are the basic part of a word that carries meaning. Stem is when a root morpheme is combined with affix morpheme. EXAMPLE root : teach affix : - er stem: teacher

13. Bound Root These are root morphemes which cannot appear on its own. EXAMPLE re- ceive dis-suade Bound morphemes Bound root

14. Segmenting words into its constituent morphemes. EXAMPLE repayment re – pay – ment prefix root suffix

15. Morphological Description The difference between Inflectiona l and Derivational Morpheme? Inflectional morpheme never change the grammatical category of the word. Old (adj.) older (adj.) While Derivational Morpheme can change the grammatical category of a word. teach (v.) teacher (n.)

16. Morphological Description Identify the morphological description of the sentence below. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

17. Summing up Morphology is the study of word structure and word formation. The smallest meaningful part of the word is called morpheme. Morphemes have two classification these are Free and Bound Morphemes. Free morphemes categories are Lexical and Functional Morphemes. Bound morphemes includes Inflectional and derivational morphemes

18. Thank You! - Renedict 