MORPHOLOGY Linguistics in English Language Teaching.pptx

the definition of morphology

1. MORPHOLOGY Linguistics in ELT / Week 6 Nur Fitria Anggrisia

2. Morphology  is  the  branch  of linguistics  that  Studies  the structure of words . The study of the structure of words & how words are formed (from morphemes) Morfologi ialah bagian dari ilmu bahasa yang mempelajari seluk beluk kata serta fungsi perubahan-perubahan bentuk kata itu , baik fungsi gramatik maupun fungsi semantik . ( Ramlan , 2009:21 ) Morfologi atau tata bentuk adalah bidang linguistik yang mempelajari susunan bagian-bagian kata secara gramatikal ( Verhaar , 1984:52 ) W hat is Morphology?

3. M orphology Understanding how words are formed and what semantic properties they convey through their forms enables human beings to easily recognize individual words and their meanings in discourse. In English and many other languages, many words can be broken down into parts. For example: unhappiness  => un- happi -ness Horses => horse-s walking => walk- ing

4. M orpheme The smallest unit which has a meaning or grammatical function that words can be broken down into are known as  morphemes . The smallest unit of language that has its own meaning. Example: Un (morpheme) Happy (morpheme) Ness (morpheme)

5. One or more morphemes that can stand alone in a language. M orpheme is a part of a word A word can consist one or more morpheme The smallest unit of language that carries meaning (maybe a word or not a word) A sound-meaning unit A minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function W ord M orpheme W ord = Morpheme ?

6. Perbedaan Morfem dengan Kata Kata = Morfem Morfem ≠ Kata Kata merupakan suatu kesatuan penuh dan komplit dalam sebuah ujaran bahasa .

7. MORPH AND ALLOMORPH Morph : the actual forms used to realize morphemes e.g : Cats -> Cat (lexical) + s ( inflectional;plural ) = two morphs Buses -> Bus (lexical) + es ( inflectional;plural ) = two morphs Allomorph: a group of different morphs, all versions of one morpheme e.g ; ‘s, es (it’s kind of plural)

8. Stem (root, base) : the morpheme to which other morphemes are added free (e.g. teach er , dres s es , un kind ) Stem bound (e.g. in appropriate , un kind )

9. How many morphemes/morph are there in each of the following words? Happy Happier Unhappy Unhappier Unhappiness UNHAPPIER UNHAPPY -ER UN HAPPY

10. Free Morpheme Can occur by itself, not attached to other morphemes are those which can stand by themselves or alone as words of a language Examples : Girl, Boy, Car, Sleep, Smart

11. Free Morpheme is divided into two; FREE MORPHEME LEXICAL MORPHEME FUNCTIONAL MORPHEME

12. Lexical Morpheme Has lexical meaning; new examples can be freely added This group includes nouns, verbs, adverbs and adjectives Examples: Happy, Run, Sad, Pizza, pretty, Easy

13. Functional Morpheme New examples are rarely added (but not impossible to add) this group includes conjunctions, articles, pronouns and prepositions Examples: to, but, and, that, there, first, often, soon, none, all

14. B ound Morpheme Never exist as words themselves, but are always attached to some other morpheme. Must be attached to another morpheme. We can further divide bound morphemes into three : prefix  un -happy infix  mother- in -law suffix  happi - ness The general term for all three is Affix .

15. Bound Morpheme is divided into two; BOUND MORPHEME DERIVATIONAL MORPHEME INFLECTIONAL MORPHEME

16. Derivational Morpheme Derivational morphemes create or derive new words by changing the meaning or by changing the word class of the word. For example: happy → unhappy Both words are adjectives, but the meaning changes.

17. I nflectional Morpheme: Different forms of the same word Not change syntactic class Only 8 kinds in English: -’s, -s (plural nouns), - ing , -ed/- en , - est , -er, -s (S-V agreement) D erivational Morpheme : May change syntactic class To form new words Examples: -able, un-, re-, etc.

18. English inflectional Morphemes -s (third person singular plural) -ed (past tense) - ing (progressive) - en (past participle) -s (plural) -’s (possessive) -er (comparative) - est (superlative)

19. Thanks!